Orientador: Marcelo de Castro Meneghim / Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T18:44:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Schmidt_CeliaRegina_M.pdf: 1028221 bytes, checksum: 75986a4864ed3f712438fccf02ab4a60 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Os órgãos de controle interno e externo da Administração Pública estão voltados para todas as áreas de governo, porém o Sistema Único de Saúde ¿ SUS possui um sistema de controle próprio, sob sua competência e com características específicas, destinado ao acompanhamento técnico e financeiro das ações e serviços de saúde, que é o Sistema Nacional de Auditoria ¿ SNA. Entendendo a Auditoria Interna como atividade integrante do governo, com propósito construtivo e educacional, pressupõe-se que os auditores entendam a auditoria em saúde como um importante instrumento para gestão e determinante para a consolidação da Política Pública de Saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a percepção dos auditores que realizam os controles internos e externos em relação à auditoria interna, na gestão da saúde pública, na atenção primária, no Estado de Mato Grosso. O presente estudo foi aprovado pelo CEP/FOP/UNICAMP. Nesta pesquisa foi incluída toda população de auditores do SUS do Estado de Mato Grosso e excluído o controle social, os controles de vertentes políticas e os controles específicos da gestão pública. O estudo foi qualitativo, com entrevistas, realizando-se a técnica do discurso do sujeito coletivo ¿ DSC, que resgata o sentido das opiniões coletivas, e realizada a análise descritiva dos discursos. Constatou-se que a auditoria interna existente é vista como facilitador do controle externo e interno por conhecer a complexidade das normas do SUS, acompanhar as rotinas de trabalho, detectar erros e fraudes no sistema e atuar como braço auxiliar do gestor. Há ações positivas nos controles com uso de indicadores e foco na efetividade e no funcionamento global do SUS. No entanto, a estrutura de auditoria ausente ou incompleta e problemas dos recursos humanos no setor estão entre os diversos desafios em auditar o SUS no Mato Grosso. Conclui-se que os auditores dos controles internos e externos percebem que a auditoria interna no SUS, presente em cada esfera de governo, é um relevante instrumento de apoio à gestão pública / Abstract: The organs of internal and external control of the public administration are focused on all areas of government, but the Unified Health System - SUS relies on the National Audit System - SNA, which has "self-jurisdiction," or legal authority, to determine and monitor the technical and financial aspects related to public health. Since this internal audit is an integrating strategy of the government, with constructive and educational purposes, one assumption might be that auditors understand the audit of health as an important tool for management and determining factor to the consolidation of the public health policies. The aim of this study was to assess the perceptions of auditors that monitoring internal and external controls of government in relation to the internal audit in the management of the Unified Health System in primary care, throughout the state of Mato Grosso. This study was approved by the ethics committee for human research (Piracicaba Dental School - UNICAMP). This research involved all the SUS auditors of Mato Grosso and excluded social control, politics controls and controls specific aspects of public management. The study was qualitative, with interviews, performing the technique of collective subject discourse - DSC, that rescues the sense of collective opinions, and performed a descriptive analysis of speeches. The discourse analysis revealed that the internal audit facilitates the external and internal control of activities in the SUS given his knowledge of the complexity of the rules of system, tracking the work routines, detect errors and fraud in the system and acts as an auxiliary arm of the manager. There are positive controls actions in using indicators e with a focus on effectiveness and overall functioning of the SUS. However, the missing structure or incomplete auditing structure and human resource problems in this sector are among the challenges towards auditing the SUS in Mato Grosso. In conclusion, the auditors of internal and external controls view the internal auditing in the SUS, present in every sphere of government, as a valuable aiding tool towards public health management. / Mestrado / Odontologia em Saude Coletiva / Mestra em Odontologia em Saúde Coletiva

This master thesis has two major purposes. First purpose of this master thesis is to discuss qualitative and comparative approach to analysis, qualitative data (re)use, and their combination because, in recent years, these approaches have become increasingly important in the discourse of social sciences being related to the contemporary methodological discussions. The other purpose of this master thesis is to introduce the example of comparative (re)use of qualitative data because data (re)use is rather low and the example of this approach will contribute to its development. I discuss the application of this combination on the example of the membership categorization analysis that was focused on the comparison of member categories use by "drug dealers" in Prague and Frankfurt. The analysis revealed similarities as well as differences in the local production of member categories. The similar use of member categories and their predicates is based in the similar occasion (research interview) and in the similar social situation of interviewees (educated, not penalized). Furthermore, the similar use of categories suggests that, in both cases, the omnirelevant member category of drug dealer is relevant and have similar meanings. In order to sustain their identity as a legitimate members of society, interviewees...

This diploma thesis called The Picture of Presentation of Crosscountry Skiing in Mlada Fronta Dnes and Pravo is about how the picture of Crosscountry Skiing world championships changed in the period, which was the subject of research. ( 26th June 2007- till 31st March 2009). It concentrates on the main characters involved ( e.g head of the organizing committee Kateřina Neumannová, the mayor of Liberec Jiří Kittner, the former head of the organizing committee Roman Kumpost) The main goal of this thesis is to offer the complete picture of an major action of global importance on Czech soil.

Improvements in printing technology and the wide accessibility of advanced printers has resulted in an increase in counterfeiting. Of particular interest to forensic document examiners, ink analysis of security documents has emerged as an important tool for the analysis, comparison, and association of inks to a potential production source. In this study, methods were developed for Py-GC/MS, ATR-FTIR, DART-MS, and MALDI-MS analyses of printing inks of four classes: 78 inkjet inks, 76 toners, 79 offset inks, and 86 intaglio inks in order to generate information on the organic chemical characterization of the inks to determine the ability to associate and discriminate the inks for uses in security document examinations. The suite of analytical techniques evaluated in the study focused on having the following analytical characteristics: 1) rapid analysis time, 2) little-to-no sample preparation, 3) minimal destructiveness to the sample, 4) allow for association of inks with the same source of origin as well as discrimination of inks originating from different sources. As a result of this study, a novel searchable library database of inks was developed for use with each analytical chemical method that allows for data fusion. Py-GC/MS analysis was used to achieve >63% discrimination of toner inks on the basis of the characterization of polymer degradation products. The combination of a protocol implementing first ATR-FTIR and subsequently DART-MS analysis resulted in >96% discrimination for toners, 95% for inkjet, >92% for offset, and >54% for intaglio. In addition, a case study was performed using DART-MS to illustrate its utility as a tool for ink analysis in document examination. The results of MALDI-MS analyses from two different instruments resulted in >90% discrimination of a subset of all inks by characterizing the colorant molecules present in ink formulations. A study characterizing luminescent compounds present in the formulation of inks in crossed-line intersections was performed using a combination of MALDI-MS, LC-MS, and TLC. Overall, it was shown that the combination of analytical techniques included within this dissertation can provide information on the organic chemical composition of four classes of printing inks, which is useful for the future of document examination.

Objectifs : L'innovation en Chirurgie revêt des aspects distincts de l'innovation en Médecine. Nous avons tenté de caractériser l’Ethique de Responsabilité et les outils nécessaires à son application dans le cadre de l'innovation chirurgicale au travers de l’expérience de chirurgiens novateurs. Matériel et Méthode : L'innovation en Chirurgie est une décision médicale pour laquelle il n’existe pas d’antériorité. Elle est parfaitement modélisée par la transplantation d’organe. Les transplantations de cœur, de foie et de visage recoupent l’ensemble des champs à explorer. A partir de ce postulat, les facteurs extrinsèques de cette décision (historique, sociétaux, légaux) et des facteurs intrinsèques (la prise de décision à proprement parlé) ont été analysés. Pour les facteurs extrinsèques, une recherche bibliographique a été réalisée. Concernant les facteurs intrinsèques, différents modèles de la prise de décision médicale ont été évalués avant qu’un choix ne soit arrêté : le modèle de l'interaction des Forces. A l’aide d’entretiens semi-directifs menés avec des chirurgiens transplanteurs, les différents composants de la prise de décision en chirurgie innovante ont été exploités. Résultats : L’historique de la Chirurgie montre une dichotomie avec la Médecine. La législation de l’innovation semble résulter d’une adaptation aux pratiques. Sept Professeurs en Chirurgie et transplanteurs furent interrogés dans le cadre des entretiens semi-directifs. L'analyse a montré que le modèle de l'interaction des Forces est cohérent et facilement applicable. Les intervenants ont marqué la différence entre l'innovation rupture et l'innovation développement. L'innovation en Chirurgie, à la différence de l'activité cancérologique, s’est manifestée comme une activité purement collective. Elle repose sur le consensus de l'équipe, la littérature médicale contemporaine et des convictions parfois non-rationnelles. Elle nécessite des qualités d’intégrité chez le chirurgien novateur. L’Ethique de Responsabilité impose une réflexion sur la régulation et la méthodologie de l’innovation en Chirurgie. Enfin, cette innovation est vue de façon différente selon la génération des chirurgiens et est considérablement ralentie par la législation actuelle. Discussion et Conclusions : L'innovation en chirurgie, par son aspect irrémédiable, est éthiquement problématique mais indispensable. Elle nécessite donc une amélioration et une facilitation. D'une part, l'outil d'évaluation de la chirurgie, l'Evidence-Based Surgery doit être considéré comme une entité à part entière étant données les spécificités de la Chirurgie par rapport à la Médecine. D'autre part, une dérogation aux réglementations actuelles semble souhaitable pour les phases précédant la standardisation de l’innovation en chirurgie. L’intégration d’Infirmières Cliniciennes Spécialistes permet de renforcer l’Ethique individuelle là où la législation conforte principalement l’Ethique de Santé Publique. L’utilisation de réunions de revue de morbi-mortalité en innovation, menées par l’Université et ouvertes à toutes les disciplines, y compris aux Sciences Humaines et Sociales, offre un modèle d’auto-régulation, a posteriori de l'innovation. Ce procédé dérogatoire permet d’insuffler les Sciences Humaines dans le processus innovant tout en maintenant le degré d’exigence scientifique. / Aims: Innovation in Surgery differs from Innovation in Medicine. We aimed to describe Ethics of Responsibility and its necessary tools in innovative process in surgery from surgeons’ standpoint. Material and Methods: Innovation in surgery is a common decision-making process except the lack of past history. Organ transplant is an ideal representation of innovation in surgery. Heart, Liver and Face transplants allow to explore all the fields in innovation in surgery. Based on this postulate, extrinsic (history, laws, society) and intrinsic factors (pure medical decision) of the decision-making process were analyzed. Considering extrinsic factors, a literature review has been performed. Considering intrinsic factors, several models of medical decision-making process were evaluated and one was chosen: the Forces Interaction Model. Using interviews with renowned transplant surgeons, extracted components of the decision were exploited. Results: History of the Surgery showed a clear dichotomy with Medicine. Laws regulating Innovation seemed to be secondary to the borderline (and innovative) practice. Seven interviews of professors and transplant surgeons were reported. Analysis showed the Forces Interaction Model as relevant in order to perform the study. Surgeons instinctively defined two different types of innovation: the innovation-breach and the innovation-development. Differently from oncological practice, innovation in surgery is a pure collective activity, based on the consensus, the scientific literature and sometime on non-rational beliefs. The successful innovative surgeon must present some traits, including resilience and integrity. Ethics of Responsibility requires assessing regulation and methodology in the field of innovation. Finally, innovation is seen differently depending on the generation of surgeons and is slowed down by French Laws. Discussion et Conclusions: The definitive facet of the Innovation in Surgery is ethically problematic, still, Innovation is essential. Thus, it needs to be improved and facilitated. On the one hand, the evaluation tool in Surgery, the Evidence-Based Surgery, must be viewed as an independent instrument considering differences with Medicine. On the other hand, an exemption from provisions of current law in innovation in Medicine seems necessary, aiming innovative steps prior standardization of a surgical procedure. Integration of Clinical Nurse Specialists should allow to strengthen Individual Ethics while Laws reinforce Public Health Ethics. The use of morbidity and mortality meeting in innovation, led by the University and opened to all disciplines, including Social and Human Sciences, dictates a retrospective auto-regulated evaluation of the innovation. This process, while maintaining high scientific standard, enables to introduce Social and Human Sciences in the innovative process.

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The "internal enemy" was a formal term heavily represented in the language of the State Security (a secret service of the Czechoslovak Republic and Czechoslovak Socialist Republic), denoting a specified category of opponents to the then regime. The State Security's task was to protect the socialist and social system by fighting the external and internal enemies, with the security forces having been the authorities deciding who met the criteria. The thesis entitled "The Internal Enemy Image in the Discourse of Security Forces" aims to find out how the discourse of the State Security defined the term "internal enemy". The thesis is divided into the theoretical and empirical parts. The empirical part applies the qualitative analysis of the discourse to search for the characteristic of the term "internal enemy". All of the texts analysed in the thesis come from the Security Services Archive, administering relevant files of the era, and date back to the 1950s-1980s.

This thesis explores swedes and the Swedish community in Paris as a diaspora and not simply as forming a temporary, touristic and fragmented stance. The case is set within the specific locality of Paris and considers the historic relationship between the two countries. This, alongside Frances’ policies towards immigration constitutes the context of the Swedish diaspora in Paris. Furthermore, the studied diaspora is viewed partly in relation to other diasporas in France, such as the African, the Kurdish, the Chinese and the Scottish – all facing different conditions as a diasporic group.  The material for this study was assembled through qualitative interviews and analysed with a qualitative content analysis approach. Furthermore, it was analysed in the light of diasporic and transnationalism theories. Through the analyses we see how swedes in Paris fulfil many of the criteria of a diasporic group which is featured in the theoretic literature. They have a dispersion, voluntary and touristic in its form with a focus on the new locality, a homeland orientation where the homeland serves as a present source for values and identity, and boundary-maintenance through a wide range of institutions and social connections. The members of the Swedish diaspora live transnational lives: present in, affected as well as being affected by, both Sweden and France simultaneously. Hence obtaining a form of transborder citizenship, although lacking a political focus. The analysis and discussion paint a picture of a privileged state bound diaspora without a political struggle. They enjoy a high rate of mobility and their ethnic heritage is viewed as an asset – hence no discrimination in the new homeland. The privilege entails the freedom characteristic of that of a nomadic diaspora. However, this nomadic state result in a certain degree of ambivalence and a sense of up rootedness, alongside the positive effects of being at home in two places at the same time. With its extensive mobility and flexibility, which sets it apart from other diasporas, the Swedish population in Paris form a different kind of nomadic and privileged diasporic unit.

The first South African democratic general election of 1994 precipitated the eradication of South Africa’s separate and unequal education system. The presidential tenure of Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela brought much hope that the majority of South Africans would not have thought possible. The new era carried, among other promises, the transformation of South African policies, to ensure that all South African children would have access to a school of their choice and that no child would be turned away from school on grounds of race, ethnicity, class and/ or religion. School desegregation has been one of the means of attaining social cohesion and ensuring that all learners have access to all South African schools. School desegregation can be said to have been taking place on at least five (5) or more (taking also to consideration that there are typologies of ethnic and/ or religion desegregations taking place) different levels or typologies. These typologies are equally important as the African-to-White school migrations that have been taking place in South Africa. Thus, using a case study, this thesis - Integration and learners' feelings of belonging in a desegregated former House of Delegates school - contributes to the debates on social cohesion; desegregation and integration of the learning environment bestowed with diverse learner and teacher populations. It however traces the experiences of Black and Indian learners in a desegregated former House of Delegates school to determine the successes and possible challenges of ensuring social cohesion and racial integration at a school level. The study concludes that social cohesion and school integration is possible when the focus is learner-centered, the school environment is enabling and that feelings of belonging and integration are intertwined and it is challenging to achieve one without the other. Undertaken at a specific school context, this study does not claim that the findings are a trend in other schools although this cannot be ruled out in similar school and context. Learners in this study seemed not to be constrained by the racial classifications but defined and formed friendships along their likes, commonness, and future aspirations. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted

Quantitative analysis of historiographic textbooks in term of Christianity The theme of this thesis is the quantitative analysis of contents of selected integral series of historiographic atlases for elementary schools, in term of frequency of occurrence of Christian coherence. The resolution proceeds in following steps: 1) Searching for outputs of multilayer relations between culture and Christianity in motion of history. Questions on meaning of processes. 2) Meaning of teaching of history in light of curricular documents. 3) Studying of process of textbook creation. 4) Textbook as an educational medium. 5) Historiographic textbook conception. 6) Quantitative analysis theory. Its phases. 7) Practical methodology of quantitative analysis of atlases. 8) Quantitative analysis. Work with atlases. The aim of this thesis is to find out the meaning of the Christianity in contemporary teaching of history, based on the quantitative perspective. Concretely on the frequency of occurrence of Christian connotations in contents of historiographic atlases. Individual atlases and final percentual measuring outputs: Prehistory and Antiquity (1,2 %), Modern Period II. (3,5 %), History of 20th Century (3,9 %), Modern Period (13,5 %), Middle Ages (18,2 %). Total average value of the measuring (8,3 %.) is the...