Thesis (M.S.)--Duke University, 2001. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 157-160). Also issued online.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2001. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 206-217). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 453-468). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Studien undersöker om det är någon skillnad mellan en ny generation av Global Navigation Satellite Systems-instrument (GNSS) vad avser noggrannhet vid positionsbestämning och huruvida det är någon tidsskillnad i användande av de olika instrumenten. I studien jämförs det instrument som används idag av Lantmäteriet, Leica Viva CS15 och GS15, med nyare Trimble GeoExplorer 6000 XR. GeoExplorern kan användas antingen med en inbyggd antenn eller med en extern antenn för att ta emot satellitsignaler. Båda konfigurationerna är undersökta i studien.Studien genomfördes genom att etablera två lokala stomnät med satsmätning, för att få "facit"-punkter att jämföra GNSS-mätningarna mot. Näten transformerades in i SWEREF 99 12 00 med hjälp av statisk GNSS-mätning. Därefter mättes alla punkter i näten in 30 gånger per punkt med vart och ett av GNSS-instrumenten, för att få ett statistiskt säkert underlag.Resultatet visar att Trimble med extern antenn generellt hade minst spridning (0,009-0,020 meter i dolt nät och 0,008-0,013 meter i öppet nät) men den hade överlag ett något större avstånd från "facit"-punkten än Leican (0,016-0,088 meter i dolt nät och 0,032-0,054 meter i öppet nät). Leica-instrumentet hade istället mer spridning (0,021-0,142 meter i dolt nät och 0,014-0,032 meter i öppet nät) men mindre avvikelse från "facit"-punkten (0,006-0,076 meter i dolt nät och 0,019-0,059 meter i öppet nät). Trimble med intern antenn hade störst spridning (0,021-0,038 meter i dolt nät och 0,013-0,048 meter i öppet nät) och avvek också mest från "facit"-punkten (0,026-0,083 meter i dolt nät och 0,024-0,068 meter i öppet nät).En tidsstudie genomfördes också genom att mäta tiden det tog från att instrumentet var påslaget tills att det var färdigt att mätas med, det vill säga tills initieringen var färdig. Tidsstudien resulterade i att Leica Viva var i genomsnitt 12 % snabbare då omgivningen var fri från hinder, och i genomsnitt 21 % snabbare då närområdet var bevuxet med träd och buskar.Slutsatsen av projektet är att instrumenten är likvärdiga vad gäller kvalitet på mätningar och tidsåtgång. Den stora skillnaden finner vi i vikt och tyngdpunkt på instrumenten, där Trimble med intern antenn har den lägsta vikten. / This study examines whether there is any difference in a new generation of Global Navigation Satellite System instruments (GNSS) in the accuracy of positioning and whether there is any time difference when using the different instruments. The study compares the instruments used today by Lantmäteriet, the Leica Viva CS15 and the GS15, with the Trimble GeoExplorer 6000 XR. The GeoExplorer can be used either with an integrated or an external antenna to receive satellite signals, both configurations are investigated in this study. The study was carried out by establishing two core networks with set measurements, to obtain "true" coordinates to compare against the measurements made with the GNSS-instruments. The networks were transformed into SWEREF 99 12 00 using static GNSS surveying. Then each point was measured 30 times by each of the GNSS instruments, in order to get statistically reliable data. The result shows that Trimble with an external antenna generally had the best precision (0,009-0,020 meters in the shrouded network and 0,008-0,013 meters in the open network) but had less accuracy (0,016-0,088 meters in the shrouded network and 0,032-0,054 meters in the open network), in other words a greater distance from the "true" coordinate. The Leica instrument had a lower precision (0,021-0,142 meters in the shrouded network and 0,014-0,032 meters in the open network), but better accuracy (0,006-0,076 meters in the shrouded network and 0,019-0,059 meters in the open network). Trimble with the internal antenna had the lowest precision (0,021-0,038 meters in the shrouded network and 0,013-0,048 meters in the open network) and accuracy (0,026-0,083 meters in the shrouded network and 0,024-0,068 meters in the open network). A time course study was also conducted by measuring the time it took from the point where the instrument was turned on, to when the initialization was completed. The result of the time study was that the Leica Viva was about 12 percent faster when the environment was free of obstacles, and around 21 percent faster when the immediate area was more forest like with trees and bushes. The conclusion of the project is that the instruments are equivalent in terms of quality of measurements and time. The big difference is found in the weight and center of gravity of the instruments, where Trimble with internal antenna has the lowest weight.

This dissertation proposes new methods to improve the efficiency of electricity markets with respect to market monitoring and reserve allocation. We first present new approaches to monitor the level of competition in electricity markets, a critical task for helping the markets function smoothly. The proposed approaches are based on economic principles and a faithful representation of transmission constraints. The effectiveness of the new approaches is demonstrated by examples based on medium- and large-scale electric power systems. We then propose a new system-operation model using stochastic optimization to systematically allocate reserves under uncertainty. This model aims to overcome the difficulties in both system and market operations caused by the integration of wind power, which results in a higher degree of supply uncertainty. The numerical examples suggest that the proposed model significantly lower the operation costs, especially under high levels of wind penetration. / text

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

abstract / Biological Sciences / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Sustainability has been characterized and explored mostly from an environmental standpoint, with relatively less attention paid to social and economic dimensions. Because many sustainability organizations have grown out of the environmental movement, they tend to emphasize environmental priorities and retain many of the organizational strategies that were pioneered when the focus was on environmental conservation. However, to attain a more socially and economically informed environmental practice, broader procedural aspects, including recognition and participation, and substantive aspects, including issues of social need, distribution of wealth, and economic opportunity, need to be addressed as these matters are intimately linked to environmental concerns. In this thesis, I examined sustainability organizations against the concept of ‘just sustainability’, with specific consideration paid to uniting the substantive concerns of sustainability with the procedural concerns of environmental justice. I focused my examination on model forests and UNESCO biosphere reserves located in the Maritime Provinces of Canada, an area of high economic vulnerability and low political power. By looking to governance directives from environmental justice, entrepreneurship, and community development, I conducted a multi-case study analysis with organizations that have a mandate to address the environmental, social and economic imperatives of sustainability. Through engaging these organizations in a comparative learning situation, I was able to achieve the following objectives, to: i) assess the governance strategies used within these organizations against just sustainability theory; ii) understand the challenges faced by place-based organizations and examine strategies to better improve local understanding, community empowerment, as well as sustainability outcomes; and iii) assess the feasibility - conceptually and empirically – of incorporating social entrepreneurship into the governance practices of sustainability organizations to bring together the benefits of both approaches. The findings of this thesis make valuable contributions to the empirical evidence needed to advance our understanding of just sustainability, both conceptually and in practice. Overall, my findings point to the importance of understanding and improving our practice of sustainability governance through identifying and offering examples of innovative governance arrangements that are better able to address procedural and substantive concerns. Findings show that the stakeholder model typically used by biosphere reserves and model forests contributes to systemic challenges that limit procedural justice in these organizations. By looking to other literatures, including community development and social entrepreneurship, and to lessons learned from other place-based organizations, I propose ways to adapt governance strategies to improve community engagement and organizational outcomes, including a framework to inform place-based governance for just sustainability and a “hybrid model” that captures the benefits of stakeholder representation and social enterprise. This study speaks to the need for researchers and practitioners seeking to advance sustainability governance to extend their understanding beyond environmental sustainability to embrace more social dimensions. This thesis demonstrates the value of looking to broad literatures and new models to inform sustainability governance and encourage the adoption of new ways of thinking, new strategies, and new tools to help advance sustainability.

published_or_final_version / Earth Sciences / Master / Master of Philosophy

No description available.