Die ekstrinsieke getuienis-reël word in die algemeen beskou as een van die mees problematiese areas van die Suid-Afrikaanse bewysreg. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Regskommissie het dan ook redelik onlangs ondersoek ingestel na die wenslikheid van die behoud of afskaffing van die reël. Ondersoek word ingestel na die ware aard van die ekstrinsieke getuienis-reël en of die reël op ’n korrekte wyse in die Suid-Afrikaanse reg ingevoer is. ’n Deeglike kritiese ontleding word verder gedoen van die twee komponente waaruit die ekstrinsieke getuienis-reël bestaan, naamlik die integrasiereël en die interpretasiereël, met behoorlike verwysing na relevante regspraak en die standpunte van akademiese skrywers op hierdie gebied. Kritiese ondersoek word verder ingestel na die verslag en aanbevelings van die Suid-Afrikaanse Regskommissie ten aansien van die ekstrinsieke getuienis-reël. Die impak van die 1996 Grondwet, asook die moderne ontwikkeling van die rekenaar en elektroniese dokumente op die ekstrinsiekegetuienis-reël word ook kortliks ondersoek. Daar word verder grondig ondersoek ingestel na die ekstrinsieke getuienis-reël in ’n regsvergelykende perspektief met spesifieke verwysing na die Engelse, Amerikaanse, Kanadese, Nederlandse, Duitse, Franse en Switserse reg, asook die moontlike waarde wat sodanige benaderings kan toevoeg tot die reël in ’n Suid-afrikaanse konteks. Die gevolgtrekking waartoe gekom word in hierdie proefskrif is dat die ekstrinsieke getuienis-reël aansienlik gemodifiseer moet word in die Suid-Afrikaanse reg deur middel van die promulgering van spesifieke wetgewing op hierdie gebied. Die essensie van hierdie wetgewing moet daaruit bestaan dat alle relevante ekstrinsieke getuienis toegelaat behoort te word ten einde die ware bedoeling van die kontrakspartye vas te stel, behalwe waar dit blyk dat hulle ooreengekom het om hulle algehele ooreenkoms in die skriftelike kontrak te integreer. Daar behoort egter terselftertyd ’n aansienlike bewyswaarde aan die skriftelike dokument, asook die terme daarin vervat, geheg te word ten einde die onskendbaarheid van die skriftelike dokument te preserveer. / Criminal and Procedural Law / LL.D.

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Estudo sobre os direitos materiais constitutivos da democracia enquanto norma constitucional. Partimos de uma análise das origens históricas do constitucionalismo moderno, onde traçamos a aproximação entre o movimento teórico que embasou o constitucionalismo e o princípio democrático. A soberania é objeto de estudo a partir de suas origens, demonstrando a influência de sua formação teórica absolutista nas posteriores concepções de soberania do povo, correntemente associadas à democracia. A democracia é objeto de estudo específico na terceira parte, especialmente a idéia de democracia direta como essência da democracia, o princípio representativo, a democracia como forma de governo, democracia e república, igualdade democrática formal e substancial, bem como sua relação com o Estado social e o Estado de Direito. Desta relação surge a democracia como norma constitucional dotada de um conteúdo jurídico-material, cogente, que lhe é constitutivo, e que legitima democraticamente a atuação contramajoritária do Judiciário / Study on the rights of the constituent materials democracy as a constitutional rule. We start from an analysis of the historical origins of modern constitutionalism, where do we draw the connection between the theoretical movement that based constitutionalism and democratic principle. Sovereignty is an object of study from its origins, demonstrating the influence of his theoretical training in new concepts of absolute sovereignty of the people, commonly associated with democracy. Democracy is the object of special study in the third part, especially the idea of direct democracy as the essence of democracy, the principle of representative democracy as a form of government, democracy and republic, democratic equality, formal and substantial, and their relation with the State social and rule of law. This relationship appears to democracy as a constitutional rule endowed with a legal content-material, cogent, it is constitutive, and that democratically legitimized the role of the judiciary.

Originally a venture capital heuristic, the Rule of 40 efficiency score – the sum of revenue growth plus profitability – is widely believed by management teams and investors to drive shareholder returns in publicly-traded software-as-a-service (SaaS) stocks. This paper analyzes the effect of efficiency score on SaaS stock returns by segmenting the SaaS universe by efficiency score and comparing returns. Although I find that high efficiency score SaaS stocks outperform low efficiency score names on a gross returns basis, there is no significant difference in risk-adjusted returns (alpha generated over relevant benchmark models) between high and low efficiency score stocks. Significant alpha outperformance of high efficiency score SaaS stocks over US equity market benchmarks is likely explained by the strong returns of the SaaS universe as a whole, rather than high efficiency score stocks’ outperformance within the SaaS subsector.

Orientador: Harold Gordon Fowler / Banca: Adler Guilherme Viadana / Banca: Wesley Augusto Conde Godoy / Banca: Marcelo Nogueira Rossi / Banca: Sofia Campiolo / Apresenta anexos em CD-ROM / Resumo: Foram realizadas meta análises com o Gradiente Latitudinal de Riqueza de espécies, a Regra de Rapoport e sua interação para vertebrados ao longo de todo o Globo. Com os resultados é possível concluir que ambos os padrões são generalizáveis e consistentes para todos os grupos de vertebrados, no entanto nenhuma variável moderadora associada à característica ecológicas, biológicas ou biogeográficas pode ser confirmada como principal condicionante destes padrões, não apresentando padrões constantes entre hemisférios, continentes, classes, número de províncias biogeográficas, tamanho corpóreo ou outra variável analisada. Foram utilizados como effect sizes a inclinação da reta de regressão ou o coeficiente angular da regressão linear (b) e o Coeficiente de Correlação de Spearman corrigido por Z-Fisher (r), entre estes dois, o segundo apresentou melhores resultados referentes as suas adequações e restrições associadas a meta análise, tais como normalidade dos dados e pressupostos de viés de publicações. As variáveis moderadoras associadas a características metodológicas como poder do teste, significância e tamanho amostral apresentaram maior poder explicativo do padrão do que as demais variáveis, sugerindo uma necessidade de se adotar um padrão mais rigoroso no delineamento de estudos que abordem este tema. Para a Regra de Rapoport o método utilizado na confecção do teste foi a variável moderadora mais evidente para a detecção de uma estrutura nos dados. / Abstract: In the present work where made meta analysis with Latitudinal Gradient of Species richness, Rapoport Rule and their interaction for vertebrates along a global scale. With the results is possible to conclude that both patterns are general for vertebrates, nevertheless none of the ecological, biological or biogeographical moderators variables could be confirmed as the primary cause of the patterns, don't showing any constant pattern between hemispheres, continents, classes, number of biogeographical provinces or other analyzed variable. It will be used as effect size the angular coefficient or the linear regression (b) and the Spearman Correlation Coefficient transformed by Z-Fisher (r), among these two effect size, the second presents best results associated with restrictions and fits inherent to meta analysis, such as normality and publication bias. The moderator's variables associates with methodological issues, like statistical power, significance and sample size show higher explanation strength than the others variables, suggesting a necessity of more strength methods in the studies that claim these global patterns. For Rapoport Rule the method used to do the test was the moderator variable more evident to detect some data structure. / Doutor

Estudo sobre os direitos materiais constitutivos da democracia enquanto norma constitucional. Partimos de uma análise das origens históricas do constitucionalismo moderno, onde traçamos a aproximação entre o movimento teórico que embasou o constitucionalismo e o princípio democrático. A soberania é objeto de estudo a partir de suas origens, demonstrando a influência de sua formação teórica absolutista nas posteriores concepções de soberania do povo, correntemente associadas à democracia. A democracia é objeto de estudo específico na terceira parte, especialmente a idéia de democracia direta como essência da democracia, o princípio representativo, a democracia como forma de governo, democracia e república, igualdade democrática formal e substancial, bem como sua relação com o Estado social e o Estado de Direito. Desta relação surge a democracia como norma constitucional dotada de um conteúdo jurídico-material, cogente, que lhe é constitutivo, e que legitima democraticamente a atuação contramajoritária do Judiciário / Study on the rights of the constituent materials democracy as a constitutional rule. We start from an analysis of the historical origins of modern constitutionalism, where do we draw the connection between the theoretical movement that based constitutionalism and democratic principle. Sovereignty is an object of study from its origins, demonstrating the influence of his theoretical training in new concepts of absolute sovereignty of the people, commonly associated with democracy. Democracy is the object of special study in the third part, especially the idea of direct democracy as the essence of democracy, the principle of representative democracy as a form of government, democracy and republic, democratic equality, formal and substantial, and their relation with the State social and rule of law. This relationship appears to democracy as a constitutional rule endowed with a legal content-material, cogent, it is constitutive, and that democratically legitimized the role of the judiciary.

coordenadoria de aperfeiÃoamento de pessoal de ensino superior / A pergunta que dà tÃtulo a este trabalho à muito atual e tambÃm muito antiga, de maneira que diversas tradiÃÃes, perpassando numerosas Ãreas do conhecimento, estÃo disponÃveis para aquele que se propÃe a abordÃ-la. Opta-se, aqui, pelo debate filosÃfico que tem Ludwig Wittgenstein como principal referÃncia. No primeiro capÃtulo, sÃo indicados quais aspectos da concepÃÃo de filosofia de Wittgenstein sÃo, no restante da exposiÃÃo, mantidos e quais sÃo descartados ou apenas parcialmente aceitos. No segundo capÃtulo, defende-se que regras devem funcionar como razÃes e que apenas seres dotados de alguma forma de saber e capazes de comportamento intencional podem segui-las. Sem apelar à capacidade de adotar posturas normativas sapientes, nÃo à possÃvel realizar a distinÃÃo fundamental entre seguir e meramente conformar-se a uma regra. Os capÃtulos III e IV lidam diretamente com problemas canonicamente formulados no seminal Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language, de Saul Kripke. A concepÃÃo comunitarista defendida por esse autor à criticada, sobretudo atravÃs de consideraÃÃes sobre a distinÃÃo entre pÃblico e privado. Conclui-se, a partir delas, que pertencer a uma comunidade nÃo à condiÃÃo necessÃria para ser um seguidor de regras, apesar de ser uma propriedade muito relevante de todos os seguidores de regras conhecidos. Apontase, como soluÃÃo mais apropriada ao desafio cÃtico de Kripke, a caracterizaÃÃo do seguimento de regra como uma capacidade especÃfica de ver aspectos da prÃpria aÃÃo. Essa capacidade à constitutiva da linguagem simbÃlica e, portanto, logicamente anterior a ela, de maneira que para seguir regra nÃo à necessÃrio dominar uma linguagem em sentido estrito. Por fim, à luz dessas reflexÃes, argumentos metafilosÃficos discutidos no primeiro capÃtulo sÃo retomados e expandidos com o objetivo de fundamentar a rejeiÃÃo da concepÃÃo quietista defendida por Wittgenstein.

Today there are commercially available databases with active features, i.e. active mechanisms are available for development of information systems. But the usage of active mechanisms is low in practice. This is due to the insufficient methodological support in analysis and design for developing ECA rule based software. It has been proposed that one of the most suitable ways to tackle this problem is not to develop new methods but to extend existing methodologies. In this thesis an extension of the Object Modeling Technique (OMT) is developed, called OMT-A, which is able to model active rules. The Active Database Management System Manifesto is used as a base for the refinements. OMT-A also supports an extensive set of event operators. Although the refined notation and the new, recommended steps, it is still possible to use OMT-A as if it is the original OMT. OMT-A is compared with OMT and two other extensions of OMT. The comparison revealed some interesting differences, e.g. to what extent OMT has been changed. It also turned out that OMT-A is the only one of the three refined versions having an explicit focus on the dynamic modeling, which is an interesting contribution of this work

A non-corrupt judiciary is a fundamental condition for the endorsement of rule of law and the ability to guarantee basic human rights in society. The judiciary must therefore be an independent and fair body that fights corruption, not the other way around. This essay systematizes different binding and non-binding international, and to some extent regional, norms and standards regarding corruption in the judiciary and judicial independence, and presents potential factors and effects of judicial corruption, through an inventory of documents recognized by organizations such as the United Nations and the Council of Europe. Further, the essay presents different anti-corruption strategies and the dilemma of implementing such strategies with regard to judicial independence. The advantages and disadvantages of different anti-corruption strategies are reviewed through the study of some successful and unsuccessful examples. There are several definitions of corruption, this essay emanates from the definition of ‘abuse of office for personal or private gain’, a definition that is wide but yet well recognized. The factors of judicial corruption are many and often overlapping, but they vary from state to state and must hence be analyzed individually to find the factual reasons for what generates corruption. The effects are detrimental and break down the very core of rule of law and corrupt judges neglect fundamental principles such as equality, impartiality, propriety and integrity. With regard to the different factors and effects, the norms and standards, and the anti-corruption strategies, a discussion follows about how to rid the judiciary from corruption with preservation of the respect of judicial independence. The discussion also raises the predicament that malpractice of various fundamental principles e.g. judicial independence can occur and further distort unhealthy judiciaries. The main conclusion regarding anti-corruption strategies is that they must be carefully weighed against the principle of independence.

Democracy and a state governed by the rule of law The diploma thesis deals with the topics of democracy, the rule of law and their interaction. It is focused on both themes in the context of their historical development and other ideas that have influenced one or the other phenomenon. For this reason, the reader encounters primarily the issues of an ancient understanding of democracy, ideas of republicanism, liberalism, constitutionalism, or the Anglo-American concept of government. In this diploma paper, democracy and the rule of law are analyzed as concepts that have a general, i.e., global, meaning. Examples of elements typical of democracy and the rule of law are, however, the provisions of the Czech law. The aim of the diploma thesis is to point out the influence of historical experience on the development of ideas about democracy and the rule of law, and to emphasize the phenomena that are being studied, how they differ and how they interact. In conclusion, the historical development of both phenomena has led to a fundamental change in their understanding. Both terms are limiting and balancing each other. At present, democracy is seen as a universal value and, together with the modern concept of the rule of law, creates a liberal democratic system of governance. At the same time, however,...