Examensarbetet utfördes på uppdrag av ABB i Ludvika. ABB vill öka effektiviseringen förhanteringen av inkommande gods. Detta för att det mesta sker manuellt i dagens läge och det tarmycket tid och kan resultera i felkällor.Arbetet har två syften. Det första syftet är att förändra del av verksamheten, genom att kommamed ett förändringsförslag när det gäller godshanteringen. Det andra syftet är att jämförastreckkoder och RFID för att se vilket alternativ som passar bäst.För att få fram ett förändringsförslag har vi jobbat med FA/SIM-metoden.Vi har tagit fram ett antal förändringsförslag nedan följer ett urval av dessa:• Ställa krav på leverantörerna att de skall använda streckkoder med rätt standard Code128.• Utforma tydliga och enkla kravspecifikationer för att enklare kunna ta till sig.• Förbättra nuvarande kundrelationer. Genomför en uppföljning med jämna mellanrum föratt se hur kundrelationerna sköts.

Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) Tags have become quite widespread in many services in the industry such as access control, parcel and document tracking, distribution logistics, automotive systems, and livestock or pet tracking. In these applications, a wireless communication link is provided between a remote transponder (antenna and integrated circuit (IC)) and an interrogator or reader. A suitable antenna for these tags must have low cost, low profile and especially small size whereas the bandwidth requirement (few kilohertz to megahertz) is less critical. In this document, methods to reduce tag size, the performance optimization of the tag by using novel antenna matching techniques for increased operational bandwidth and gain/radiation pattern/radiation efficiency improvement are introduced for 13.56 MHz HF and 915 MHz UHF RFID tags.In addition, an evaluation of an active 915 MHz UHF RFID field study for container tracking at the port of Savannah, GA is also presented.

<p>RFID-tekniken har under de senaste åren uppmärksammats allt flitigare av företag som tror sig ha användning för det i sin verksamhet. En kategori av företag som skulle kunna ha stor nytta av tekniken är tillverkande industri, bland annat i sin materialhantering. En undersökning visar att många sådana företag vet att tekniken finns men att graden av kunskap om teknikens möjligheter och brister är starkt varierande.</p><p>Detta arbete har studerat vilka brister och problem som uppmärksammats av de företag inom denna kategori som redan idag använder tekniken. Arbetet har bestått av intervjuer av ett antal sådana företag och även av leverantörer av RFID-utrustning.</p><p>De företag som ingår i undersökningen inte upplevt några av de problem som arbetet behandlar men leverantörernas erfarenheter visar att problem finns och att det kräver stor yrkeskunskap och erfarenhet för att komma runt dem.</p>

回顧過去十年，整個企業環境和物流市場已經歷了很大的改變。 根據一項問卷調查資料顯示，在美國的第三方物流市場，已經由1996年的310億成長到2004年的850億。 因應廣泛產業中各個公司不斷地增加需求，物流市場也同樣地擴大它的服務範圍，尤其是針對需要跨國物流服務的顧客。 第三方物流產業一直不斷地成長， 目前提供第三方物流業者當務之急就是擴充服務區域，增加服務項目以滿足顧客現在和未來的需求；整合資訊技術，並開發與顧客和其他企業公司之間的關係以應未來的成長和擴充。我們期待在以後的幾年，能看到供應和使用委外物流的服務，有大幅的改變和加強。 RFID 的技術一直發展地非常快速， 全世界最大的零售商 Wal-Mart自2004年開始將RFID導入其物流供應鏈後，經過了2年時間，Wal-Mart的RFID成果已然浮現，自導入RFID後，其門市缺貨比例降低了16%，補貨速度提高3倍 、門市補貨效率加快63%、門市平均庫存量則降低了10%，顯著的導入績效讓Wal-Mart決定擴大計畫。 Wal-Mart以第二方物流角色成功地導入RFID ，並能帶領其他製造廠商和零售業者相繼的投入RFID的技術。 本文中的RFID的個案，是以目前某第三方物流公司的實際運輸環境為Pilot對象，希望藉此測試能夠定訂出支援RFID所需的電腦基礎架構。確定使用RFID的技術和設備相關的限制，並提供建議做為日後導入RFID的依據。同樣的測試方法也適用於一般物流倉儲管理。 在台灣我們沒有像Wal-Mart和EPC這樣大的零售商和單位， 所以政府機關應該支持相關單位導入RFID。 同時政府也應該主動加強與EPCglobal這樣的國際組織合作，參與制定RFID的標準與規範。 建議政府發起類似像Future Store， 由歐洲第三大貿易及零售公司- METRO Group 建造在德國的未來商店，這樣的專案計畫，結合製造商、零售商、配送商，推展 RFID 在物流的應用。 製造商、零售商和配送商能了解RFID 的價值，及RFID對企業的好處，經由第三方物流公司的整合與加值服務，以滿足顧客的需求。 關鍵詞：第三方物流、RFID / Looking back over the past decade, the overall business environment and the logistics sector has experienced significant change. The US 3PL logistics market grew from an estimated US$31 billion in 1996 to US$85 billion in 2004. In response to the expanding needs of companies across a broad range of industries, the logistics sector is being asked to expand its services for customers with global logistics needs. This has created a growing market for comprehensive, global 3PL services. The 3PL industry is still growing. Among the priority currently facing 3PL providers are regional expansion, broadening services to meet the needs of current and future customers, integrating information technologies, and developing relationships with customers and other business firms that will facilitate the growth and expansion that lies ahead. We expect to see in the years ahead significant changes and enhancements to the provision and use of outsourced logistics services. RFID technology is developing fast. Wal-Mart, the biggest retailer in the world today, uses RFID technology to resolve the bottleneck at the receiving end that makes receiving hugely easier. RFID allows Wal-Mart to track any pallet or box at each stage in its supply chain and know exactly what product from which manufacturer is inside, with what expiration date. RFID also helps Wal-Mart to keep the products on the shelf more often and allow quicker remixing of the supply chain in response to events. Wal-Mart is the most successful 2PL company that deployed full RFID system. We can share this story with other manufacturing companies and retailers so RFID can be deployed among them. The objective of the sample pilot case in this paper is to facilitate the RFID in a live transportation environment to identify the IT architecture and infrastructure necessary to support RFID. To identify limitations in RFID technology and equipment and to make recommendations for further development and roll-out. It can also be applied in a warehouse. Simply by creating RFID fields at every inbound and outbound point it will eventually be possible to monitor the exact movements of every pallet, carton or item during its time in store and in 4 transit through an integrated cross docking system. In Taiwan, we don’t have a big retailer company such as Wal-Mart, or a large organization such as EPCglobal, therefore, local government and its related departments must support the deployment of RFID and collaborate with EPCglobal international organization. Local government shall also initiate and sponsor the concept of “Future Store”, built by METRO Group in Germany, to educate our manufacturers, retailers and distributors the value of RFID and the business benefits of RFID. As to 3PL, it is suggested that 3PL providers need to focus on what they do best. That is, 3PL providers must deliver value for their core services. After that, 3PL providers need to understand the businesses of the industries and to build strong capability in logistics and integrate its global capabilities. Therefore, 3PL providers can provide their RFID solutions to meet their customers’ needs. Keywords: 3PL, RFID

輸血安全在國內外一直都是非常受重視的議題，然而輸血錯誤問題卻仍時有所聞。根據國內2003年調查顯示，醫療不良事件中，輸血錯誤比率高達4%。初步探究輸血錯誤發生之原因，除了發生在醫院內保存及輸血過程的疏失外，採血單位(捐血中心)採血、檢驗與血品分離過程、運送保存過程等等之人為疏失，所有環節只要稍有疏忽，就可能造成無法彌補的錯誤。 本研究目的主要探討藉由RFID技術的導入，對整體採血到輸血流程在「流程管理」、「時間效益」、「品質確保」及「經濟效益」等方面所可產生之效益。 為了解實際流程與真正影響效益的因素，選定採血及輸血單位，針對採血到輸血之流程現況進行個案訪談。訪談結果藉由UML統一塑模語言進行企業流程塑模(Business Process Modeling)，並進行血袋相關流程萃取，以個別探討血袋R化後之效益評估。 經由本研究分析，得到結論如下：RFID的導入對流程管理、時間效益、經濟效益等方面改善都很有限，只有在醫療品質確保方面，可獲得比較顯著的效益。但畢竟人命關天，只要因此就能多救活或少犧牲幾條寶貴的生命，也是相當值得。 本研究同時也建議由相關中央政府機關來統籌規劃建置以EPC網路架構為基礎的血袋資訊流通共通平臺，血袋才能獲得有效率的流通，而不會浪費了許多捐血人的善意。此外，在醫院中也必須擴大使用RFID，特別是病患識別腕帶，才能收到加乘綜效。

Universiẗat, Diss.--St. Gallen, 2005.

Univ., Diplomarbeit--Freiburg (Breisgau), 2004. / Literaturverz. S. 139 - 145.

Free2Move AB is developing products for the market within wireless communication and identification, among those active RFID-tags. The company had an idea about providing one of their active RFID tags with a GPS receiver and transmit positions via an existing RFID protocol. Desire from the company was also the possibility to log positions and measure temperature. The finished prototype should also be able to be activated by movement. The company had proposal about components that were to be used in the project. A large part of the work was to understand how these worked and how to combine them to fulfill the requirements established in agreement with supervisor at Free2Move. A PIC microcontroller was used in the design of the prototype and software implemented for communication with GPS, RFID tag and other components. The result was a working prototype where an existing RFID tag was integrated in the same printed circuit board layout as the GPS receiver and other components that were used in the project.

In this document we are analyzing and modelling Mobile Payments System (further MPS). This type of system is based on new technologies. It is created in order to simplify every day’s usual small payments for different services. MMS also can offer to its users new service like access control, e-ticket and etc. Services that require small payments are integrated into one payments management system. The usage of the created system is simple and easy. The clients of the system are all users that use daily services such us car parking, city transport, theatre, cinema and other services where you don‘t need big money to pay for services. The users have to have mobile phone with SIM and integrated RFID card. Payment is very easily done, once you picked a service you can put your phone close to terminal and money are deducted from your e-account on the RFID fare card. A lot of service providers should be interested in this type of system. Because it can give cost reductions, it’s better and faster manageable, service providers can earn more from those value added services. MMS is also useful for the user, because he doesn’t need to carry with him small cash money, he can use his mobile with SIM and RFID as mobile-wallet which holds his e-money, e-ticket, access to office card.

Radio frequency identi cation (RFID) is a rapidly emerging technology that enables au- tomatic remote identi cation of objects. Passive and semi-passive RFID systems can be distinguished from other forms of wireless systems, because the RFID tags (transponders) communicate by way of backscatter. In addition, passive tags derive their energy from the RF energy emitted by the reader. RFID technology can provide a fully automated data capture and analysis system. Compared to a passive RFID system, an open platform semi-passive UHF RFID tag can provide identi cation, security, low-power (compared to a wireless sensor net- work(WSN)), medium range and medium processing speed. However, the eld of semi- passive RFID is still under development, and has yet there are no open development platforms available. This thesis develops a prototype of a semi-passive UHF RFID tag that is compatible with the leading UHF RFID standard EPCglobal Gen 2 Class 1. I alsot has the exible I2C and analog digital converter(ADC) interface, which allows the additional of external analog and digital sensors. The sensor data can be read by microcontroller and stored at memory. Standard reader can get sensor data by sending QUERY and READ command to tag. Test results of our open platform semi-passive UHF RFID tag demonstrated that it can achieve a read rate above 50% when an open platform semi-passive UHF RFID tag is placed four meters from the reader antenna and the reader output power is set to 21 dBm. In addition, the proposed semi-passive open platform RFID tag consumes very little power (4.9 mA in 2V with system frequency set to 8MHz).