Esta dissertação apresenta o desempenho da camada física de um sistema de comunicação sem fio baseado no padrão IEEE 802.16-2004 (WiMAX-fixo), em diferentes configurações e condições de operação. Para este propósito, foi elaborado um simulador da camada física WirelessMAN-OFDM implementado com o uso do aplicativo MATLAB® (versão R2008b) e de sua extensão SIMULINK®. Foram modeladas sete formas distintas para o canal de propagação, associando três tipos básicos de canal (sem desvanecimento, com desvanecimento seletivo e não seletivo em freqüência), duas configurações de mobilidade (sem mobilidade e mobilidade parcial) e duas condições para o ambiente de propagação (externo e interno). A propagação com desvanecimentos causados por multi-percursos empregou as especificações do ITU (International Telecommunications Union), fornecendo uma representação satisfatória de ambientes urbanos macro-celulares e possibilitando a comparação com outros sistemas de comunicação sem fio. Por meio da análise comparativa da taxa de erro de bit e da taxa de transferência efetiva de dados, estudou-se o desempenho dos esquemas de codificação e modulação especificados e a ação do controle adaptativo. O comportamento do WiMAX-fixo quando sujeito a perdas de propagação por multi-percursos e a condições de utilização caracterizadas por aplicações fixas e, adicionalmente, para aplicações parcialmente móveis, foi também avaliado. Assim, essa pesquisa permitiu uma visão complementar do padrão o que possibilitou a determinação de valores customizados para os níveis de SNR empregados no controle adaptativo, além da determinação das capacidades obteníveis nas condições de mobilidade parcial. / This thesis presents the physical layer performance of a wireless communications system based on the IEEE 802.16-2004 standard (fixed-WiMAX), in different configurations and operation conditions. For this purpose, a simulator of WirelessMAN-OFDM physical layer was designed and implemented using MATLAB® application (version R2008b) and its extension SIMULINK®. Seven different profiles for the propagation channel have been modeled, involving three basic types of channel (without fading, frequency-flat fading and frequency selective-fading), two mobility settings (without mobility and partial mobility) and two propagation environment conditions (outdoor and indoor). ITU (International Telecommunications Union) specifications were used for multipath fading propagation, providing a satisfactory representation of urban macro-cellular environments and allowing comparison with other wireless communication systems. Through comparative analysis of bit error rate and throughput, the performance of the specified modulation and coding schemes and the action of adaptive control were evaluated. The behavior of the fixed-WiMAX when subjected to a propagation environment with multipath fading and utilization conditions characterized by stationary applications and by partially mobile applications was also exploited. This research allowed a complementary vision of the standard which enabled the determination of customized values for the SNR levels employed in adaptive control, and furthermore the determination of the obtainable capacity under conditions of partial mobility.

Esta dissertação apresenta o desempenho da camada física de um sistema de comunicação sem fio baseado no padrão IEEE 802.16-2004 (WiMAX-fixo), em diferentes configurações e condições de operação. Para este propósito, foi elaborado um simulador da camada física WirelessMAN-OFDM implementado com o uso do aplicativo MATLAB® (versão R2008b) e de sua extensão SIMULINK®. Foram modeladas sete formas distintas para o canal de propagação, associando três tipos básicos de canal (sem desvanecimento, com desvanecimento seletivo e não seletivo em freqüência), duas configurações de mobilidade (sem mobilidade e mobilidade parcial) e duas condições para o ambiente de propagação (externo e interno). A propagação com desvanecimentos causados por multi-percursos empregou as especificações do ITU (International Telecommunications Union), fornecendo uma representação satisfatória de ambientes urbanos macro-celulares e possibilitando a comparação com outros sistemas de comunicação sem fio. Por meio da análise comparativa da taxa de erro de bit e da taxa de transferência efetiva de dados, estudou-se o desempenho dos esquemas de codificação e modulação especificados e a ação do controle adaptativo. O comportamento do WiMAX-fixo quando sujeito a perdas de propagação por multi-percursos e a condições de utilização caracterizadas por aplicações fixas e, adicionalmente, para aplicações parcialmente móveis, foi também avaliado. Assim, essa pesquisa permitiu uma visão complementar do padrão o que possibilitou a determinação de valores customizados para os níveis de SNR empregados no controle adaptativo, além da determinação das capacidades obteníveis nas condições de mobilidade parcial. / This thesis presents the physical layer performance of a wireless communications system based on the IEEE 802.16-2004 standard (fixed-WiMAX), in different configurations and operation conditions. For this purpose, a simulator of WirelessMAN-OFDM physical layer was designed and implemented using MATLAB® application (version R2008b) and its extension SIMULINK®. Seven different profiles for the propagation channel have been modeled, involving three basic types of channel (without fading, frequency-flat fading and frequency selective-fading), two mobility settings (without mobility and partial mobility) and two propagation environment conditions (outdoor and indoor). ITU (International Telecommunications Union) specifications were used for multipath fading propagation, providing a satisfactory representation of urban macro-cellular environments and allowing comparison with other wireless communication systems. Through comparative analysis of bit error rate and throughput, the performance of the specified modulation and coding schemes and the action of adaptive control were evaluated. The behavior of the fixed-WiMAX when subjected to a propagation environment with multipath fading and utilization conditions characterized by stationary applications and by partially mobile applications was also exploited. This research allowed a complementary vision of the standard which enabled the determination of customized values for the SNR levels employed in adaptive control, and furthermore the determination of the obtainable capacity under conditions of partial mobility.

This document is the result of the research done in preparation for the two thesis-recitals given in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Music Performance. The recitals and the document are devoted to selected art song composers from Great Britain, the United States, and Canada. The purpose of the research was to obtain a historical and stylistic understanding of the repertoire to be performed in the thesis-recitals. The methodology used for the elaboration of this document included review of relevant literature, score analysis, listening to recordings by major performers, and the preparation for performance itself. The first chapter is focused on the fact that Great Britains most distinguished composers have been influenced by musical practices from the European continent. John Dowland, Henry Purcell, Benjamin Britten, and the composers from the so-called British Musical Renaissance are taken into account. The second chapter is dedicated to three major figures in art song composition in the United States: Charles Griffes, Samuel Barber, and Ned Rorem. The chapter highlights the fact that these composers share two important features: their styles have roots in musical practices of continental Europe and today they are considered among the most truly American voices. The third chapter focuses on Jean Coulthard, Violet Archer, and R. Murray Schafer as examples of how Canadian composers have used the European artistic heritage in the process of creating their own styles. The document concludes that, in addition to creativity and personal artistic values, two other factors seem to have been important in allowing this group of composers to become models of the national voice of their own countries: a strong awareness of musical and literary heritage and an open acceptance of foreign influences.

This document is the result of the research done in preparation for the two thesis-recitals given in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Music Performance. The recitals and the document are devoted to selected art song composers from Great Britain, the United States, and Canada. The purpose of the research was to obtain a historical and stylistic understanding of the repertoire to be performed in the thesis-recitals. The methodology used for the elaboration of this document included review of relevant literature, score analysis, listening to recordings by major performers, and the preparation for performance itself. The first chapter is focused on the fact that Great Britains most distinguished composers have been influenced by musical practices from the European continent. John Dowland, Henry Purcell, Benjamin Britten, and the composers from the so-called British Musical Renaissance are taken into account. The second chapter is dedicated to three major figures in art song composition in the United States: Charles Griffes, Samuel Barber, and Ned Rorem. The chapter highlights the fact that these composers share two important features: their styles have roots in musical practices of continental Europe and today they are considered among the most truly American voices. The third chapter focuses on Jean Coulthard, Violet Archer, and R. Murray Schafer as examples of how Canadian composers have used the European artistic heritage in the process of creating their own styles. The document concludes that, in addition to creativity and personal artistic values, two other factors seem to have been important in allowing this group of composers to become models of the national voice of their own countries: a strong awareness of musical and literary heritage and an open acceptance of foreign influences.

This thesis looks at two theories of universalizability: Immanuel Kant's deontological one and R. M. Hare's utilitarian one. It also looks at criticisms of both theories by David Wiggins. It concludes that his arguments against Hare are decisive because the moral theory that follows from Hare's version of the claim that moral judgements must be universalizable is incompatible with several basic requirements on moral theories. Wiggins' criticism of Kant, on the other hand, centres on a technical point that is overcome by an interpretation of Kant's tests for the universalizability of maxims that is given by Onora Nell. Finally the thesis argues that Kant's rational theory of ethics is superior to Wiggins' subjectivist claims because it both reflects our common sense conception of ethics and provides a rational basis for evaluating moral judgements.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Wilmington, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves: [56]-[58])

In this thesis I compare the work of Ronald Dworkin and John Rawls within the context of the 'equality of what?' debate. I argue that the Rawlsian paradigm offers a much more flexible defence of a resourcist approach to egalitarianism than Dworkin's theoI)' of' equality of resources'. I argue that Dworkin's fundamental distinction between persons and circumstances is flawed because it involves commitment to a view of the person which belongs in the realm of' comprehensive moral doctrines', rather than in the realm of a political theory of justice. I also argue that an alternative distinction between choice and luck, expressed in the 'luck-neutralising aim' of egalitarianism, is inappropriate since it too involves transgressing political constraints on theories of justice. Rawls's utilisation of primary goods in his theory of justice is supported by considerations derived from the work of Thomas Scanlon. The schematic picture of relative urgency which Scanlon advances provides the rationale for the use of primary goods, and also allows us to discriminate . between compensation for handicaps and compensation for expensive tastes. Scanlon's schematic picture also frees the utilisation of primary goods from criticisms raised by Amartya Sen. Lastly, I discuss arguments advanced by Susan Hurley which enable an interpretation of Rawls's original position device which is independent of the luck-neutralising aim. Her arguments are extended as a criticism of Dworkin's hypothetical insurance market.

Bacterial type I restriction-modification systems are composed of three different subunits: one HsdS subunit is required for identification of target sequence and anchoring the enzyme complex on DNA; two HsdM subunits in the methyl-transferase complex serve for host genome modification accomplishing a protective function against self-degradation; two HsdR (or motor) subunits house ATP-dependent translocation and consequent cleavage of double stranded DNA activities. The crystal structure of the 120 kDa HsdR subunit of the Type I restriction-modification system EcoR124I in complex with ATP was recently reported. HsdR is organized into four approximately globular structural domains in a nearly square-planar arrangement: the N-terminal endonuclease domain, the RecA-like helicase domains 1 and 2 and the C-terminal helical domain. The near-planar arrangement of globular domains creates prominent grooves between each domain pair. The two helicase-like domains form a canonical helicase cleft in which double-stranded B-form DNA can be accommodated without steric clash. The helical domain, probably involved in complex assembly, exhibits only a few specific interactions with helicase 2 domain. Molecular mechanism of dsDNA translocation, cleavage and ATP hydrolysis has not been yet structurally investigated. Here we propose a translocation cycle of the restriction-modification system EcoR124I based on analysis of available crystal structures of superfamily 2 helicases, strutural modeling and complementary biochemical characterization of mutations introduced in sites potentially inportant for translocation in the HsdR motor subunit. Also a role of the extended region of the helicase motif III in ATPase activity of EcoR124I was probed.

No description available.

Nach Daten des Robert-Koch-Instituts (RKI, Krebs in Deutschland 2015/2016) sind Tumore des Kopf- Hals-Bereichs (ICD-10 C00-C14 und C30-C32) in Deutschland bei Männern das siebthäufigste, bei Frauen das fünfzehnthäufigste Malignom. In den letzten Jahren sind dabei insgesamt leicht sinkende Neuerkrankungs- und Sterblichkeitsraten zu beobachten, wobei es regionale Unterschiede gibt. Während die Sterblichkeit unter männlichen Patienten in den alten Bundesländern gesunken ist, stieg sie in den neuen Bundesländern in den letzten 30 Jahren an. Nachdem die EXTREME-Studie (Vermorken et al., 2008) durch Hinzunahme von Cetuximab zum Duplet aus Cisplatin und 5-Fluoruracil (PFE) eine Verlängerung des Überlebens zeigen konnte, galt dieses Triplet als Standard in der Erstlinientherapie von Plattenepithelkarzinomen der Kopf-Hals-Region. Im Jahr 2020 wurden die NCCN-Leitlinien (Nationale Comprehensive Cancer Network) nach Veröffentlichung der KEYNOTE-048 Studienergebnisse (Burtness et al., 2019) angepasst, wonach sich die Erstlinientherapie nun nach dem CPS-Score richtet, der auf immunhistologischen Untersuchungen des Tumorgewebes beruht. Die Rationale unserer Analysen war die Frage nach dem bleibenden Stellenwert von PFE in der Erstlinientherapie rezidivierter, metastasierter Plattenepithelkarzinome der Kopf-Hals-Region (R/M HNSCC). In unsere retrospektive Studie konnten 124 Patienten des Universitätsklinikums Leipzig mit einem R/M HNSCC, die eine palliative Chemotherapie erhalten hatten, eingeschlossen werden. Die Auswertung der Überlebensdaten erfolgte mithilfe von Kaplan-Meier-Schätzern, Log-Rank-Tests und multivariaten Cox-Regressionen. Wir führten Subgruppenanalysen durch, um eine im klinischen Alltag möglichst handhabbare Beschreibung der Patientengruppen herauszuarbeiten, die in besonderem Maße von PFE profitieren. Ganz allgemein konnten wir feststellen, dass PFE im Gegensatz zu anderen Erstlinientherapien den in Studien beobachteten Überlebensvorteil auch in der klinischen Routine zeigte. Der Überlebensvorteil durch PFE war in unseren Analysen altersabhängig. Über alle Altersschichten hinweg sahen wir ein verlängertes Überleben durch PFE, allerdings zeigte sich dieser Gewinn an Überlebenszeit vor allem bei den jüngeren Patienten. Auch bei einer Teilung des Datensatzes bei 65 Jahren (vgl. Vermorken et al., 2008) konnten wir in beiden Gruppen einen Überlebensvorteil durch PFE sehen. Eine weitere Subgruppenanalyse zeigte, dass die Anzahl der Vorbehandlungen ein prädiktiver Faktor für den Erfolg einer palliativen Chemotherapie ist. Eine Systemtherapie nach genau einer Vorbehandlung weist hierbei im Vergleich zur palliativen Chemotherapie bei Erstdiagnose oder mehr als einer Vorbehandlung den größten prädiktiven Wert für ein verlängertes Überleben auf. Wir konnten weiterhin keinen Hinweis negativer Effekte einer vorangegangenen cisplatin-basierten Chemotherapie feststellen. Dies stellt im Kontext der Diskussion um die Toxizität kumulativer Cisplatin-Dosen einen Erkenntnisgewinn dar. Es zeigte sich, dass durch Hinzunahme weiterer Chemotherapeutika (zum Beispiel Taxane im CeFCiD- Schema PFTE, vgl. Klinghammer et al., 2019) keine weitere Verlängerung des Überlebens erreicht werden konnte. Um Verzerrungen in den Analyseergebnissen zu vermeiden, führten wir Sensitivitätsanalysen, Datenimputationen und Subgruppenanalysen durch. Trotzdem verbleiben einige Limitationen unserer retrospektiven Studie, da eine zufällige Beeinflussung der Ergebnisse durch eine möglicherweise nicht repräsentative Stichprobe nicht endgültig ausgeschlossen werden können. Die Bedeutung unserer Ergebnisse ergibt sich aus den durchgeführten Subgruppenanalysen und der daraus abgeleiteten Beschreibung der Patientengruppen, die einen besonders deutlichen Überlebensvorteil durch PFE zeigen. Wir leiten aus unseren Erkenntnissen einen weiterhin bestehenden, hohen Stellenwert von PFE in der Behandlung rezidivierter, metastasierter Plattenepithelkarzinome der Kopf-Hals-Region ab.:1 Einführung 1.1 Epidemiologie 1.2 Ätiologie und Risikofaktoren 1.3 Therapie der rezidivierten, metastasierten Tumoren der Kopf-Hals-Region 1.4 Rationale für die durchgeführte Studie 1.5 Vorstellung der Ergebnisse unserer Studie und weiterführender Subgruppenanalysen 1.5.1 Der Einfluss des Alters auf die palliative Chemotherapie 1.5.2 Zum Vergleich von Studienpatienten und Patienten aus der klinischen Routine 1.5.3 Der Einfluss von Vorbehandlungen auf die palliative Chemotherapie 1.6 Diskussion unserer retrospektiven Studie 2 Publikation 3 Zusammenfassung der Arbeit 4 Literatur 5 Anlagen Posterbeitrag zur 91. DGHNO-Jahrestagung Spezifizierung des eigenen wissenschaftlichen Beitrags Erklärung über die eigenständige Abfassung der Arbeit Verzeichnis der wissenschaftlichen Veröffentlichungen und Vorträge Lebenslauf Danksagung