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In January 2020, the world heard about a new virus, Covid-19, that soon reached around theentire globe. Covid-19 became a global challenge that would lead to widespread restrictionsin the name of prevention – and debates about weather states were doing the right thing. Thispaper looks at the outbreak in Germany and Russia and compares what measures have beentaken to contain the pandemic, and how one Russian state media outlet has interpreted theseactions. A qualitative analysis will be conducted to determine how the state-affiliated newsprovider Russia Today Deutsch framed the situation in Germany and Russia and which voicesthey treated as salient as the pandemic progressed to a German speaking audience. It will beshown that Russia Today Deutsch has different approaches between the two countries: while itcriticises the German government, it praises the Russian state to institute near identicalmeasures.

Yes / Students of education encounter a range of pedagogies yet how future teachers’ appropriate moral principles are little understood. We conducted an investigation into this process with 10 international students of education attending an intensive course on ‘dialogic pedagogy’ in a university in Finland. The data comprising student learning journals and essays were coded for the level of questioning, acceptance and irreverence. In the findings, reverential acceptance was more frequent than questioning and irreverence; however, our qualitative analysis also found a large number of micro-transitions between questioning, acceptance and irreverence suggesting a dynamic interplay. Recognising this vacillation as part of a moral journey may support better understanding of what it means to engage with a different pedagogy.

With the unprecedented growth of the Computer Science field, there is an underlying assumption that undergraduate students would naturally gravitate towards Computer Science courses or acquire related skills, irrespective of their career interests. However, this research challenged that assumption, focusing on the experiences and attitudes of Non-Computer Science majors enrolled in Computer Science courses. The objective of this study is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the experiences and attitudes of Non-Computer Science majors taking Computer Science courses. The research questions seek to uncover the factors influencing their engagement in Computer Science. This research employs a mixed-method study, starting with a quantitative phase followed by a qualitative one. Quantitative data is analyzed using factor analysis and inferential statistics, followed by thematic analysis on the qualitative data. The findings reveal that stereotypes associated with the Computer Science field are established as early as high school. These stereotypes, particularly affecting females, sometimes act as barriers, discouraging further pursuit of Computer Science. Addressing these stereotypes becomes crucial for fostering inclusivity in the field. To counteract these stereotypes, it is proposed that Computer Science and its applications should be promoted as early as freshmen year of high school. By introducing students to the field early, we can potentially mitigate the impact of stereotypes and encourage a diverse range of individuals to pursue Computer Science. Further exploration into the experiences of Computer Science majors is recommended to deepen our understanding and inform targeted interventions. / Master of Science / As Computer Science gains popularity, the assumption that all students, regardless of their career goals, naturally gravitate towards it is challenged. This study delves into the experiences and attitudes of Non-Computer Science majors taking Computer Science courses. This research aims to understand what influences Non-Computer Science majors' engagement in Computer Science, and the factors that shape their experiences and attitudes. Using a mixed-method approach, we first collect quantitative data through a survey, measuring various aspects. We then gather qualitative insights through interviews. Analyzing the quantitative data involves factor analysis and inferential statistics, while qualitative data is explored through thematic analysis. Our findings indicate that stereotypes about Computer Science are established as early as high school, often discouraging females from pursuing further education in the field. Addressing these stereotypes is crucial for fostering inclusivity. To counteract stereotypes, we propose promoting Computer Science from the freshman year of high school. By introducing students early, we can mitigate the impact of stereotypes and encourage a diverse range of individuals to explore Computer Science. Further exploration into the experiences of Computer Science majors is recommended to inform inclusive interventions.

Syfte och problemformulering: Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur kommunikatörer i Sundsvall uppfattar och använder artificiell intelligens (AI) i sitt arbete med innehållsskapande på sociala medier. Fokus ligger på att förstå vilka motiv som driver deras användning av AI och hur de upplever att AI påverkar deras professionella praktik. Studien belyser de nya möjligheter och utmaningar som AI-teknologi medför inom marknadsföring och PR, samt de etiska överväganden som uppstår. Metod och material: För att besvara studiens syfte och frågeställningar använder denna studie kvalitativa metoder, inklusive strukturerade intervjuer med sex kommunikatörer från organisationer av olika storlekar i Sundsvall, stödda av en tematisk innehållsanalys i linje med Teorin om Uses & Gratification (U&G) och Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Huvudresultat: Resultatet visar att kommunikatörer i Sundsvall främst är motiverade av den effektivitet och kreativa support som AI erbjuder. AI uppfattas som ett stödjande verktyg som fungerar som en kollega. Social påverkan spelar en viktig roll i beslutet att använda AI eftersom det hjälper kommunikatörerna att hålla sig konkurrenskraftiga. Även fast AI kommer med många fördelar är den mänskliga kompetens fortfarande avgörande för att säkerställa att innehållet uppfyller professionella standarder.

Nos últimos anos vários produtos cosméticos contendo alfahidroxiácidos (AHAs) têm sido desenvolvidos e estão disponíveis no comércio, causando uma grande revolução em relação ao tratamento da pele fotoenvelhecida. Com o aumento da produção desses produtos, torna-se necessário o desenvolvimento e validação de novas metodologias analíticas para determinar os AHAs contidos em preparações cosméticas, tanto para o controle da qualidade do produto como para a segurança do consumidor. Nesta pesquisa os AHAs tartárico, glicólico, lático e mandélico foram analisados simultaneamente por eletroforese capilar (CE) e cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE). Os métodos foram validados avaliando-se os parâmetros de linearidade, limite de quantificação, precisão e exatidão. A separação e determinação quantitativa por CE dos ácidos glicólico, tartárico e lático foram realizadas empregando-se um capilar de sílica fundida com comprimento total de 57 cm e 50 cm de comprimento até o detector, 75 &#181;m d.i.; eletrólito constituído de hidrogenoftalato de potássio 10 mmol.L-1, CTAB 0,5 mmol.L-1, pH 4,1; tensão aplicada de -20 kV com detecção UV indireta a 254 nm; temperatura de 35°C. A separação e determinação quantitativa dos ácidos glicólico, tartárico e lático por CLAE foram realizadas empregando-se coluna Sinergy Hydro RP-18 Phenomenex&#174;, fase móvel constituída de solução fosfato de amônio 15 mmol.L-1, tetrabutilamônio 3 mmol.L-1, pH 2,0, vazão 0,7 mL/min e detecção no UV 220 nm. Para determinação do ácido mandélico por CLAE, foi empregada coluna RP-18 Lichrospher&#174; Merck, fase móvel constituída de solução de fosfato de amônio 15 mmol.L-1 / acetonitrila (80/20, v/v) , pH 2,5, vazão 1,0 mL/min. Os métodos propostos apresentaram boa linearidade com coeficiente de correlação (r) > 0,9999, boa especificidade, repetibilidade aceitável com desvio padrão relativo (RSD) < 1% para determinação nas amostras comerciais e exatidão com percentual de recuperação entre 99 e 101%. Os métodos propostos podem ser aplicados para determinação e quantificação de AHAs contidos em produtos cosméticos em curto espaço de tempo. / In recent years many new cosmetic products containing alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) have been developed and are commercially available, causing a great revolution to the treatment of the photoaging. With the increase of the production of these products, there is a need of development and validation of analytical methods for quantitative determination of AHAs, both for quality control purposes and to avoid excessive concentrations that could cause consumers undesirable side-effects. In this research, AHAs like tartaric, glycolic, lactic and mandelic acids were analyzed simultaneously using capillary electrophoresis (CE) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The methods were validated evaluating the parameters of linearity, limit of quantitation, precision and accuracy. The separation and determination for tartaric, glycolic and lactic acids using CE involved an uncoated silica capillary with 75 &#181;m i.d. and total length of 57 cm, 50 cm to the detector, with a solution containing 10 mmol.L-1 potassium phthalate as the background electrolyte and 0.5 mmol.L-1 cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as the electroosmotic flow modifier, pH 4.1, the applied voltage was -20 kV with indirect detection at 254 nm, the operating temperature was 35°C. The separation and determination for tartaric, glycolic and lactic acids using HPLC involved an Sinergy Hydro RP-18 Phenomenex&#174; column, a mobile phase constituted of 15 mmol.L-1 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 3 mmol.L-1 tetrabutylammmonium bromide, pH 2.0, a flow-rate of 0.7 mL.min-1 and UV detection at 220 nm. For the determination of the mandelic acid using HPLC involved an LiChrospher&#174; 100 RP-18 Merck column, a mobile phase constituted of 15 mmol.L-1 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate / acetonitrila (80/20, v/v) pH 2.5, a flow-rate of 1.0 mL.min-1 and UV detection at 220 nm. The proposed methods presented good linearity with correlation coefficients more than 0.9999, good specificity, acceptable repeatability, with relative standard deviation (RSD) were less than 1% for commercial samples determination, and recoveries were between 99% and 101 %. The proposed methods can be readily applied to commercially available cosmetic product for quantitative analysis with speed.

Nos últimos anos vários produtos cosméticos contendo alfahidroxiácidos (AHAs) têm sido desenvolvidos e estão disponíveis no comércio, causando uma grande revolução em relação ao tratamento da pele fotoenvelhecida. Com o aumento da produção desses produtos, torna-se necessário o desenvolvimento e validação de novas metodologias analíticas para determinar os AHAs contidos em preparações cosméticas, tanto para o controle da qualidade do produto como para a segurança do consumidor. Nesta pesquisa os AHAs tartárico, glicólico, lático e mandélico foram analisados simultaneamente por eletroforese capilar (CE) e cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE). Os métodos foram validados avaliando-se os parâmetros de linearidade, limite de quantificação, precisão e exatidão. A separação e determinação quantitativa por CE dos ácidos glicólico, tartárico e lático foram realizadas empregando-se um capilar de sílica fundida com comprimento total de 57 cm e 50 cm de comprimento até o detector, 75 &#181;m d.i.; eletrólito constituído de hidrogenoftalato de potássio 10 mmol.L-1, CTAB 0,5 mmol.L-1, pH 4,1; tensão aplicada de -20 kV com detecção UV indireta a 254 nm; temperatura de 35°C. A separação e determinação quantitativa dos ácidos glicólico, tartárico e lático por CLAE foram realizadas empregando-se coluna Sinergy Hydro RP-18 Phenomenex&#174;, fase móvel constituída de solução fosfato de amônio 15 mmol.L-1, tetrabutilamônio 3 mmol.L-1, pH 2,0, vazão 0,7 mL/min e detecção no UV 220 nm. Para determinação do ácido mandélico por CLAE, foi empregada coluna RP-18 Lichrospher&#174; Merck, fase móvel constituída de solução de fosfato de amônio 15 mmol.L-1 / acetonitrila (80/20, v/v) , pH 2,5, vazão 1,0 mL/min. Os métodos propostos apresentaram boa linearidade com coeficiente de correlação (r) > 0,9999, boa especificidade, repetibilidade aceitável com desvio padrão relativo (RSD) < 1% para determinação nas amostras comerciais e exatidão com percentual de recuperação entre 99 e 101%. Os métodos propostos podem ser aplicados para determinação e quantificação de AHAs contidos em produtos cosméticos em curto espaço de tempo. / In recent years many new cosmetic products containing alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) have been developed and are commercially available, causing a great revolution to the treatment of the photoaging. With the increase of the production of these products, there is a need of development and validation of analytical methods for quantitative determination of AHAs, both for quality control purposes and to avoid excessive concentrations that could cause consumers undesirable side-effects. In this research, AHAs like tartaric, glycolic, lactic and mandelic acids were analyzed simultaneously using capillary electrophoresis (CE) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The methods were validated evaluating the parameters of linearity, limit of quantitation, precision and accuracy. The separation and determination for tartaric, glycolic and lactic acids using CE involved an uncoated silica capillary with 75 &#181;m i.d. and total length of 57 cm, 50 cm to the detector, with a solution containing 10 mmol.L-1 potassium phthalate as the background electrolyte and 0.5 mmol.L-1 cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as the electroosmotic flow modifier, pH 4.1, the applied voltage was -20 kV with indirect detection at 254 nm, the operating temperature was 35°C. The separation and determination for tartaric, glycolic and lactic acids using HPLC involved an Sinergy Hydro RP-18 Phenomenex&#174; column, a mobile phase constituted of 15 mmol.L-1 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 3 mmol.L-1 tetrabutylammmonium bromide, pH 2.0, a flow-rate of 0.7 mL.min-1 and UV detection at 220 nm. For the determination of the mandelic acid using HPLC involved an LiChrospher&#174; 100 RP-18 Merck column, a mobile phase constituted of 15 mmol.L-1 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate / acetonitrila (80/20, v/v) pH 2.5, a flow-rate of 1.0 mL.min-1 and UV detection at 220 nm. The proposed methods presented good linearity with correlation coefficients more than 0.9999, good specificity, acceptable repeatability, with relative standard deviation (RSD) were less than 1% for commercial samples determination, and recoveries were between 99% and 101 %. The proposed methods can be readily applied to commercially available cosmetic product for quantitative analysis with speed.

近年來，由於國際化、自由化之結果，以致產業兢爭日益激烈。而值此兢爭導向之時 代，欲保存公司生存利基，並加以發揚為競爭伏勢，不得不依賴完整縝密之企業策略 規劃。 企業規劃之主題眾多，其中部分已由眾多學者加以闡釋說明，部分則尚待探討研究。 而「進入時機策略」即為後者之一。究竟企業應在其他競爭者認知到市場潛力之前， 即搶佔市場，建立重要競爭地位? 抑或對新市場持觀望態度，使其他廠商先進入試探 ，待市場價值明顯出現時，再跟進圖利? 故本研究希望藉由飲料業、便利商店業、國際觀光旅館業，探討下列問題： 1.那些產業特質有利於先進者優勢之形成? 那些產業特質有利於後進者優勢之形成? 2.那些消費行為有利於先進者優勢之形成? 那些消費行為有利於後進者優勢之形成? 3.欲成為一新生產業或新生市場之先進者，廠商需具備那些基本條件? 本研究乃藉由相關文獻探討，提出一觀念性架構，並證之於上述三個產業。冀由架構 中各變數之間可能之關係，提出有關之命題。故本研究方法乃是以「定性分析」(Qu- alitative Analysis) 為主。 本研究希望能藉由進入時機之探討，對進入時機之若干策略性問題作澄清，以有助於 廠商之進入時機選擇。