Since literature that evaluates the impacts that Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) has on surrounding property values is limited, this research contributes to this research by investigating if proximity to a BRT station has an effect, either positive or negative, on residential housing values. Further, it investigates if the nature and extent of this effect varied during different stages of implementation of the BRT system and different housing market conditions. Fluctuations in sale prices were mitigated based on a six month moving median. Four hedonic price models were then used to evaluate the influence of independent variables on the dependent variable, adjusted sales price. Results indicated that properties that were in an area between 0.4 and 0.8 mile (network distance) away from a BRT station, possessed about a $5,000 premium in sales price during the bust and initial recovery of the real estate market that occurred between 2009 and 2013. Additional results also indicated that in areas where the percentage of households without access to a vehicle increased, sales prices on residential properties also increased. This study did not employ the use of spatial models and concludes that such models should be used in future research to account for spatial autocorrelation. Further, this research suggests that additional geographic variables should be used to evaluate how residents value accessibility to other transportation systems when compared to BRT.

In recent years, investors have become more concerned about where they invest their capital and how to spread the risk among different asset types. The interest in commercial real estates has increased as this market is seen as less volatile than the stock market. Previous research for other economies has found that the commercial real estate market and the stock market do not cointegrate. Therefore it is possible to invest in both asset classes to create diversified portfolios. This thesis examines if such cointegration relationship exist on the Swedish market. Furthermore, the thesis examines the correlation and the lead-lag relationship between the two asset classes. The observed data is quarterly between the years 1994-2013 and the indices used are OMX Stockholm, sold multi-dwelling and commercial buildings, and sold manufacturers industries. To examine if there exist any cointegration between the indices the Engle-Granger 2-step method is used and the lead-lag relationship is tested by using the Granger Causality test. The results from the different tests do not show any short- or long-term relationship between the Swedish stock market and the Swedish commercial real estate market, neither do the assets show any lead-lag relationship. This means that the portfolio risk decreases and it is therefore possible for investors to diversify their portfolios with both short- and long-term time horizons.

Diplomová práce pojednává o aplikaci benchmarkingu z pozice Realitní společnosti České spořitelny. V teoretické části práce je popsán celkový proces strategického řízení, z kterého benchmarking vychází. Poté je dán teoretický základ samotného benchmarkingu (postup, druhy, výhody, nevýhody). V praktické části práce je nastíněna situace Realitní společnosti České spořitelny na realitním trhu, její největší slabiny a je zvolen benchmark pro porovnání. Po samotné aplikaci benchmarkingu (finančního i nefinančního) jsou vyvozeny závěry a doporučení, které by měly vést ke zvýšení výkonnosti společnosti.

The thesis is focused on the area of personal finance and discusses the financing possibilities of an apartment for further renting. The thesis describes the construction of saving products and mortgage loans, law regulation, risks associated with doing business in this field and static as well as analytical methods for assessing investments. The practical part evaluates benefits of investing in a particular apartment in terms of both the above mentioned methods.

My diploma thesis deals with the analysis of yields which are used for finding out the value of the estate by the income approach. In the theoretical part there is the description of the particular approach of the estate valuation and the definition of the basic points going together with the real estate market. There is even the comparison of the methods used in the valuation of the estate with the methods used in the valuation of the business. The practical part deals with the yield analysis, its relationship with another macroeconomic quantity. This work is focused on the development of the yields through the real estate market segments, too.

The aim of the thesis Real Estate Market of Russia is to analyze the real estate market in the Russian Federation with a deeper exploration activities of foreign investors in the Russian real estate market. Thesis theme is very topical and interesting, because among other things, examines the impact of the financial and economic crisis on the real estate market and changes in the interests of foreign investors in the Russian investment projects in real estate and interests of Russian companies abroad. Currently, the real estate market in the Russian Federation is developing very dynamically, it can be said that over the years of crisis and financial instability signed on aggregate supply and demand for real estate in Russia very little. However, at the moment it is merely a statement - proof of this statement is to provide this thesis. The thesis analyzes not only the interest of foreign investors in the real estate market of Russia, but also the interest of Russian investors in the Czech real estate market. Already in the nineties of the twentieth century has seen a significant interest of Russian citizens on housing and commercial real estate in the Czech Republic. It is interesting to explore whether this interest persists to this day and the extent to which the Czech real estate owned by Russian citizens or legal entities whose members are Russian citizens. Another objective of this thesis is to evaluate the real estate market in Russia, with a focus on international development company. This objective will be gradually implemented through the analysis of the current real estate market and evaluate the activities of foreign investors of their share of development projects. The operational objective of the thesis is to evaluate the interests of the citizens of the Russian Federation on real estate in foreign countries (for example, the Czech Republic). Czech Republic was chosen as analyzed state due to good orientation of the author of the thesis in the Czech environment and find out the appropriate options detailed information about the problem. Sub-objectives will be achieved through a detailed analysis of the statistical data of the Czech Statistical Office and also the author's own analysis carried out "in the field". The main hypothesis of this thesis is the claim that the interest of foreign developers in the Russian real estate market is increasing. During the meeting the objectives of the thesis should be stated hypothesis to prove or disprove. The methodological basis of the thesis will consist primarily statistical analysis of data from the Czech Statistical Office and the Russian Federal Statistics Service, as well as data from the media and Russian companies. After selecting the appropriate data and information to analyze existing and ongoing development of real estate markets. Another method used in this thesis, the method of synthesis. With the synthesis of the work will examine the influence of individual factors (financial crisis, negative fluctuations in the economy of Russia, migration processes in Russia) on the real estate market of Russia. In the context of the activities of Russian citizens in the real estate market in the Czech Republic to examine the impact of the liberalization of laws and overall trends in immigration and migration policy of the Czech Republic in question increased interest of Russian investors in real estate projects. The work is logically divided into two parts: theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is focused on general characterization of the terms used in the thesis and their relationships. The theoretical part is to explain the main factors affecting the price of real estate and its variations. The practical part of the thesis focuses on the description and analysis of the current state of the property market in Russia and the Czech Republic. Among other things, describes the current development and privatization processes in Russia in 1990 - 2000. These analyzes and research are part of the practical part.

The Diploma Thesis is based on the Analysis of the real estete market of flats in Brno – mesto focusing on Brno-stred and Brno – Bystrc. Description and characteristics of selected places in Brno – mesto, the analysis of real estate market with flats for selected places, the description of factors affecting the price of flats, the explanation of pricing definitions, the description of the valuation methods and the history of valuation.

The development of ‘Affordable housing’ has become an urgent and important topic of discussion in China. Unlike in western countries where the social welfare system has been set up for many years and the public housing system also is mature, in most of Asian countries, the social welfare systems are still weak in relation to their large amount of low-income populations. The gap between rich and poor is considerable large, and is still increasing; many people with low-income could not afford their own houses since the minimum down-payment and the entry-requirement of real estate market are both increasingly high; the ‘Affordable housing’ is therefore very difficult to be developed appropriately under this circumstances. The thesis provides an overview of the development of ‘affordable housing’ around the world, and a brief introduction of the relevant situation in China, in order to find out some applicable policy suggestions for the development of Guangzhou city’s affordable housing market from such previous experiences. Public housing system in U.S. and Sweden has a strength foundation for many decades, while China is a developing country with the largest population in the world, in order to solve the housing problem, Chinese government start to implement public housing policies and establish the ‘public housing system with Chinese style’. The Guangzhou affordable housing policies are based on the Chinese style public housing system, given the similar culture background and economy foundation, Singapore and Hong Kong’s public housing development process has more value for Guangzhou City Government to learn from. Results from questionnaire and analysis are shown for the current housing statu in Guangzhou City, which reflect some realistic housing problems and it takes a long term for householder to achieve down payment and ‘full house ownership’.

This study examines the factors that affect the decision by home buyers to use real estate brokers and the subsequent effect this decision has on home prices. Buyers with high opportunity costs and the least amount of information about local market conditions are the most likely to use brokers; a finding consistent with the role of the real estate broker as a market intermediary. Not surprisingly, these were some of the same factors that also have a positive impact on selling price. An important finding of this study is that when selection bias is adequately controlled, the real estate broker has no appreciable, independent impact on selling price. This, in turn, suggests a nonsegmented, highly competitive housing market.

La economía moderna ha evidenciado la existencia de crisis financieras provocadas por burbujas especulativas racionales, siendo una de las más sensibles las burbujas inmobiliarias. Los episodios de burbuja, en este trabajo son definidos como períodos explosivos del precio del m2, los cuales no tienen explicación en la evolución de su valor económico. La detección de comportamientos exuberantes en los mercados financieros y la ejecución de pruebas especializadas de detección son de suma importancia. Este documento aplica la metodología de detección de burbujas expuesta por Phillips, Shi y Yu (2012) al mercado inmobiliario de Lima para dos series de distritos los cuáles son denominados “sector alto” (5 distritos) y “sector medio” (10 distritos). Los resultados muestran la existencia de un período de burbuja de precios a partir de los años 2012 y 2013 para la serie de 5 distritos y 10 distritos respectivamente. Este resultado se mantiene para varias pruebas de robustez, como por ejemplo, distintas ventanas de regresión, segmentos de precio y métodos alternativos para generar las pruebas de detección. / The modern economy has evidenced the existence of financial crises caused by rational speculative bubbles, one of the most sensitive being property bubbles. The bubble episodes, in this paper are defined as explosive periods of the m2 price, which have no explanation in the evolution of its economic value. The detection of exuberant behaviors in the financial markets and the execution of specialized detection tests are very important. This document applies the bubble detection methodology set forth by Phillips, Shi and Yu (2012), to the Lima real estate market for two series of districts which are called "high sector" (5 districts) and " middle sector” (10 districts) The results show the existence of a price bubble period from 2012 and 2013 for 5 districts and 10 districts respectively. This result is permanent for various robustness tests, such as different regression windows, price segments, and alternative methods of generating the tests. / Trabajo de investigación