Orientadores: Varese Salvador Timoteo, Edson Luiz Ursini / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Tecnologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T17:38:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LibardiJunior_JoseCarlos_M.pdf: 4110678 bytes, checksum: eee73fe122555a9710247faeceb6f135 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A constante evolução do poder computacional aliada ao baixo custo de aquisição, faz com que os computadores sejam indispensáveis para construção de modelos de simulação. Atualmente, a simulação por computador é usada nas mais diversificadas áreas, como previsão meteorológica, dimensionamento de centrais telefônicas, e estudos aerodinâmicos. A presente dissertação valida e comprova a eficácia de modelos de simulação construídos no software Mathematica 10 por meio do software Arena 14.50. Para isso, foi construído um modelo que, sem focar nas condições reais do sistema, simula de forma hipotética (levando em conta apenas o número de canais de comunicação disponíveis e o tempo de médio duração das chamadas) o tráfego oferecido por chamadas de áudio e vídeo em uma ERB (Estação Rádio-Base) CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) ou GSM (Global System for Mobile) que nesse trabalho, é representada por um sistema de fila. Diversos cenários de tráfego foram analisados utilizando diferentes parâmetros como a quantidade de chamadas ingressantes, tempo de duração da chamada e o número de canais disponíveis. Os resultados finais comprovaram que os modelos de simulação criados no Mathematica 10 são equivalentes aos modelos de simulação construídos no Arena 14.50 / Abstract: The constant evolution of power of computers together with their low cost of aquisition, make them indispensable in building of simulation models. Nowadays, computer simulation is used in a variety of areas such weather forecasting, sizing of telephone stations and in aerodynamic studies. This essay validate and proves the effectiveness of these simulation models built on The Mathematica 10 software with the Arena 14.50. In order to do that, a model was built and without focusing on System s real condition, it simulates in a hypothetical way (considering only the number of communication channels available and average length of the calls) The traffic offered by audio and vídeo calls through a RBS (Radio Base Station) CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) or GSM (Global System for Mobile) which herein is shown through a queue system. Various traffic scenarios were analyzed using different setups, like quantity of incoming calls, length of calls and number of available channels. The final results confirmed that the simulation models built on Mathematica 10 are equivalents to The simulation models built on Arena 14.50 / Mestrado / Tecnologia e Inovação / Mestre em Tecnologia

The 911 emergency response process is a core component of the emergency services critical infrastructure sector in the United States. Modeling and simulation of a complex stochastic system like the 911 response process enables policy makers and stakeholders to better understand, identify, and mitigate the impact of attacks/disasters affecting the 911 system. Modeling the 911 response process as a series of queue sub-systems will enable analysis into how CI failures impact the different phases of the 911 response process. Before such a model can be constructed, the probability distributions of the inter-arrivals of events into these various sub-systems needs to be identified. This research is a first effort into investigating the stochastic behavior of inter-arrival times of different events throughout the 911 response process. I use the methodology of input modeling, a statistical modeling approach, to determine whether the exponential distribution is an appropriate model for these inter-arrival times across a large dataset of historical 911 dispatch records.

Connected Autonomous Vehicles require intelligent autonomous intersection management for safe and efficient operation. Given the uncertainty in vehicle trajectory, intersection management techniques must consider a safety buffer among the vehicles, which must also account for the network and computational delay, queue and determine the best solution to avoid traffic congestions (smart intersection management), in this paper we model traffic by using Poisson distribution method then add a birth-death processes for each state and combine both two in one queuing system (The Markovian chain) to model the traffic.Also, this paper will compare some autonomous vehicles communication techniques in intersections to draw the best scenario for autonomous vehicle network communication in order to reduce the traffic congestion in an intersection.The Connected Autonomous Vehicles and a normal autonomous vehicle, as well from the third line of the intersection a mix between the both will be provided into the intersection.The last section is about applying the results from the first and second research question into a simulator and compare the simulation results to approve the advantage of using the next generation of transportation technology (The connected autonomous vehicles) over the normal conventional vehicles.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Bibliography: leaves 207-213. / by Warren Buckler Powell. / Ph.D.

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Bibliography: leaf 96. / by Philippe Henri Joseph Marguier. / M.S.

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 1979. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Includes bibliographical references. / by Rigoberto Omar Romero. / M.S.

In this thesis, we present three works on queues. In chapter 1, we analyze two non-work-conserving variations of the M/G/1 preemptive LIFO queue, focusing on deriving expressions for the limiting distribution of workload and related quantities. In the first model, preempted customers return to the front of the queue with a new service time, while in the second, they return with their original service time. We use queueing theory methods such as the Rate Conservation Law, PASTA, regenerative process theory and Little's Law. Our results include stability and heavy-traffic limits, as well as tail asymptotics for stationary workload. In chapter 2, we analyze a queueing model with price-sensitive customers, where the service provider aims to maximize revenue and minimize the average queue length. Customers arrive according to a Poisson process, join the queue if their willingness-to-pay exceeds the offered price, and are served in a first-in first-out manner with exponential service times. Our model is applicable to cloud computing, make-to-order manufacturing, and food delivery. We provide performance guarantees for a class of static pricing policies that can achieve a constant fraction of the optimal revenue with a small increase in expected queue length. We present results for the single-server, multi-server, and multi-class cases and provide numerical findings to demonstrate the empirical performance of our policies. In chapter 3, we analyze the Adaptive Non-deterministic Transmission Policy (ANTP), a technique addressing the Massive Access Problem (MAP) in telecommunications, which involves delaying packets at the points of origin to reduce congestion. We frame these delays as time spent at a "cafe" before proceeding to the service facility. We present sample-path results, giving conditions under which ANTP does not change the total sojourn time of packets, and results under a general stochastic framework, focusing on stability and constructing proper stationary versions of the model. We prove Harris recurrence of an underlying Markov process and find positive recurrent regeneration points under i.i.d. assumptions.

This dissertation focuses on the development and analysis of exact simulation algorithms with applications in queueing theory and extreme value analysis. We first introduce the first algorithm that samples max_𝑛≥0 {𝑆_𝑛 − 𝑛^α} where 𝑆_𝑛 is a mean zero random walk, and 𝑛^α with α ∈ (1/2,1) defines a nonlinear boundary. We apply this algorithm to construct the first exact simulation method for the steady-state departure process of a 𝐺𝐼/𝐺𝐼/∞ queue where the service time distribution has infinite mean. Next, we consider the random field 𝑀 (𝑡) = sup_(𝑛≥1) 􏰄{ − log 𝑨_𝑛 + 𝑋_𝑛 (𝑡)􏰅}, 𝑡 ∈ 𝑇 , for a set 𝑇 ⊂ ℝ^𝓂, where (𝑋_𝑛) is an iid sequence of centered Gaussian random fields on 𝑇 and 𝑂 < 𝑨₁ < 𝑨₂ < . . . are the arrivals of a general renewal process on (0, ∞), independent of 𝑋_𝑛. In particular, a large class of max-stable random fields with Gumbel marginals have such a representation. Assume that the number of function evaluations needed to sample 𝑋_𝑛 at 𝑑 locations 𝑡₁, . . . , 𝑡_𝑑 ∈ 𝑇 is 𝑐(𝑑). We provide an algorithm which samples 𝑀(𝑡_{1}), . . . ,𝑀(𝑡_𝑑) with complexity 𝑂 (𝑐(𝑑)^{1+𝘰 (1)) as measured in the 𝐿_𝑝 norm sense for any 𝑝 ≥ 1. Moreover, if 𝑋_𝑛 has an a.s. converging series representation, then 𝑀 can be a.s. approximated with error δ uniformly over 𝑇 and with complexity 𝑂 (1/(δl og (1/\δ((^{1/α}, where α relates to the Hölder continuity exponent of the process 𝑋_𝑛 (so, if 𝑋_𝑛 is Brownian motion, α =1/2). In the final part, we introduce a class of unbiased Monte Carlo estimators for multivariate densities of max-stable fields generated by Gaussian processes. Our estimators take advantage of recent results on the exact simulation of max-stable fields combined with identities studied in the Malliavin calculus literature and ideas developed in the multilevel Monte Carlo literature. Our approach allows estimating multivariate densities of max-stable fields with precision 𝜀 at a computational cost of order 𝑂 (𝜀 ⁻² log log log 1/𝜀).

With the ongoing technology battles and price wars in today's competitive economy, every company is looking for an advantage over its peers. A particular choice of facility layout can have a significant impact on the ability of a company to maintain lower operational expenses under uncertain economic conditions. It is known that systems with less congestion have lower operational costs. Traditionally, manufacturing facility layout problem methods aim at minimizing the total distance traveled, the material handling cost, or the time in the system (based on distance traveled at a specific speed). The proposed methodology solves the looped layout design problem for a looped layout manufacturing facility with a looped conveyor material handling system with shortcuts using a system performance metric, i.e. the work in process (WIP) on the conveyor and at the input stations to the conveyor, as a factor in the minimizing function for the facility layout optimization problem which is solved heuristically using a permutation genetic algorithm. The proposed methodology also presents the case for determining the shortcut locations across the conveyor simultaneously (while determining the layout of the stations around the loop) versus the traditional method which determines the shortcuts sequentially (after the layout of the stations has been determined). The proposed methodology also presents an analytical estimate for the work in process at the input stations to the closed looped conveyor. It is contended that the proposed methodology (using the WIP as a factor in the minimizing function for the facility layout while simultaneously solving for the shortcuts) will yield a facility layout which is less congested than a facility layout generated by the traditional methods (using the total distance traveled as a factor of the minimizing function for the facility layout while sequentially solving for the shortcuts). The proposed methodology is tested on a virtual 300mm Semiconductor Wafer Fabrication Facility with a looped conveyor material handling system with shortcuts. The results show that the facility layouts generated by the proposed methodology have significantly less congestion than facility layouts generated by traditional methods. The validation of the developed analytical estimate of the work in process at the input stations reveals that the proposed methodology works extremely well for systems with Markovian Arrival Processes.

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