<p>Abstract</p><p>The aim of this literature review was to describe the quality of life in stoma patients after stomasurgery. Different combinations of the keywords “stoma”, “Quality of Life”, “stomasurgery” were used when searching in the databases Medline, Cinahl, Academic Search Elite and PubMed. A total of nineteen articles were used in the result. Fifteen studies had comparing design and four studies had describing design. Eighteen studies used questionnaires and one study used interviews for data collecting. Five studies did not concern the instruments' validity or reliability, fourteen studies referred to previously performed reliability's/validity tests. The sample sizes varied from 7 to 704 patients. Long-term quality of life in stoma patients shows contradictory results. Four studies showed that a brook uniting reservoir/pouch more or less did not change the quality of life. But that the body perception became better. One study showed that men´s Quality of Life was not effected by having a stoma, while women were effected to a greater extent, which led to a changed lifestyle and self-image among the women. Three studies showed that patients that are fecal incontinent has better social quality of life if they undergo stomasurgery. Four studies showed that patients with colon or rectal cancer and stoma had poorer quality of life than non-stoma cancer patients. Four studies showed that more therapy such as colostomy irrigation and relaxation gives better quality of life.</p><p>Keywords; “Quality of Life”, “stoma” and “stomasurgery”</p> / <p>Sammanfattning</p><p>Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva människors upplevelse av livskvalitet efter en stomioperation. Olika kombinationer av sökorden ”stoma”, ”quality of life”, ”stomasurgery” användes vid sökning i databaserna Medline, Cinahl, Academic Search Elite och Pub Med. Totalt användes 19 artiklar i resultatet. Resultatet visade att samtliga studier hade som syfte att undersöka livskvaliteten hos stomiopererade patienter. Femton studier hade jämförande design och fyra studier hade beskrivande design. Arton studier använde sig av enkäter och en studie använde sig av intervjuer för datainsamling. Fem studier berörde inte instrumentens validitet eller reliabilitet, fjorton studier refererade till tidigare utförda reliabilitets/validitetstester. Undersökningsgruppernas storlek varierade från 7 till 704 patienter. Resultatet var motstridigt inom långsiktig livskvalitet hos stomiopererade. Fyra studier visade att en bäckenreservoar/pouch i stort sett inte förändrade livskvaliteten, men att kroppsuppfattningen blev bättre. En studie visade att mäns livskvalitet inte påverkades av att ha stomi, medan kvinnor påverkades i större utsträckning, vilket ledde till en förändrad livsstil och självbild hos kvinnorna. Tre studier visade att patienter som är avföringsinkontinenta får bättre social livskvalitet om de genomgår en stomioperation. Fyra studier visade att patienter med tjock eller ändtarmscancer och stomi hade sämre livskvalitet än de med endast cancer. Fyra studier visade att mer terapi i form av tarmsköljning eller avslappning ger bättre livskvalitet.</p><p>Nyckelord; ”livskvalitet”, ”stomi” och ”stomioperation”</p>

<p>The purpose of this literature study was to describe how patients experience their quality of life while undergoing a pacemaker implantation. Searches were carried out in the databases Academic Search Elite, Ebsco Host, Pub Med, Pub Med Central, Science Direct and manually. Keywords used were quality of life, treatment outcomes, emotions, pacing and life. This resulted in nineteen peer rewieved articles that were selected for the study results. The results showed that patients undergoing a pacemaker implantation experienced an improvement in their physical health with increased functional status, more energy and strength. From a psychological perspective, some patients experienced an improvement in quality of life while others felt worried and depressed. A common factor among the patients was anxiety and insecurity concerning daily routine activities. The amount of time passed after the pacemaker implantation was also a common factor that had impact on how patients experienced their physical and psychological health. To get a deeper knowledge and understanding when meeting patients undergoing a pacemaker implantation it is important that more research, especially qualitative, is carried out.</p>

<p>Syftet med studien var att beskriva hur ungdomar i åldersgruppen 16-19 år upplever sin</p><p>livskvalitet samt att undersöka om det finns skillnader i hur flickor och pojkar upplever sin</p><p>livskvalitet. Studien genomfördes på en gymnasieskola i Mellansverige i januari 2008 och är</p><p>en empirisk kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie med beskrivande och jämförande design. Sammanlagt</p><p>deltog 90 elever, 47 flickor och 43 pojkar. Författarna använde sig av instrumentet Life</p><p>Satisfaction Questionnaire (LSQ). Huvudresultatet visade att hela undersökningsgruppen</p><p>skattade högst livskvalitet i faktorn fysiska symtom. Lägst livskvalitet upplevde eleverna sig</p><p>ha i faktorerna kvaliteten i vardagslivets meningsfulla och roliga aktiviteter. I jämförelsen</p><p>mellan könen, fanns signifikanta skillnader i upplevd livskvalitet. Pojkarna upplevde</p><p>signifikant färre fysiska symtom än flickorna. Flickorna i sin tur upplevde kvaliteten i</p><p>relationer till vänner och närstående signifikant högre än pojkarna. Ungdomarna bedömde</p><p>sina studieresultat och sin förmåga att klara av studierna som goda, flickor hade på dessa</p><p>frågor skattat signifikant högre värden än pojkarna. De flesta eleverna upplevde sig inte som</p><p>mobbade. På frågan om nedstämdhet hade en tredjedel av ungdomarna uppgett att de i viss</p><p>utsträckning eller mer känt sig nedstämda. På denna fråga hade pojkarna skattat signifikant</p><p>högre värden än flickorna.</p><p>Nyckelord: Livskvalitet,</p> / <p>The purpose of this study was to describe how adolescents in the age of 16-19 experience</p><p>their quality of life and to explore if there are any differences between the sexes.</p><p>The study was carried out at a high school in Sweden during January 2008 and is an</p><p>empirical, quantitative cross sectional study with a descriptive and comparative design. The</p><p>final sum of participants were 90, 47 girls and 43 boys. The authors used the Life Satisfaction</p><p>Questionnaire. The results of the study showed that the highest scores were found in physical</p><p>symptoms. The teenagers scored lowest in the everyday life’s fun and meaningful activities.</p><p>The result showed differences between the sexes, boys rated significantly higher quality of</p><p>life than girls in physical symptoms, whereas girls rated their quality of life significantly</p><p>higher in relations to family members and friends. The teenagers estimated their study result</p><p>and their ability to manage their studies as rather good, in these subjects, the girls rated</p><p>significantly higher scores than the boys. The majority of the students did not feel harassed. A</p><p>third of the adolescents stated that they had felt depressed in some degree or higher. In this</p><p>question, the boys rated significantly higher scores than the girls.</p><p>Keywords: Quality</p>

<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of present study was to determine the frequency of taste and smell disorders occuring in patients receiving chemotherapy for cancer.<strong> Methods: </strong>The study was of an empirical cross sectional quantitative descriptive design. During one month, consecutive cancer patients at outpatient units in two Swedish hospitals were asked to participate in the study by completing a questionnaire that had been developed previously for a similar study. All participants had undergone at least 1 cycle of intravenous chemotherapy or  a minimum of seven days of oral chemotherapy. <strong>Results: </strong>A total of<strong> </strong>102 patients completed the questionnaire. Results show that 55 % experienced taste disorders and  42 % experienced smell disorders. Both disorders are more common in women than in men. Of patients with taste disorders 47 % reported that it  impacted on their daily life to some degree and of patients with smell disorders the corresponding number was 33%. Patients with smell disorders reported a smaller degree of impact on their daily life than did patients with taste disorders.<strong> Conclusion: </strong>Both taste and smell disorders are common in cancer patients treated within chemotherapy. More research into factors that might eliminate or dimnish these problems is needed.<strong> </strong></p>

Thesis (M. Nurs.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006.

Purpose: The relationship between severity of voiding dysfunction and quality of life in children with daytime wetting was analyzed. Materials and Methods: The relationship between age, gender, severity of voiding dysfunction (measured by DVSS) and quality of life (measured by PinQ) in the child with daytime wetting was analyzed. Twenty-four children (4 males, 20 females) aged 5-10 years (x 8.17 years, SD 1.37) and their parents completed the DVSS and PinQ. Results: Parent and child total DVSS and total PinQ Scores had similar results with only a significant mean difference between the parent total DVSS scores based on gender. Only Gender with Parental Total DVSS Score (r = 0.462, p = 0.023) and Child Total DVSS Score with Parent Total DVSS Scores (r = 0.472, p = 0.020) were significant correlations. Conclusions: Results illustrate the importance of early recognition and intervention to minimize the impact daytime wetting has on the child.

Patients with schizophrenia have extremely high levels of depression and suicide (Carlborg et al., 2008), thus, a better understanding of factors associated with poor quality of life (QoL) for this population is sorely needed. A growing body of research suggests that cognitive functioning in schizophrenia may be a strong predictor of overall QoL (Green et al., 2000), but individual domains of QoL have not been examined. Indirect evidence also suggests that emotion perception may underlie the relationship between neurocognition and QoL, but this hypothesis has also yet to be tested. Using a sample of 92 clinically stable schizophrenia patients, the current study explores the relationship between neurocognition, namely attention and working memory, and the following sub domains of QoL: social, vocational, intrapsychic foundations and environmental engagement. The current study also examines whether emotion perception mediates this relationship. In partial support of hypotheses, patients with more deficits in working memory reported decreased Occupational QoL and, although only marginally significant, decreased Total QoL. There was also a trend for poorer working memory to be associated with poorer Intrapsychic Foundations QoL. Contrary to hypotheses, emotion perception was not found to mediate the relationship between working memory and QoL. Current findings suggest that interventions that specifically target working memory may also improve many other aspects of schizophrenia patients? QoL.

Women who are post surgery for breast cancer (BCa) experience distressing side effects that negatively influence Quality of Life (QoL). Physical activity (PA) following a BCa diagnosis is associated with decreased mortality, reduced recurrence, increased functional capacity, less fatigue, and may improve depression and QoL. Furthermore, evidence suggests that a combined PA and psychotherapy intervention may reduce physically and emotionally distressing side effects associated with diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of the study is to examine relationships among PA, fatigue, clinician-rated depression, depressed mood, and QoL in women after undergoing surgery for BCa and to assess the continuity of these relationships as they move through adjuvant treatment. In addition, the study investigates whether fatigue is an underlying psychosocial mechanism accounting for the effects of PA on study outcomes. Finally, given prior evidence that participation in a Cognitive-Behavioral Stress Management (CBSM) intervention was associated with reduced fatigue, the study assesses whether women who were physically active showed less fatigue above and beyond the effects of CBSM. Women (N=240) with non-metastatic stage 0-III BCa were recruited 2-10 weeks post-surgery and randomized to either a CBSM intervention group or a psycho-educational control group. Physical activity, fatigue, functional QoL, rated depression, and depressed mood were assessed at the baseline and 3-month post intervention time points. Structural equation modeling was used to test hypotheses. At baseline, results revealed that greater PA was associated with less fatigue-related daily interference (FRDI), and that less FRDI was associated with greater functional QoL, lower rated depression, and less depressed mood. Furthermore, lower FRDI was a pathway by which greater PA was associated with greater functional QoL, less rated depression, and less depressed mood. These relationships were similar at the 3-month post intervention time point and when difference scores were used in the model. Finally, PA contributed significantly to the change in FRDI above and beyond the effects of participation in CBSM. A combined PA and CBSM intervention may be effective in reducing FRDI, and improving depressive symptoms and QoL for women after surgery for BCa and during adjuvant treatment, and should be investigated in future studies.

This study examined the relationship between spirituality/religiousness and quality of life and the moderating effect of comorbid illness in a sample of 308 long-term cancer survivors who had received an initial primary cancer diagnosis of breast, prostate, colorectal, and Hodgkin's disease at least 5 prior to the beginning of the study. In addition to the self-report measures assessing the variable of interest, participants completed a set of socio-demographic items and several questions related to their cancer treatment at entry into the study (T1) and at a second assessment 12 months later (T2). Results showed that each spirituality/religiousness and comorbidity was significantly related to various aspects of quality of life at both time points of assessment. More specifically, spirituality/religiousness was significantly associated with greater cancer benefits, enhanced general quality of life, lower sexual dysfunction, but unexpectedly, greater family-related distress at T1. Similarly, comorbidity significantly related to more financial problems, worries about appearance, and pain at both time points. Greater comorbidity was also significantly associated with more sexual dysfunction and lower general quality of life at T1. Findings also provided supported for the moderating role of comorbidity on various domains of quality of life both concurrently (i.e., family-related distress and appearance concerns) and prospectively (i.e., family-related distress and pain). In some cases, the direction of the interaction effect was in the predicted direction such that greater spirituality/religiousness related to lower family-related distress (prospectively) and more appearance concerns (concurrently at T2) among survivors with a new comorbidity, for example. In other cases, the direction of the interaction was contrary to expectations, such that higher spirituality/religiousness was associated with greater family-related distress (concurrently at T1) and more pain (prospectively) among the group of survivors with greater comorbidity. Possible explanations for the apparently inconsistent findings are offered as well as recommendations for future research.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Florida, 2003. / Title from title page of source document. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references.