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京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第23759号 / 医博第4805号 / 新制||医||1056(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 万代 昌紀, 教授 松村 由美, 教授 古川 壽亮 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

The present study is an exploratory qualitative analysis of public perceptions of health and the environment. In-depth interviews were employed to examine perceptions of the connection between health and the environment amongst a sample of men and women of both higher and lower socio-economic status in Greater Hamilton, Ontario. The study attempts to highlight the nature of health and environment perceptions in lay publics, the variations in perceptions of health and environment within and across social groups, as well as plausible reasons for these variations in perceptions according to cognitive information processing, value orientations, and cultural models. Variations in perceptions of the connection between health and the environment were seen to exist across social groups, namely by gender and socio-economic status. Differences in perceptions amongst those in the sample result from a myriad of possible factors ranging from social characteristics to personality traits to information processing networks. While health was largely perceived to be concrete and personalized, the environment was largely abstract and nebulous. Health was clearly articulated by those in the sample, while environment was less well-understood. Perceptions of the connection between health and environment were articulated usually with reference to the self, seemingly significant through possible threats to health. Health was viewed as under personal control through lifestyle choices, however, the environment was perceived to be external and not within the control or responsibility of individuals. A dichotomy in the form of “health is me” and “environment is external”, representing power, control, and responsibility and nested in social values and normative frameworks, became implicit in the findings. Social cognition research was employed to account for variations in interpretation of information related to health and the environment in order to account for differences in perceptions. Cognitive structures were then employed in an attempt to locate perceptions of health and the environment with value orientations from within a cultural or mental model of these connections. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

no / One of the major shifts in the form and experience of contemporary family life has been the increasing insertion of the ‘expert’ voice into the relationship between parents and children. This paper focuses on an exploration of mothers’ engagement with advice around the combined measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine. Much of the previous literature utilises a ‘decision-making’ framework, based on ‘risk assessment’ whereby mothers’ decisions are conceptualised as rooted in complex belief systems, and supposes that that by gaining an understanding of these systems, beliefs and behaviour can be modified and uptake improved. However, less attention has been paid to the ways in which mothers negotiate such advice or the ways in which advice is mediated by positionings, practices and relationships. Analysis of data from a focus group with five mothers identified three themes: (i) Sourcing advice and information, (ii) Constructing ‘Mother knows best’ and (iii) Negotiating agency. Despite the trustworthiness of advice and information being questioned, an awareness of concerns about the MMR, and health professionals being constructed as remote, ultimate conformity to, and compliance with, the ‘system’ and ‘society’ were described as determining MMR ‘decisions’. / Full text was made available at the end of the publisher's embargo period: 1st Aug. 2015

Yes / Research investigating behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia has concentrated on identifying and quantifying people’s difficulties; yet few studies have considered how people with behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia make sense of their difficulties. Five participants were interviewed and interpretive phenomenological analysis used to analyse the data. Two superordinate themes emerged: ‘Bewilderment’ and ‘Relationships with others’. ‘Bewilderment’ reflected the feelings of the participants from the start of their dementia, and was divided into two main themes (1) ‘Awareness of change: What’s the problem? and (2) Threats to self: This is not me. The superordinate theme, ‘Relationships with others’, reflected difficulties with social relationships and comprised two main themes (1) ‘Family and friends: Things haven’t changed… but do I say anything wrong?’ and (2) Coping with threats to self: Blame others or just avoid them. The themes were discussed in relation to literature evaluating the difficulties associated with behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia together with implications for clinical practice.

Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Variations made to the original scope of works are part of construction projects. Varying the scope of works has a cost and time impact, also referred to as the direct impact of V.Os. The direct impact is generally well understood by both contractor and client. Over and beyond the direct impact, V.Os also have a secondary impact on a project. Unlike the direct impact, the secondary impact appears not to be well recognised and managed by South African contractors. The principal aim of the research is to understand the secondary impact of V.Os. Based on this understanding, it then aims to give guidelines and recommendations to assist contractors to manage the secondary impact of V.Os. A variety of methods are used in this thesis. It includes literature review, questionnaire surveys and interviews. The qualitative analysis consists out of a pre-investigation which provided insight on how contractors deal with the secondary impact of V.Os. The JBCC and the GCC were analysed, which provided an understanding on how the contract deals with V.Os and its secondary impact. A definition was developed for the secondary impact. Key terms in the definition were analysed that assist with its understanding. Through means of a detailed literature review of relevant literature, a collection of delay and disruption events were identified that could be triggered by V.O. Studies are presented that proves V.Os cause a loss of productivity on construction projects. A comprehensive and systematic overview was given that explains the secondary impact of V.Os on construction projects. The main events discussed in the overview were validated for the South African contractor through means of interviews conducted with 2 contractors and questionnaires sent out to 44 individuals. It was found that in general, some South African contractors have accepted the secondary impact as part of construction projects. Contracts do not explicitly consider the secondary impact of change, nor does it provide clear guidelines as to how it should be addressed by the parties in contract. It was concluded that the secondary impact is unforeseen loss of productivity on the unchanged work due to the synergistic effect of the disruption caused by a multitude of V.Os (Jones, 2001, Hanna, 2004 and Ibbs, 2005). The secondary impact is an impact on human factors such as morale, self-esteem, motivation and the cause of difficult working conditions. It is a disruption that prevents project activities and events from starting and ending at the planned time and also prevents contractors from executing activities as planned. The cost due to the secondary impact is a combination of increased labour cost and also the increased cost of completing the unchanged work. It is clear that to pro-actively manage the secondary impact of V.Os will require the cooperation from the contract, the contractor and the client. In short contractors will need to understand the secondary impact, be aware of and prepared for delay and disruption events, keep record of the impact, monitor and control labour productivity and maintain a good relationship with the client. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Veranderinge aan die oorspronklike omvang van die werk is deel van konstruksie-projekte. Wanneer die omvang van die oorspronklikke werke verander word, het dit ‘n tyd en koste implikasie tot gevolg. Dit word na verwys as die direkte impak van veranderringe. Die direkte impak word oor die algemeen goed verstaan deur beide die kontrakteur en die kliënt. Bo en behalwe die direkte impak, het variation orders (V.Os) ook 'n sekondêre impak op 'n projek. In teenstelling met die direkte impak, word die sekondêre impak waarskynlik nie goed erken en bestuur deur die Suid-Afrikaanse kontrakteurs nie. Die hoofdoel van die navorsing is om die impak van sekondêre V.Os. te verstaan. Op grond van hierdie begrip, het dit ten doel om riglyne en aanbevelings te gee wat kontrakteurs kan help om die sekondêre impak van V.Os. te bestuur. 'n Verskeidenheid van metodes word in hierdie tesis gebruik. Dit sluit in literatuurstudies, vrae-lys opnames en onderhoude. Die kwalitatiewe ontleding bestaan uit 'n voor-ondersoek wat insig verskaf oor hoe kontrakteurs die sekondêre impak van V.Os hanteer en beleef. Die JBCC en die GCC is ontleed, met die doel om te verstaan hoe die kontrak V.Os en hul sekondêre impak hanteer. 'n Definisie is ontwikkel vir die sekondêre impak. Sleutelterme in die definisie is ontleed wat help met die begrip. Deur middel van 'n omvattende literatuuroorsig van relevante literatuur, is 'n versameling van die vertraging-en ontwrigtings gebeure geïdentifiseer wat deur V.Os veroorsaak kan word. Studies wat bewys dat V.Os 'n afname in produktiwiteit van konstruksie-projekte veroorsaak, is geraadpleeg. 'n Omvattende en sistematiese oorsig word gegee wat die sekondêre impak van V.Os op konstruksie-projekte verduidelik. Die belangrikste gebeurtenisse wat in die oorsig beskryf word, is bekragtig vir die Suid-Afrikaanse kontrakteur deur middel van onderhoude wat met 2 kontrakteurs gevoer is en vraelyste wat uitgestuur is aan 44 individue. Daar is gevind dat in die algemeen, aanvaar sommige Suid-Afrikaanse kontrakteurs die sekondêre impak as deel van konstruksie-projekte. Kontrakte bevat nie duidelike riglyne wat verduidelik hoe kontrakteurs en kliënte die sekondêre impak van V.Os moet hanteer en aanspreek nie. Daar is tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat die sekondêre impak ‘n onvoorsiene verlies van produktiwiteit op die onveranderde werk is. Dit is die gevolg van die sinergistiese effek van ontwrigting wat veroorsaak word deur 'n menigte van V.Os (Jones, 2001, Hanna, 2004 en Ibbs, 2005). Die sekondêre uitwerking is 'n impak op menslike faktore soos moraal, selfbeeld, motivering en die oorsaak van die moeilike werksomstandighede. Dit is 'n ontwrigting wat verhoed dat die aktiwiteite en gebeure van die projek begin of eindig op die beplande tye. Ook verhoed die sekondêre impak dat die kontrakteurs aktiwiteite uitvoer soos wat vooruit beplan was. Die koste as gevolg van die sekondêre impak is 'n kombinasie van verhoogde arbeidskoste en ook die verhoogde koste om onveranderde werk te voltooi. Dit is duidelik dat die samewerking van die kontrak, die kontrakteur en die kliënt noodsaaklik is om die sekondêre impak van V.Os op ‘n pro-aktiewe wyse te bestuur. Kortliks, vir kontrakteurs om die sekondêre impak te bestuur, het hul nodig om dit te verstaan, om bewus te wees van en voorbereid te wees vir die vertraging-en ontwrigtings gebeure wat plaasvind, rekord moet gehou word van die impak, die produktiwiteit van arbeid moet gemonitor en beheer word en 'n goeie verhouding met die kliënt moet nagestreef word.

Much of the recent literature in mentoring centers on the effectiveness of volunteers who donate their time to relationships with children in need of a positive adult role model (DuBois & Karcher, 2005). Because mentors generally take on a great deal of responsibility with youth who are often at-risk either personally or academically (Commonwealth Fund, 1998; McLearn, Colasanto & Schoen, 1998; McLearn et al., 1999), researchers want to identify those variables and practices that increase the chance of a successful and beneficial relationship (Nakkula & Harris, 2005). This study examined the benefits of adult-child mentoring and looked for connections between the mentees’ growth in social competence and the relationship length, match quality, and specific mentoring strategies employed. The mentors’ perceptions of sufficiency about the match, the mentee’s additional resources, and their own abilities were also examined. A survey was distributed electronically to 890 Austin, Texas mentors about their relationships, and a separate school level survey was distributed to the 90 mentor contacts located in each school that utilizes mentors. School demographic data was also collected from the Texas Education Agency. The results indicate that longer and more high-quality matches, an increased importance placed on getting the mentee to care more about others, and spending more time with the mentee’s teachers all predict higher levels of growth in specific social competencies. The strength of the match was also a positive predictor of the mentors’ sense of sufficiency about themselves and about the impact of mentoring with their mentee. The results suggest a need for increased training in the specific caring and teacher-involvement mentor strategies, and for more discussion with mentors about the importance of committing to long-term, high-quality matches. / text

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka samspelet mellan genus och matlagning samt hur deras roller utspelas i matlagningsprogrammen. Ett urval av tidigare forskning som behandlar vårt specifika ämne samt hur vår studie särskiljer sig från dem återfinns under kapitel två. Med hjälp av de två metoderna kvantitativ och kvalitativ innehållsanalys analyserades innehållet i utvalda avsnitt ur ”Mat” och ”Vad blir det för mat?”. Urvalet av de avsnitt som studerade skedde med ett systematiskt urval. Med Erving Goffmans teori och utvalda nyckelbegrepp skapades ett kodschema som vi sedan applicerade i studiens analysdel. Vi har på ett detaljerat sätt studerat programmen för att se vem som gör vad samt på vilket sätt det presenteras med genusperspektivet i åtanke. Det vi kom fram till var att genus var en väsentlig faktor till de främsta skillnaderna i programmen som i sin tur påverkade aktörernas roller. / The purpose of this study was to examine the interaction between gender and cooking, and how their roles unfolding in cooking programs. A selection of previous research that addresses our specific topic and how our study differs from those found in chapter two. Using the two methods quantitative and qualitative content analysis analyzed the contents of selected passages from "Mat" and "Vad blir det för mat? '. The selection of the sections studied were made with a systematic sample. With Erving Goffman's theory and selected key concepts created a coding scheme which we then applied in the study analysis section. We have a detailed manner studied programs to see who is doing what and how it is presented with a gender perspective in mind. What we came up with was that gender was a significant factor for the primary differences in the programs, which in turn affected the actors' roles.

It is an accepted fact that dancers are likely at some time or other to experience a physical impediment during either their education or professional career. Despite this, there is little focus placed upon the emotional reactions which are connected to this. In this study various emotional reactions connected to dance injury were identified and analysed. Information was gathered by using a qualitative interview method in which four injured dance students participated. The result showed that there were various reactions, both positive and negative, and that connections could be made to both stage models and cognitive appraisal models, two existing theories surrounding the subject. Particular focus was placed upon the individual's experiences regarding their diagnosis, recovery process, social support and sense of self. These categories revealed a number of similar reactions including lack of trust for authority figures and a re-defining of identity. A prominent factor within the research was the need for an increased awareness regarding the importance of social support and dancers' health education connected to injury. In conclusion, it would be accurate to say that dancers' injuries are not simply physical, but also emotional, and therefore both of these aspects need to be acknowledged equally. / Det är ett givet faktum att dansare någon gång under sin utbildning eller sin professionella karriär kommer att erfara någon form av skada. Trots det ägnas det mycket lite fokus åt vilka emotionella reaktioner som kan uppstå av detta. I denna studie har varierande känslomässiga reaktioner kopplade till skador identifierats. Information har samlats in genom kvalitativa intervjuer där fyra danselever med fysiska skador medverkat. Resultatet visar att reaktionerna är varierande, både positiva och negativa, och kan knytas an både till stadiemodeller och kognitiva modeller, två teorier rörande frågan. Särskilt fokus har lagts på individens upplevelser kring diagnos, återhämtningsprocessen, socialt stöd och självkänsla. Inom dessa kategorier visade sig ett antal likartade reaktioner såsom brist på tillit till auktoriteter och omdefiniering av identitet. En tydlig faktor som framkom var behovet av en ökad medvetenhet kring vikten av socialt stöd för dansares och utbildning inom hälsa. Sammanfattningsvis kan det konstateras att dansares skador är inte bara fysiska, utan även emotionella, och därmed måste båda dessa aspekter bejakas lika.

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