This PhD research has furnished the occasion to update the outdated works about Late Roman coinage focusing especially on a topic not so commonly examined like the Late Roman silver coinage. More precisely, it is analysed and discussed some of its more intriguing aspects. First of all how silver, as metal, was considered and perceived in Late Roman society and, therefore, why during fifth century AD silver bullion was used to produce fine silver objects rather than coins. Two different Late Roman customs concerning silver coinage are then reviewed: hoarding, with a list of most recent findings, and clipping. Finally a chapter is dedicated to the metrology and fineness of Late Roman silver coins together with an accurate analysis of the 7 different denominations. This extensive and deep discussion about Late Roman silver coinage's main problematics is completed by the most recent and updated catalogue of all the Late Roman silver denominations known so far. Such a review has given not only the possibility of updating or modifying some of the previous theories but also the opportunity to suggest some new ideas. --------------------------------------- Podrobně jsou zkoumány některé konkrétní zásadsní otázky, především jakým způsobem bylo v pozdně římské společnosti vnímáno stříbro jako kov a proč tedy...

This dissertation investigates how the category of gender difference was mobilised as a practice of power at the early modern court. It argues that gender was not simply a relational category affecting who could participate in early modern politics in what ways, but that it constituted a crucial and active resource of dynastic power. This subject of study is opened up through a case study of the court of Württemberg in the subsequent reigns of Dukes Friedrich I and his son Johann Friedrich, which span the period of time from 1593 to 1628. The reign of Duke Friedrich I was a time of political reform, which saw the influence of the local estates curtailed and an extroverted foreign policy pursued, whilst the duke concurrently entertained several extramarital affairs in contention with Lutheranism’s prescriptions. His son Johann Friedrich clearly took exception to his father's lifestyle, since, at Friedrich's premature death in 1608, he imprisoned a number of his father's mistresses and procuresses. He was forced to let the majority of these women go again quite quickly, keeping only one suspected procuress in custody, whose case was to drag on until 1618. Johann Friedrich's mother Duchess Sibylla, who had borne fifteen children to Friedrich and thus became the Stammesmutter of a new Württemberg dynastic line, was involved in these dealings. The contrast of these two differently structured approaches to rulership allows for the investigation of the power dynamics of monogamy and polygamy in one coherent case study. Württemberg is an interesting location for this research since it was a large and important territory of southern Germany, which came to be deeply involved in Protestant resistance in the worsening religious strife leading up to the Thirty Years’ War. Documents ranging from court ordinances, festival descriptions and servants registers, to courtly correspondences, juridical supplications and declarations have been consulted. This broad range of primary sources facilitates the investigation of the salience of gender difference both in the context of a courtly system heading a polity, as well as on the level of individual actors whose personhood was intricately entwined with their gendered identities. It is argued here that it is imperative to avoid a fragmentation within court studies into gender and women’s history on the one side and political approaches on the other, in order to maximise our understanding of the practice of power located at early modern courts. Gender difference complicated and further differentiated courtly status hierarchies and lent flexibility to increasingly rigid sets of dynastic rules about reproduction, succession, and etiquette, which had a beneficial impact on the longevity of the dynastic system.

O presente trabalho intitula-se Valério Máximo, Roma e o outro: imagens da Grécia em Roma no século I d.C.. Tem por objetivo analisar, dentro da obra Feitos e Ditos Memoráveis de Valério Máximo, escritor romano do século I d.C., as diferentes formas de representação dos gregos e de sua influência cultural. Pretendemos apresentar duas visões axiais presentes no texto. Uma apresenta a Grécia sob uma imagem positiva, reconhecendo as numerosas contribuições da cultura grega aos romanos. A outra, negativa, vê os gregos como potencialmente corruptores, e procura rotulá-los com defeitos. Há uma utilização pragmática destes dois tropoi retóricos. Esses variam de acordo com a necessidade do autor de ilustrar um dado feito ou dito memorável sob um tema predeterminado, como "sobre os ingratos", por exemplo. Os Feitos e Ditos Memoráveis possuem grande variedade de assuntos e uma organização por temática, constituindo assim um importante registro dos temas relevantes na cultura romana na primeira metade do século I d.C.. O presente trabalho foi realizado com o apoio do CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - Brasil, sob a forma da concessão de Bolsa de Mestrado. / The following work is entitled Valerius Maximus, Rome and the other: images of Greece in Rome in the first century AD. It aims to analyse, in the work Memorable Doings and Sayings of Valerius Maximus, Roman writer of the first century AD, the different representations of the Greeks and their cultural influence. We intend to present two main approaches, as they appear depicted in the text. The first one presents Greece under a positive image, recognizing the many contributions of Greek culture to the Romans. The other, negative, sees Greeks as potential corruptors, and intends to criticize them. There is a pragmatic use of those two rhetorical tropoi. They vary according to the author´s need to illustrate a given memorable deed or saying under a predetermined theme, such as "on the ungrateful" for instance. The Memorable Doings and Sayings encompasses a large variety of matters, and a thematical organization, thus constituting an important record of relevant themes in Roman culture on the first half of the first century AD. This work was done with the support of the National Council for Scientifical and Technological Development - CNPq - Brazil, through the concession of a Mastery scholarship.

Este trabalho se chama A disputa em torno da memória da morte do imperador romano Juliano Augusto, dito “o Apóstata”, expressa nos séculos IV e V d.C. Tem como objetivo visualizar as maneiras com que diversos autores trataram deste tema. Um tema polêmico, visto que Juliano foi o último soberano pagão do Império Romano, sendo, por conseguinte, ponto nodal de disputas ideológicas e de apropriações diversas. Para atingir tal objetivo, analisa-se individualmente cada autor, bem como sua obra. / This work is titled The dispute on the memory of the death of the Roman Emperor Julian Augustus, the so-called “Apostate”, as it was expressed during the 4th and 5th centuries AD. It has, as a goal, to study the ways with which many diverse authors treated this topic. A polemical one, since Julian was the last pagan sovereign of the Roman Empire, being, as a result, the nodal point of ideological disputes and diverse appropriations. To achieve this goal, each author, as well as their work, is individually studied.

Este trabalho se chama A disputa em torno da memória da morte do imperador romano Juliano Augusto, dito “o Apóstata”, expressa nos séculos IV e V d.C. Tem como objetivo visualizar as maneiras com que diversos autores trataram deste tema. Um tema polêmico, visto que Juliano foi o último soberano pagão do Império Romano, sendo, por conseguinte, ponto nodal de disputas ideológicas e de apropriações diversas. Para atingir tal objetivo, analisa-se individualmente cada autor, bem como sua obra. / This work is titled The dispute on the memory of the death of the Roman Emperor Julian Augustus, the so-called “Apostate”, as it was expressed during the 4th and 5th centuries AD. It has, as a goal, to study the ways with which many diverse authors treated this topic. A polemical one, since Julian was the last pagan sovereign of the Roman Empire, being, as a result, the nodal point of ideological disputes and diverse appropriations. To achieve this goal, each author, as well as their work, is individually studied.

O presente trabalho intitula-se Valério Máximo, Roma e o outro: imagens da Grécia em Roma no século I d.C.. Tem por objetivo analisar, dentro da obra Feitos e Ditos Memoráveis de Valério Máximo, escritor romano do século I d.C., as diferentes formas de representação dos gregos e de sua influência cultural. Pretendemos apresentar duas visões axiais presentes no texto. Uma apresenta a Grécia sob uma imagem positiva, reconhecendo as numerosas contribuições da cultura grega aos romanos. A outra, negativa, vê os gregos como potencialmente corruptores, e procura rotulá-los com defeitos. Há uma utilização pragmática destes dois tropoi retóricos. Esses variam de acordo com a necessidade do autor de ilustrar um dado feito ou dito memorável sob um tema predeterminado, como "sobre os ingratos", por exemplo. Os Feitos e Ditos Memoráveis possuem grande variedade de assuntos e uma organização por temática, constituindo assim um importante registro dos temas relevantes na cultura romana na primeira metade do século I d.C.. O presente trabalho foi realizado com o apoio do CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - Brasil, sob a forma da concessão de Bolsa de Mestrado. / The following work is entitled Valerius Maximus, Rome and the other: images of Greece in Rome in the first century AD. It aims to analyse, in the work Memorable Doings and Sayings of Valerius Maximus, Roman writer of the first century AD, the different representations of the Greeks and their cultural influence. We intend to present two main approaches, as they appear depicted in the text. The first one presents Greece under a positive image, recognizing the many contributions of Greek culture to the Romans. The other, negative, sees Greeks as potential corruptors, and intends to criticize them. There is a pragmatic use of those two rhetorical tropoi. They vary according to the author´s need to illustrate a given memorable deed or saying under a predetermined theme, such as "on the ungrateful" for instance. The Memorable Doings and Sayings encompasses a large variety of matters, and a thematical organization, thus constituting an important record of relevant themes in Roman culture on the first half of the first century AD. This work was done with the support of the National Council for Scientifical and Technological Development - CNPq - Brazil, through the concession of a Mastery scholarship.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:17:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Rafael Costa Campos.pdf: 341568 bytes, checksum: d10469953df0b872b1e82b5d3aeaf26c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-04 / This dissertation has as objective to establish an analysis about the essential positive aspects of the political administration of the Emperor Tiberius Caesar Augustus during his government (14 37 A.D), throughout the historical narrative of Publius Cornelius Tacitus (55 117? A.D) in his Annals. We show a discussion distributed in three chapters: the first chapter intends to be a presentation of biographical data of the author, of the principal characteristics which composes the formulation of his historical writing, its fundamental interests and the observation of the elements that show up in first instance the characterization that him makes of Tiberius Caesar Augustus. On the second chapter there is an analysis of the essential negative aspects about the Emperor showed up by Tacitus in his book, held up in a historiographical revision of the most important considerations composed by researchers of this subject. On the third chapter we intend to establish a counterpoint which shows positive aspects of the imperial administration of Tiberius Caesar Augustus, emphasizing the lavishness to private individuals and to the extent of City of Rome s population and provinces, just like the undertaking of public buildings, temples and others measures of administrative matter. / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo estabelecer uma análise sobre os principais aspectos positivos da administração política do Imperador Tibério César Augusto durante o seu governo (14 37 d.C.), por meio da narrativa do historiador latino Públio Cornélio Tácito (55 117? d.C.) em seus Anais. Apresentamos uma discussão distribuída em três capítulos: o primeiro capítulo trata-se de uma apresentação de dados biográficos do autor, das principais características que compõem a formulação de sua escrita histórica, os seus principais interesses e a observação dos elementos que evidenciam em primeira instância a caracterização que este faz de Tibério César Augusto. No segundo capítulo encontram-se uma análise dos principais aspectos negativos sobre o Imperador ressaltados por Tácito em sua obra, apoiados em uma revisão historiográfica das mais relevantes considerações empreendidas por pesquisadores sobre o assunto. No terceiro capítulo buscamos estabelecer um contraponto em que se mostra presente aspectos positivos na administração imperial de Tibério César Augusto, considerando-se a concessão de benefícios a particulares e ao restante da população da Cidade de Roma e das províncias, bem como o empreendimento de obras públicas, templos e outras medidas de cunho administrativo.

Lyon-Lugdunum, capitale des Trois Gaules, positionnée au cœur de voies fluviales et terrestres, a tenu une position privilégiée dans le commerce et la distribution des objets en verre durant le Haut-Empire. Le développement de l’archéologie du verre n’avait que trop peu mis en évidence les ensembles lyonnais, pourtant si riches d’enseignements. La découverte de plusieurs ateliers le long de la rive gauche de la Saône, sur le quai Saint-Vincent, démontre de toute évidence que Lyon a tenu un rôle tout aussi important dans la production du verre que dans la poterie. Cet ouvrage étudie la structuration et le fonctionnement des quatre ateliers mis au jour au bord de la Saône ainsi que de celui situé sur les pentes de Croix-Rousse. Si l’étude des ateliers a permis de mettre en évidence les productions locales, les recherches menées sur les sites de consommation permettent d’en appréhender la distribution et de discerner les possibles importations venues d’autres régions de l’Empire. Le développement de l’archéologie préventive ainsi que les recherches menées dans le cadre de fouilles programmées ont mis au jour des ensembles de verreries conséquents. Le mobilier de dix sites domestiques, localisés principalement sur la colline de Fourvière et dans la presqu’île, a fait l’objet d’une analyse détaillée. En outre, des ensembles issus de onze sites funéraires, situés dans le suburbium de la ville (plaine de Vaise et plateau du Point du Jour), ont été étudiés. Au vu de l’ensemble des données récoltées sur les sites de production et de consommation, il est possible de proposer une typo-chronologie spécifique à Lugdunum durant le Haut-Empire. Elle permet de mieux appréhender la diffusion des productions à l’échelle locale mais aussi de révéler les indices d’échanges et de commerce avec les autres provinces de l’Empire romain. / Located in midst of river and land courses, Lyon-Lugdunum, capital of the Three Gauls, had a prominent position for trade and distribution of glass objects during the Earlier Roman period. Glass archaeological studies had only unraveled a limited part of Lyon’s glassware, hence not fully exploiting the richness of this source of information.The discovery of several workshops on the left river bank of the Saône, in the Saint-Vincent quay, shows that Lyon had an important role in the production of glass, as it did for pottery. This study investigates the structure and operating modes of four of these workshops and of another one located in the area of the Croix-Rousse. Careful analyses enabled a better understanding of their production. A parallel study of local consumption centers allowed comprehending how this production was distributed and differentiating it from imported glassware from other regions of the Empire. The latest developments in preventive archaeology, in addition to data collected from excavations, led to the discovery of several glassware sets. Glass objects from ten domestic sites, mainly located in the Fourvière area and Lyon’s peninsula, were thoroughly studied. Furthermore, glass pieces from eleven funerary sites, located in the city’s suburbium (the Vaise plain and the Point du Jour plateau) were analyzed. The review of all collected data, from both production and consumption sites, allows suggesting a specific chronotypology for Lugdunum during the Earlier Roman Empire. This model enables a deeper understanding of product diffusion on a local scale and provides hints on glass trading of the Three Gauls with the rest of the Roman Empire.

Evaluations of the stance of 1 Peter toward the Roman Empire have for the most part concluded that its author adopted a submissive or conformist posture toward imperial authority and influence. Recently, however, David Horrell and Travis Williams have argued that the letter engages in a subtle, calculated (“polite”) form of resistance to Rome that has often gone undetected. Nevertheless, discussion of the matter has remained largely focused on the letter’s stance toward specific Roman institutions, such as the emperor, household structures, and the imperial cults. Taking the conversation beyond these confines, the present work examines 1 Peter’s critique of the Empire from a wider angle, looking instead to the letter’s ideology or worldview. Using James Scott’s work to think about ideological resistance against domination, I consider how the imperial cults of Anatolia and 1 Peter offered distinct constructions of time and space—that is, how they envisioned reality differently. Insofar as these differences led to divergent ways of conceiving the social order, they acquired political valences and generated potential for conflict. 1 Peter, I argue, confronted Rome on a cosmic scale with its alternative construal of time and space. For each of the axes of time and space, I first investigate how it was constructed in cultic veneration of the emperor, and then read 1 Peter comparatively in light of the findings. Although both sides employed similar strategies in conceptualizing time and space, they parted ways on fundamental points. We have evidence that the Petrine author consciously, if cautiously, interrogated the imperial imagination at its most foundational levels, and set forth in its place a theocentric, Christological understanding of the world.

Bâtiments partiellement détruits mais dont les vestiges n’ont pas disparu, les ruines étaient une réalité présente dans les villes du monde romain. Ce travail de recherche se propose d’étudier la manière dont les populations de l’empire, les autorités municipales ou le pouvoir romain percevaient et géraient les édifices vétustes aussi bien que les amas de décombres résultant des destructions. On s’intéressera au quotidien des villes confrontées au délabrement du bâti ainsi qu’aux dévastations exceptionnelles entraînées par des catastrophes, de l’époque augustéenne jusqu’à la fin du IVe siècle. À travers un examen approfondi des sources littéraires et de la documentation juridique et épigraphique, l’objectif est d’analyser les pratiques liées aux ruines, les normes qui les encadraient et les représentations qui permettent de les comprendre. On montrera que les ruines n’ont pas leur place dans la cité : les démolitions doivent toujours être évitées tandis que les bâtiments dégradés doivent être restaurés. L’esthétique des ruines mais aussi leur valorisation comme objet de mémoire sont absentes des textes littéraires et documentaires latins. Au contraire, les bâtiments délabrés et les villes détruites sont associés à la laideur et à la mort et donnent l’image d’un temps de troubles. Les ruines forment alors un contre-modèle, qui permet de révéler, par contraste, l’idéal d’une architecture qui participe à l’ornementation de la cité et contribue à l’âge d’or garanti par l’empereur. / : Partially destroyed buildings, the remains of which persist in time, ruins were part of the reality of Ancient Rome. This research aims at investigating the way the populations of the Empire, the local magistrates or the Roman central power perceived and managed dilapidated buildings as well as the piles of debris resulting from destructions. This study will focus on the everyday life of cities faced with the dilapidation of buildings as well as with exceptional devastations caused by catastrophes, from the Augustinian age to the end of the fourth century A.D. Through a thorough study of literary, legal and epigraphic sources, the purpose is to analyze how ruins were dealt with, taking into account the rules and norms which applied to them, as well as the mental representations which enabled their understanding. We shall demonstrate that ruins have no place in the city. Demolitions should always be avoided, and dilapidated building should be restored. Any aesthetic aspect of the ruins, or their use as places of memory, are absent from Latin texts. On the contrary, dilapidated buildings and destroyed cities are associated with death and unsightliness and reflect a troubled era. Ruins constitute a counter-model which enables the revelation, by contrast, of an ideal architecture which contributes to the ornamentation of the city and to the elaboration of the Golden Age announced by the Emperor.