no abstract provided by author / Master of Science

Chan, Hoi Weun Kilkenny. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 233-248). / Abstract also in Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.i / ABSTRACT (IN CHINESE) --- p.iv / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.vi / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.viii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.xii / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.xiv / LIST OF PLATES --- p.xvi / LIST OF APPENDICES --- p.xvii / LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.xviii / Chapter CHAPTER ONE --- INTRODUCTION / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Conceptual framework --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Study objectives --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4 --- Significance of research --- p.10 / Chapter 1.5 --- Organization of thesis --- p.12 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO --- LITERATURE REVIEW / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2 --- The geographical setting of Hong Kong --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Climate of Hong Kong --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Geology of Hong Kong --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Soils of Hong Kong --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Vegetation of Hong Kong --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3 --- Forestry management in Hong Kong --- p.19 / Chapter 2.4 --- Land degradation and growth constraints --- p.20 / Chapter 2.5 --- Importance of ecological rehabilitation --- p.23 / Chapter 2.6 --- Use of exotic and native species in ecological rehabilitation --- p.27 / Chapter 2.7 --- Myths of native species --- p.32 / Chapter 2.8 --- Quarrying and quarry rehabilitation in Hong Kong --- p.34 / Chapter 2.8.1 --- Permit quarries --- p.34 / Chapter 2.8.2 --- Contract quarries --- p.36 / Chapter 2.8.3 --- Quarry rehabilitation contracts --- p.37 / Chapter 2.9 --- Constraints of quarry rehabilitation --- p.39 / Chapter 2.10 --- Characteristics of quarry growth substrates --- p.41 / Chapter 2.11 --- Soil amendment materials --- p.42 / Chapter 2.12 --- Summary --- p.43 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE --- SCREENING OF SOIL AMENDMENT MATERIALS FOR THE GROWTH OF SCHIMA SUPERB A / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2 --- Methodology --- p.46 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Experimental design --- p.46 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Post-planting care --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Plant performance measurements --- p.53 / Chapter 3.3 --- Laboratory analysis --- p.55 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Soils --- p.55 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Amendment materials --- p.59 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Foliar nutrient contents --- p.60 / Chapter 3.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.61 / Chapter 3.5 --- Results and discussion --- p.61 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Physical and chemical properties of decomposed granite --- p.61 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Chemical properties of soil amendment materials --- p.64 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Plant growth performance --- p.68 / Chapter 3.5.4 --- Effect of SAMs on growth performance of the seedlings --- p.78 / Chapter 3.6 --- Summary --- p.81 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR --- SOILS AND VEGETATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THREE RESTORED QUARRY SITES / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.85 / Chapter 4.2 --- Study area --- p.87 / Chapter 4.3 --- Methodology --- p.92 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Experimental design --- p.92 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Soil sampling --- p.93 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Vegetation survey --- p.94 / Chapter 4.4 --- Data processing and statistical analysis --- p.95 / Chapter 4.5 --- Results and discussion --- p.96 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Characteristics and properties of the restored soils --- p.96 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Vegetation survey --- p.110 / Chapter 4.6 --- Summary --- p.130 / Chapter CHAPTER FIVE --- EFFECT OF ENGINEERING DESIGN AND RAINSTORM ON ECOLOGICAL REHABILITATION / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.133 / Chapter 5.2 --- Methodology --- p.135 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Experimental design --- p.135 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Assessment of plant growth and storm damage --- p.142 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Laboratory analysis --- p.143 / Chapter 5.3 --- Statistical analysis --- p.143 / Chapter 5.4 --- Results and discussion --- p.143 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Physical and chemical properties of the growth substrate --- p.143 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Chemical properties of the soil amendment materials --- p.146 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- The weather and growth conditions in ARQ --- p.149 / Chapter 5.4.4 --- Damage caused by the rainstorm --- p.155 / Chapter 5.4.5 --- Survival rates of the seedlings --- p.161 / Chapter 5.4.6 --- Growth performance of seedlings 3 months after planting --- p.163 / Chapter 5.4.7 --- Lessons learnt from this experiment --- p.167 / Chapter 5.5 --- Summary --- p.174 / Chapter CHAPTER SIX --- GROWTH OF SCHIMA SUPERBA AND RHAPHIOLEPIS INDICA ON DECOMPOSED GRANITE (DG) AND DECOMPOSED VOLCANIC (DV) / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.177 / Chapter 6.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.179 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Experimental design --- p.179 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Plant performance measurements and data processing --- p.181 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Laboratory analysis --- p.182 / Chapter 6.3 --- Statistical analysis --- p.182 / Chapter 6.4 --- Results and discussion --- p.183 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- Properties of decomposed granite and decomposed volcanic --- p.183 / Chapter 6.4.2 --- Properties of the soil amendment materials --- p.186 / Chapter 6.4.3 --- Survival rates of the seedlings --- p.188 / Chapter 6.4.4 --- Height growth of seedlings --- p.198 / Chapter 6.4.5 --- Stem basal diameter growth of seedlings --- p.201 / Chapter 6.4.6 --- Overall growth performance of seedlings --- p.203 / Chapter 6.5 --- Summary --- p.204 / Chapter CHAPTER SEVEN --- CONCLUSIONS / Chapter 7.1 --- Introduction --- p.207 / Chapter 7.2 --- Summary of major findings --- p.207 / Chapter 7.3 --- Implications of the study --- p.216 / Chapter 7.3.1 --- Screening of soil amendment materials to promote early growth of seedlings in decomposed granite --- p.216 / Chapter 7.3.2 --- Successional development in the restored quarry sites under existing revegetation programme --- p.218 / Chapter 7.3.3 --- Constraints of quarry rehabilitation --- p.221 / Chapter 7.3.4 --- Potential use of native species in quarry rehabilitation --- p.225 / Chapter 7.4 --- Limitations of the study --- p.228 / Chapter 7.5 --- Suggestions for further study --- p.230 / REFERENCES --- p.233 / APPENDICES --- p.249

Yu Chi Cheung. / Thesis submitted in: August 2005. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 156-169). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract / Declaration --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.ii / Contents --- p.iv / List of Figures --- p.vi / List of Tables --- p.vii / List of Plates --- p.x / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- About Hong Kong --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Geography --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Climate --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Vegetation --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- Wildlife conservation in Hong Kong --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2 --- Land Restoration --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- General processes of restoration --- p.13 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Plantation in Hong Kong quarries --- p.15 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Ecological succession in Hong Kong --- p.16 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Problems in quarry restoration --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3 --- Objectives --- p.18 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Study sites --- p.18 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Soil-plant ecosystem --- p.27 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Insect study --- p.28 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Lepidopteran as a study group --- p.29 / Chapter 1.3.5 --- Odonata as a study group --- p.31 / Chapter 1.4 --- Project Significant --- p.32 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Soil Status in Restored Quarries in Hong Kong --- p.35 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Soil sampling --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Soil analysis --- p.37 / Chapter 2.3 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.39 / Chapter 2.4 --- Results and Discussion --- p.39 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- General properties of soil in the restored quarries --- p.39 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Soil description on different phases among the sites --- p.43 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Soil comparison on different phases with the same age --- p.45 / Chapter 2.5 --- Conclusion --- p.47 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Vegetation Study of Restored Quarries --- p.49 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.49 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.52 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Vegetation survey --- p.52 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Quadrat analysis --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Vegetation description --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- Similarity index --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- Species richness index --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2.3.3 --- Diversity index --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2.3.4 --- Evenness index --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2.3.5 --- Effective number of species --- p.54 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.55 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Vegetation coverage on restored quarries --- p.55 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Vegetation structure and diversity on restored quarries --- p.58 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Ecological indices on various sites --- p.78 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Successful plants at various phases among the sites --- p.80 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- "Tree vs shrubs, native vs exotic" --- p.85 / Chapter 3.4 --- Conclusion --- p.87 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Butterfly Communities on Restored Quarries --- p.89 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.89 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.90 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Pollard-walk method --- p.90 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Statistical analysis --- p.95 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.95 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- General description of the butterfly communities --- p.95 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Uncommon species found on the quarries --- p.99 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Butterfly species found on various phases of the sites --- p.102 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Ecological indices on various sites --- p.114 / Chapter 4.4 --- Conclusions --- p.117 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Moth Communities on Restored Quarries --- p.118 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.118 / Chapter 5 2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.119 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Light trapping method --- p.119 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.120 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- General description of moth community --- p.120 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Ecological indices of moth on various sites --- p.123 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Moth species found on various phases of the sites --- p.129 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Ecological importance of Lepidopterans --- p.142 / Chapter 4.4 --- Conclusion --- p.143 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- General Conclusion --- p.145 / Chapter 6.1 --- Soil Development and Species Diversity --- p.145 / Chapter 6.2 --- Current Status of Restored Quarries in Hong Kong --- p.148 / Chapter 6.3 --- Conservation Value of Restored Quarries --- p.150 / Chapter 6.4 --- Limitation of the study --- p.151 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- Light trap --- p.151 / Chapter 6.4.2 --- Correlation vs causation --- p.153 / Chapter 6.5 --- Area for Further Investigation --- p.154 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- Seed bank analysis --- p.154 / Chapter 6.4.2 --- Other inventories --- p.154 / References --- p.156 / Appendix Odonate Communities on Restored Quarries --- p.170 / Introduction --- p.170 / Materials and Methods --- p.172 / Visual encounter survey --- p.172 / Statistical analysis --- p.172 / Results and Discussion --- p.173 / General description of odonate community --- p.173 / Ecological indices of odonate on various sites --- p.175 / Odonates species on various phases of the sites --- p.179 / Conclusion --- p.183 / References --- p.184

Wong Cheuk Yuet. / Thesis submitted in: July 2003. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 223-233). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.i / ABSTRACT --- p.iv / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.ix / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.xii / LIST OF PLATES --- p.xiv / LIST OF TABLES --- p.xv / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- About the thesis --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Background of Hong Kong --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Geography --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Climate --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Vegetation and their distribution --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Floristic composition --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- Urban development and forestry history --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3 --- Restoration of degraded lands --- p.13 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Importance of restoration --- p.13 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Sites for restoration --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Substratum for restoration in Hong Kong --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Revegetation --- p.19 / Chapter 1.4 --- Species for plantation --- p.20 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Exotics vs. natives --- p.20 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Fields of controversy --- p.23 / Chapter 1.5 --- Project objectives and significances --- p.26 / Chapter 1.6 --- Study sites --- p.27 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Criteria for site selection --- p.27 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Shek O Quarry and Lam Tei Quarry --- p.27 / Chapter 1.6.3 --- Rehabilitation of the quarries --- p.31 / Chapter 1.6.4 --- Site specificity and representativeness --- p.33 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- Characterization of CDG on Site --- p.37 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Soil sampling --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Soil analysis --- p.40 / Chapter 2.3 --- Statistical analysis --- p.42 / Chapter 2.4 --- Results and discussion --- p.43 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Characterization and comparison of soil stock between two sites --- p.43 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Comparison between raw soil and grassed soil --- p.46 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Comparison among phases --- p.49 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Comparison with other studies --- p.56 / Chapter 2.4.5 --- Soil development in two quarries --- p.58 / Chapter 2.5 --- Conclusions --- p.59 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- Natives Performance in Revegetation on CDG - I. Common PlantationSpecies --- p.61 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.61 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.64 / Chapter 3.3 --- Statistical analysis --- p.66 / Chapter 3.4 --- Results and discussion --- p.68 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Height and basal diameter at the beginning of study --- p.68 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Relative growth rates of different ages --- p.72 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Comparison between sites --- p.84 / Chapter 3.5 --- Conclusions --- p.89 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- Natives Performance in Revegetation on CDG ´ؤ II. the Neglected Species --- p.91 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.91 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Seed dispersal and rehabilitation --- p.91 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Conservation and rehabilitation --- p.92 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Framework species --- p.93 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.95 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Species selection --- p.95 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Planting area --- p.97 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Planting scheme --- p.97 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Planting protocol --- p.100 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Field measurements --- p.102 / Chapter 4.3 --- Statistical analysis --- p.106 / Chapter 4.4 --- Results and discussion --- p.107 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- General performance of the planted species --- p.107 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- General inter-specific comparison --- p.116 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Effect of aspect on seedling performance --- p.120 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Effect of elevation on seedling performance --- p.140 / Chapter 4.4.5 --- Overall species evaluation --- p.147 / Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusions --- p.151 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- Further Exploration of Other Potential Pioneer Natives --- p.153 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.153 / Chapter 5.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.155 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results and discussion --- p.156 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Inter-site comparison --- p.161 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Inter-phase comparison --- p.163 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Ranking of species --- p.171 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Invaders for exploration --- p.171 / Chapter 5.4 --- Conclusions --- p.177 / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- Performance of Five Natives under Different N:P Combinations --- p.180 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.180 / Chapter 6.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.181 / Chapter 6.3 --- Statistical analysis --- p.185 / Chapter 6.4 --- Results and discussion --- p.186 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- Height --- p.186 / Chapter 6.4.2 --- Basal diameter --- p.193 / Chapter 6.4.3 --- Leaf number --- p.200 / Chapter 6.4.4 --- Total dry weight --- p.200 / Chapter 6.4.5 --- Aerial and underground dry weight --- p.202 / Chapter 6.4.6 --- "Chlorophyll florescence, stomatal conductance and transpiration" --- p.207 / Chapter 6.4.7 --- General species performance in treatments --- p.214 / Chapter 6.4.8 --- Comparison with seedling performance in field trial --- p.215 / Chapter 6.5 --- Conclusions --- p.216 / Chapter CHAPTER 7 --- General Conclusions --- p.217 / REFERENCES --- p.223 / APPENDIX I --- p.234 / APPENDIX II --- p.235 / APPENDIX III --- p.237 / APPENDIX IV --- p.238 / APPENDIX V --- p.241 / APPENDIX VI --- p.242

Ecological changes in soil covers were studied in terms of physical, chemical and biological properties in the three quarries. Results show that all soils were classified as sand loam in texture, and high bulk density and low total porosity were common problems. Soils were strongly acidic to moderately acidic in reaction. Organic C, total N, extractable NO3 - and extractable cations increased with increasing rehabilitation age, but others did not show similar trends. The results of mineral N flux in soil show that ammonification predominated over nitrification in TH and LT, while nitrification predominated in SO in wet season. In dry season, ammonification predominated over nitrification in all phases, except TH. Net N mineralization increased with age. The results of soil microbial study show that older sites had the highest total microbial abundance and biomass C and N, while those in younger sites were low. Metabolic abilities of soil microbes developed gradually with ages in SO, but TH and LT had the similar patterns of carbon source utilization. The group of G- bacteria dominated in all sites, in which cy19:0 represented more than 15% of the total extracted FAMEs. The group of fungi and AM fungi decreased with increasing ages in the three quarries. / Lacks of seed rain and seed bank were major factors limiting vegetation regeneration. Physical and chemical problems of cover soils are still severe even after 10 years of rehabilitation. Therefore, adding native species with fleshy fruits to attract birds, and leguminous species to assist in the buildup of nitrogen capital should be recommended. Application of organic composts should be considered by quarry contractors and managers during early rehabilitation period to improve soil structure and raise nutrient storage capacities. / To evaluate the ecological succession in the floristic composition and structure of closed quarries, studies of the current vegetation development and seed dynamics were carried out in the three quarries, namely Turret Hill Quarry (TH), Lam Tei Quarry (LT) and Shek O Quarry (SO). The floristic composition shows that the species richness and Shannon index were higher on older phases than other younger phases in the overstorey and understorey vegetation. Although planted exotic species dominated the overstorey at different phases, some native species became more dominant in the understorey, and the importance value of native species accounted for more than 50%. Seed rain results show that older sites had higher seed number and seed species than younger sites. In terms of number of seeds, half were dispersed by birds, while 23% and 27% were dispersed by wind and civets, respectively. Seed germination experiment shows that most species from all twelve woody species had higher germination in SO, though most emerging seedlings finally died under the field condition. In the soil seed bank study, high seed species and density were recorded on older sites. Non-woody species predominated on all phases of the three quarries, but some pioneer tree and shrub species were better represented on older sites. / Zhang, Hao. / Adviser: L.M. Chu. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-02, Section: B, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 238-280). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Landscape Architecture

This thesis is mainly about how we read city as whole. City is a simple word with extremely complex information that interacts to each other. City is where we live. Though this thesis will not be in touch with some deeper topics about city, we can still read city in an unusual way. And this is the purpose for this thesis. / published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Landscape Architecture

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Landscape Architecture

Dwyka tillite quarries in the Province of KwaZulu-Natal have shown remarkable stable slopes faces even though some of them were quarried over 30 years ago. This can be attributed to their resistance to weathering, the high degree of joint surface roughness, the general lack of any joint infill and the limonitic staining found on most weathered joint surfaces. The latter appears to increase joint roughness. The high percentages of joints terminating within the rock mass or against other discontinuities as well as their low persistence results in a high degree of joint interlocking. These are shown to be very important factors contributing to the overall slope stability. Detailed discontinuity surveys were carried out at five different quarries located throughout the KwaZulu-Natal region. Only three of these quarries are presently being quarried. This allowed the study and comparison of joint and slope stability characteristics for both the older, more weathered rock faces and those of the recently quarried, and thus fairly unweathered rock faces. Joint orientation data from the various sites show that two to three sets of high angle joints and one low angle joint set are common. The potential of wedge and planar failure is therefore very high. The steeply dipping discontinuities also promote the potential for flexural toppling failure and this was noted in several of the quarry faces. Recognised geotechnical techniques and computer models were used to establish potential modes of failure and to estimate factors of safety. Wedge failure, at partially saturated and saturated conditions, was identified as being the main source of potential slope instability on the quarry rock faces. The quality of the rock mass of each slope was also classified according to various rock mass classification systems. The rock mass quality generally was rated as being 'fair' to 'good', meaning that slopes are partially stable to stable. The results of each rating system were also compared. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2002.

The purpose of this creative project was to derive and communicate the design process for the reclamation of an active quarry site to a residential community. An examination of existing land reclamation and housing design knowledge was conducted to form the basis for original design theories. The communication and presentation of study recommendations was applied to a case study site: an active sand, gravel, and limestone quarry located near Muncie, Indiana. A methodology was developed to analyze the site for its mining, housing and visual potential. Environmentally responsive strategies to determine rural community structure, lake form design, and housing character were developed. An integration of analyses and design strategies yielded the final land use concept and the associated site development concept. The final product of the study was a reclamation concept plan directing mineral extraction and reclamation efforts toward optimal mining and housing potential. It was the intention of this study to discuss and present its design theories, recommendations, and process in map form capable of explaining the study in its entirety without additional verbal or written communication. / Department of Landscape Architecture