Esta pesquisa busca, tendo como eixo principal Chris Marker e o filme Le fond de lair est rouge, fazer uma retrospectiva histórica dos principais debates na experiência do cinema-militante francês. Com um caráter introdutório e a partir daí construir alguns apontamentos iniciais para uma interpretação crítica do filme. Através desta aventura político-cinematográfica comentar um fragmento do que se oculta atrás das barricadas da memória. / This research aims, having as an leit-motif Chris Marker and the film Le fond de l\'air est rouge, making a historical retrospective of the major debates on the experience of French militant cinema, introductory in nature and serving as first notes to a critical interpretation of the film. Through this cinematics and politics adventure it trys to make a comment on a fragment of what is hidden behind the barricades of memory.

The subject of our dissertation is the analysis of the function of color and of light and shadow in Le Rouge et le Noir and La Regenta. By function we mean the study of chromatic symbolism in these novels; each being a closed world in which the meaning depends neither on the author's personal existence nor on the external circumstances of the novel. The author then becomes a narrator who likewise only exists in his creation, and the historical circumstances of his era or time can only serve as references if they are explicitly or implicitly mentioned in the work. Colors therefore form a meaningful and coherent system in each work, and the object of our study is thus to explain and to compare the color systems of the two novels in question. There are three distinct functions in the chromatic schemes of Le Rouge et le Noir and La Regenta: an historical function, a social function and a religious function; each of which is analysed respectively in the three chapters of our dissertation. Each function also corresponds to two different reading levels in each novel: an historical and social level, as well as a religious level. The historical and social level, treated in the first two chapters, consists of a diachronic and synchronic study which manifests itself in the affective relationships which the characters maintain with the past, and in their capacity to adapt to both he political regime and to the system of individual and social values of their era. The religious level, treated in the third chapter, consists of an analysis of the importance given to the symbolic figures of Christ and the Virgin Mary in the creation of the characters. This religious symbolism accounts indirectly for each narrator's concept of the function of literature and the power of the book to right an historical situation which seems unacceptable to them. Thus, it is in the relationship between religion and language that one best perceives the narrator's point of view and the ultimate message of his work.

L'AE1 (SLC4A1) est un échangeur chlorure/bicarbonate. Cette protéine est la protéine membranaire la plus abondante à la surface des globules rouges des vertébrés. Elle est participe au transport du CO2 et à l'ancrage du cytosquelette à la membrane plasmique. Des mutations ponctuelles dans la partie membranaire de l'AE1, liées à des pathologies humaines, convertissent l'échange électroneutre en voie de conductance pour le sodium et le potassium ou induisent une fuite de cations dans un échangeur d'anions toujours fonctionnel. Les déterminants moléculaires qui induisent les mouvements d'ions au travers de cet échangeur sont encore inconnus. Le travail présenté a eu pour but d'identifier et de cartographier le site de transport de la protéine normale ou " pathologique ". Nous avons adapté à l'AE1 des outils basés sur la chimie des sulfhydriles capable de donner des informations sur le rôle d'acides aminés dans le site de transport de la protéine. Cette stratégie combinée à l'élaboration d'un modèle tridimensionnel de la protéine in silico basé sur le symporteur uracile/proton nous a permis de définir le site de transport de l'AE1. Nos résultats démontrent qu'un site de transport unique dans l'AE1 peut basculer entre 3 conformations différentes : échange chlorure/bicarbonate, fuite de cation et échange anionique ou fuite de cation uniquement. Ce site met en jeu les segments transmembranaires (TM) 3, 5 et 8 ainsi qu'une boucle intracellulaire très conservée située entre les TM 8 et 9. Le site de transport se structure autour des acides aminés L468, F471, L530, I533 et L673 se terminant au niveau du E681. La boucle intracellulaire 690 à 705 agissant comme un filtre à cations.

Why does mass-violence happen at all? This paper takes the first steps to establish a model to answer this question and explain extreme mass-violence as a phenomenon. This paper seeks to fill a gap in the field of research, in which models exist to explain the phenomenon of violence, with cases of genocide being seen as problems or exceptions, and as such researched as individual cases rather than as part of a wider phenomenon. This paper uses a selected part of the writings of Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer to establish the basis for a model to explain extreme-cases of mass-violence. The Five-Pillar Model includes 5 social elements - (1) Culture Industry (2) Mass-Media (3) Propaganda (4) Dehumanization (5) Ideological Awareness. When these pillars all reach a high enough level of severity, conditions enable elites to use scapegoating - to divert revolutionary attention to a specific puppet group, resulting in extreme mass-violence. The Five-Pillar Model is then used to analyze an empirical case - Cambodia 1975-1979 and shows how these pillars all existed in an extreme form in that case. This paper presents scapegoating as a possible explanation for the Cambodian case.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Dosage du polyisoprène et des résines de la biomasse de guayule (Parthenium argentatum) par spectroscopie proche infrarouge (SPIR) Méthodes d'extraction par solvant de référence Un protocole basé sur l'extraction accélérée (ASE) avec l'acétone (EA) (résine) puis l'hexane (EH) (polyisoprène, PI) a été sélectionné et optimisé (rendement maximal; adapté à l'analyse de séries) ; quantification d'abord basée sur le poids de l'extrait (gravimétrie). L'EH est maximal à 120°C après étapes avec l'acétone à 40°C (plan d'expérience). La contamination croisée a été confirmée par SEC et FTIR (5 à 29%), conduisant à une deuxième méthode basée sur résine et PI et non plus sur EA et EH, incluant le PI de faible masse molaire (Mw) de l'EA. Ces 2 méthodes de référence ont servi à calibrer la SPIR (chimiométrie/PLS, coeff. beta) afin de relier signature spectrale, PI, résine. ASE-SPIR, couplés ici pour la première fois, ont été plus performants (R² 0.96; 0.98; RPD 4.8; 4.6; EA et EH resp.) que les méthodes de la littérature, grâce aux 215 échantillons représentatifs (génotypes, saison, âge du guayule, climat). La méthode tenant compte de la contamination est moins performante (erreur exp. due aux analyses SEC et FTIR; variation de composition des résines). Ayant montré la dégradation du PI au cours de l'extraction, un autre protocole a été étudié (biomasse humide, un solvant, une seule étape, 20°C) afin d'accéder au Mw «natif », donnant 2.106 g au lieu de 6.105 avec la biomasse séchée; il faut donc être prudent face aux Mw de guayule de la littérature. Ce travail montre la nécessité de tenir compte de la complexité de la biomasse de guayule (échelle cellulaire/PI vacuolaire, résine des canaux; moléculaire/instabilité chimique) lors de l'extraction du PI pour l'analyse structurale. Ces méthodes analytiques ont contribué à produire des prototypes (gant non allergisant, pneu) à haut Mw et à l'acclimatation en Europe dans le cadre du projet EU-Pearls. / Measurement of resin and polyisoprene in Parthenium argentatum (guayule) biomass using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) -Associated solvent-based reference methods .A protocol based on sequential extraction with acetone (resin) and hexane (polyisoprene, PI) with accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) was optimized and selected (maximized yield; adapted to large series) instead of Soxhlet and homogenizer. Quantification was first based on extract weight (gravimetry). Hexane extract was maximized at 120°C, after acetone steps at 40°C, through an experimental design. Cross contamination was confirmed and quantified (5 to 29%; SEC and FTIR). This gave a second method based on resin and PI, instead of crude extracts, accounting for low average molar mass PI (Mw) extracted by acetone instead of hexane. Both reference methods were used for calibrating NIRS applied to powdered biomass, with chemometric tools (PLS loadings, beta coefficients) to interpret spectral bands vs PI-resin relationship. ASE, not used before as reference, is highly reliable, and calibration with gravimetry (R² 0.96; 0.98; RPD 4.8; 4.6; for acetone and hexane extract) better than published data, thanks to the 215 samples covering genotypes, harvest date, plant age, climate. The method using cross contamination was less efficient because of higher experimental error induced by additional SEC and FTIR, and change in resin composition. Having set NIRS methods, a new protocol (single solvent THF, minimized processing, 20°C, fresh biomass) was designed to avoid degradation, yielding PI extracts with Mw above 2.106g/mole, closer to in vivo structure (6.105 when using dried guayule); caution to sample preparation in literature dealing with guayule PI structure. This calls for considering the complex structure of guayule biomass (PI in cells; resin in ducts; chemical instability) when extracting PI. These methods allowed producing high PI Mw glove and tire prototypes and domesticating this new crop in Europe within the EU-Pearls project.

Nous exposerons dans notre thèse, les éléments déterminants liés à la tradition imagée du Petit chaperon rouge, et aux supports qui lui sont associés, afin de mieux les mettre en perspective avec l'objet de notre étude : voir dans quelle mesure les livres illustrés, albums et autres supports espagnols hébergeant le conte, s’inscrivent à l’intérieur d’une tradition iconographique que nous pourrions qualifier d’européenne,ou en quoi, au contraire, ils rompent avec cette tradition. / We will expose in our thesis, the determining elements related to the pictorial tradition of Little Red Riding Hood, and the media associated with it, to better place them in perspective with the object of our study: to what extent books, illustrated albums and other Spanish media hosting storytelling, enroll in within an iconographic tradition that we might call European, or how, on the contrary, they break with this tradition.

Lucie Paříková: Revival of the Khmer Culture Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague, Department of Cultural Studies, MA Thesis, 106 pages, 2012 This paper is about issues of Khmer culture after the collapse of Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia. The subject of this paper is a theoretical analysis of revitalization of Khmer culture after 1979 in the process of sociocultural changes that occurred due to communist revolution and subsequent Khmer Rouge rule. The process of revitalization of the Khmer culture is studied mainly on the level of sociocultural regulatives and ideas. The aim of this work is to contribute, from the perspective of culturology, to the clarification of the process of sociocultural change, which Cambodia experienced under the Khmer Rouge rule. Key words: Khmer culture, revival, sociocultural change, Khmer Rouge

Parmi les stimuli environnementaux, la couleur est une expérience perceptuelle omniprésente. Elle est capable d’infléchir la motivation d’approche et d’évitement des individus sans qu’ils en aient conscience. Elliot et ses collaborateurs (2007) ont en en effet montré qu’en contexte d’accomplissement, le rouge agissait subtilement sur les processus cognitifs et moteurs en évoquant une menace. L’objectif de cette thèse a été d’enrichir ce paradigme des couleurs à l’aide de variables et de tâches non testées. Notre travail a tout d’abord montré l’effet délétère du rouge sur la variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque et la mémoire de travail lors d’un test cognitif. Cet effet négatif a ensuite été mis en évidence sur l’efficience motrice lors d’une tâche de force maximale. Sur la base d’une validation partielle en langue française du questionnaire de mesure des tempéraments (Elliot & Thrash, 2010), il a ensuite été suggéré que l’effet débilitant du rouge sur la mémoire pouvait être modulé par le tempérament d’évitement. Enfin, nous avons étudié de façon exploratoire la modulation de l’effet menaçant du rouge par l’origine culturelle. Les différentes significations accordées au rouge par des étudiants chinois et français pourraient être à l’origine d’une modulation de l’effet de cette couleur sur l’efficience motrice. / Among the environmental stimuli, the color is a ubiquitous perceptual experience. It is able to influence the approach and avoidance motivation outside of consciousness. Elliot and colleagues (2007) have indeed shown that in an achievement context, red acts as a subtle threat-cue on cognitive and motor processes. The aim of this thesis was to extend this empirical and theoretical work, using novel variables and tasks. Our results have first shown the deleterious effect of red on the heart rate variability and the working memory in a cognitive test, and then on the motor efficiency during a maximum voluntary contraction task. Based on a partial French validation of the approach-avoidance temperament questionnaire (Elliot & Thrash, 2010), it was then proposed that the negative effect of red on the memory could be modulated by the avoidance temperament. Finally, we have studied in an exploratory fashion the modulation of the threatening red effect by the cultural origin. Our results have suggested that differences in meanings given to red between Chinese and French students could have different consequences on motor efficiency.

Accumulations of brackish groundwater exist across south Louisiana within the shallow, south-dipping Pleistocene to Upper Miocene Baton Rouge Aquifer System (BRAS). This research investigates the source of brackish groundwater through geochemical analysis of representative groundwater samples by comparing the following geochemical ratios along with other trace elements. Low Bromide (Br)/Chloride (Cl) and Potassium (K) /Cl ratios, high Sodium (Na) /Cl ratios, trace Magnesium (Mg) concentrations, and low Strontium (Sr) 87/Sr86 in brackish waters from the BRAS are inconsistent with in situ saline water from marine formation fluids of similar age. The ratios are consistent with in situ saline-water sources from Lower Miocene or Paleogene formation fluids from dissolved recrystallized halite. Deep formation fluids have interacted with Louann Salt diapirs underlying the BRAS area, dissolving halite, and are shown to have moved up fault planes and entered shallow aquifers to mix with the in situ groundwaters.