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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Avaliação do potencial antileishmania dos compostos naturais isolados ácido úsnico, cumarin, quercetina e reserpina sobre as formas promastigotas e amastigotas de Leishmania Chagasi

Martins, Amely Branquinho 19 August 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:59:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4714773 bytes, checksum: e1d2845582482ef401e124b0aa366365 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Leishmaniases are a complex of infectious parasitic diseases caused by species of the Leishmania genus. These diseases comprise a large spectrum of manifestations ranging from localized self-healing cutaneous lesions to fatal visceral infections. In Brazil, the visceral leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania chagasi which affects ca. 2 million people every year with estimated 90% of cases occurring in Northeastern. Current treatments of leishmaniasis are based on first line pentavalent antimonials or other drugs like amphotericin B and pentamidine. Toxicity of those drugs, their high sideeffects, besides the high cost of treatment, difficulty for administering them and the surge of resistance are their great drawbacks. These aspects have stimulated the search for new leishmanicide agents, like the isolation and identification of natural compounds which could provide new therapeutic models for the treatment of leishmaniases. It was aimed in the present work a comparative evaluation of potentially antileishmania natural isolate compounds and their action on promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania chagasi by observing the cycle of this parasite in vitro. Assays were carried out with usnic acid, coumarin, quercetin, and reserpine which showed to have significant antileishmanial activity on promastigote forms of Leishmania chagasi, presenting IC50 equal to 0.0417; 1.07; 0.271 and 1.7 mM, respectively. It was possible in our experimental conditions of standardized cultivation of parasites, to establish their life cycle in vitro, by observing their metamorphosis from promastigote to mastigote. The in vitro life cycle was characterized by parasite cultivations with establishment of: 1) lag (initial), log or exponential and stationary stages of promastigotes; 2) transformation of promastigotes to intracellular amastigotes by infection of murine macrophages; this step favoured the promastigotes infectivity; and 3) amastigote isolation and transformation to promastigotes completing the cycle. Furthermore, it was also possible to establish the in vitro transformation of promastigotes in axenic amastigotes of Leishmania chagasi and its use for the evaluation of antileishmanial activity. In this case, the natural compound usnic acid exhibited antileishmanial activity against axenic amastigote forms with IC50 of 1,16 mM. It was not observed any similarity of IC50 on antileishmanial activity of usnic acid and pentamidine between the axenic amastigote and promastigote forms. This demonstrates that it is important to characterize the action of compound on each life form of the parasites. It is concluded that all assayed compounds carried out in this work had antileishmanial activity on promastigote forms, mainly, and the effect of concentration was different between promastigote, of lower IC50 values, and axenic amastigotes forms, of greater IC50 values. / As leishmanioses constituem-se por um complexo de doenças infectoparasitárias, causadas por parasitas do gênero Leishmania, e apresentam um espectro de sintomas variando de simples lesões cutâneas de cicatrização espontânea a lesões viscerais letais. A leishmaniose visceral, causada pela espécie Leishmania chagasi, no Brasil infecta cerca de duas mil pessoas por ano, sendo cerca de 90% dos casos no Nordeste. Os tratamentos atuais são baseados em compostos antimôniais pentavalentes, ou na utilização de outras drogas como a anfotericina B e a pentamidina. A toxicidade desses agentes, com efeitos colaterais graves, o alto custo dos tratamentos, as dificuldades de administração e o surgimento de resistência são grandes desvantagens, tornando essencial a busca por novos agentes leishmanicidas, como a identificação de compostos naturais isolados, que podem fornecer novos modelos terapêuticos no tratamento das leishmanioses. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar comparativamente o potencial antileishmania de compostos naturais isolados sobre as formas promastigotas e amastigotas de Leishmania chagasi, estabelecendo o ciclo do parasito in vitro. Os compostos naturais ensaiados, ácido úsnico, cumarina, quercetina e reserpina apresentaram significativa atividade antileishmania sobre as formas promastigotas de Leishmania chagasi, com IC50 igual a 0,0417; 1,07; 0,271 e 1,7 mM respectivamente. Nas condições de cultivo padronizadas no presente estudo foi possível estabelecer o ciclo de vida in vitro dos parasitos, com passagem destes pelas duas principais formas de vida: promastigotas e amastigotas. O ciclo in vitro foi caracterizado pelo cultivo das promastigotas com estabelecimento: 1) das fases: lag (inicial), log ou exponencial e estacionária dos parasitos; 2) transformação das formas promastigotas em amastigotas intracelulares, pela infecção de macrófagos murinos, o que favoreceu a infectividade das promastigotas; e 3) pelo isolamento das formas amastigotas e transformação destas em promastigotas novamente, completando o ciclo. Além disto, foi também possível estabelecer a transformação in vitro das promastigotas em amastigotas axênicas de L. chagasi e o cultivo das formas axênicas para ensaios de ação antileishmania sobre essa forma. Nesse caso, o composto natural isolado ácido úsnico apresentou atividade antileishmania sobre amastigotas axênicas de L. chagasi, com IC50 igual a 1,16 mM. Não foi observada similaridade da IC50 na atividade antileishmania do ácido úsnico e da pentamidina entre as formas amastigotas axênicas e promastigotas, o que demonstra a importância de caracterizar a ação dos compostos sobre cada forma de vida dos parasitos. Conclui-se que os compostos isolados têm atividade antileishmania sobre as formas promastigotas e o ácido úsnico sobre as formas amastigotas axênicas de L. chagasi.

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