Sportiniai rezultatai priklauso nuo sportinio rengimo planavimo, modeliavimo, metodikos efektyvumo, to vyksmo eigos, kontrolės ir koregavimo pagal iš anksto nustatytus efektyvumo kriterijus. Sportiniame ėjime vienintelis sėkmę varžybose lemiantis veiksnys yra greitis, nors jį riboja dvi unikalios sportinio ėjimo technikai taikomos taisyklės. Greitį lemia eisenos arba žingsnio ilgis ir dažnis. Žingsnio ilgis dažniausiai laikomas svarbesniu veiksniu (Hoga et al., 2003), o jį lemia įvairūs faktoriai, įskaitant kojos ilgį ir dubens lanko judėjimo diapazoną. Žingsnio dažnumą apibrėžia laikas, per kurį užbaigiamas vienas sėkmingas žingsnis, ir kuo trumpesnė žingsnio trukmė, tuo didesnis ėjimo greitis (Cairns et al., 1986). Tikslas – nustatyti skirtingo amžiaus sportinio ėjimo atstovų sportinio rengimo ir varžybinės veiklos ypatumus. Uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti varžybinio rezultato, treniruočių apimties ir intensyvumo kaitą skirtingo amžiaus sportinio ėjimo atstovių daugiamečio rengimo metu; 2. Palyginti skirtingo amžiaus (jaunučių, jaunimo ir suaugusiųjų) sportinio ėjimo atstovių treniruočių apimties ir intensyvumo kaitą daugiamečio rengimo metu. 3. Nustatyti ir palyginti skirtingo amžiaus sportinio ėjimo atstovų kinematinių charakteristikų kaitą varžybų metu. Tyrimo metodai: 1. Literatūros šaltinių analizė; 2. Skirtingo amžiaus grupių sportininkių rezultatų analizė; 3. Metinio treniruočių planų analizė; 4. Varžybinio rezultato nustatymas; 5. Filmavimas Tiriamieji. Pirmojo tyrimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The sports results depend on the planning of sports event, its modeling, the efficiency of methods, the course of the event, control and corrections made according to the previously determined efficiency criteria. The only factor influencing success in competitions of race walking is speed, although it is restricted by two unique rules applied in race walking techniques. The speed is governed by the length and frequency of stride or step. The step length is most often considered to be the more significant one (Hoga et al., 2003) and it is affected by various factors, including leg length and the range of movement of the pelvic girdle. The step frequency is defined by time needed to finish one successful step. The shorter the step duration, the higher walking speed (Cairns et al., 1986). The goal of the study is to determine the peculiarities of competition performance and sports training of race walking athletes of different ages. The following objectives were formulated in order to achieve the set goal: 1. Determine the change of the competition results, training scope and intensity during the long-term training of race walking athletes of different ages; 2. Compare the change in training scope and intensity during the long-term training of race walking athletes of different ages (cadets, junior and adults). 3. Determine and compare the change in kinematic characteristics of race walking athletes of different ages during the competition. The following research methods were... [to full text]

Human locomotion is phenomenon that is extraordinarily complex. It is evident that a complete description of locomotion involves consideration of kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activity of the extremities in all of their various movements. Race walking (RW) is a form of upright locomotion that differs from normal walking and running by its form dictated by the International Amateur Athletics Federation (IAAF). Despite the similarities to both normal walking (NW) and running (RU), RW has not been the subject of equally intensive investigations. This study explores the comprehensive biomechanics of race walking and how it compares to NW and RU. A quantitative approach was used to evaluate kinematic, kinetic and muscle activity variables between race walking and both normal walking and running. A cross-sectional, laboratory design was used on 15 recreationally competitive race walkers to evaluate these variables. Based on the results of this study, RW is an intermediate gait between NW and RU that has characteristics of both gaits, but is still a unique gait in itself. While there are differences between RW and both RU and NW, some of the expected differences between RW and the two gaits did not occur. Significantly greater frontal plane pelvis-trunk joint range of motion and sagittal plane peak hip flexor and extensor moments, hip joint range of motion and rectus femoris muscle activity contribute to the significant differences in both RW and NW, and RW and RU. Significant differences between RW and RU showed that RU requires more contribution from the trunk, pelvis and lower extremities kinematically and kinetically, as well as increased muscle activation, to execute the motion than RW. Conversely, RW requires more contribution from these variables than NW does, but in not as great a capacity as RU compared to RW. In spite of these findings, there were some variables that had no significant differences between RW and RU. This suggests that injuries during RW are similar to those during RU, but may not occur as frequently.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-09-27T13:51:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 daniloleonelalves.pdf: 1042586 bytes, checksum: 995d86128bf6aced93c4541281efbfd1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-09-27T15:15:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 daniloleonelalves.pdf: 1042586 bytes, checksum: 995d86128bf6aced93c4541281efbfd1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-27T15:15:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 daniloleonelalves.pdf: 1042586 bytes, checksum: 995d86128bf6aced93c4541281efbfd1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-04 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Conhecer a estratégia de ritmo (ER) em diferentes distâncias na marcha atlética tem-se mostrado apropriado para contornar problemas associados ao desempenho físico e a execução técnica dos movimentos. Partindo de três diferentes artigos, os objetivos deste trabalho são: 1) Descrever a estratégia de ritmo geral, em diferentes sexos, categorias, desempenhos obtidos e provas; 2) Verificar a associação das advertências com a velocidade em provas de marcha atlética; 3) Comparar a estratégia de ritmo planejada pelo atleta com a executada durante um evento competitivo de marcha atlética. Participaram 89 atletas (45 homens e 44 mulheres) de nível nacional e internacional, competidores na Copa Brasil de Marcha Atlética 2015, sendo distribuídos nas categorias sub 18, sub 20 e adulto. Dos 89 atletas participantes, 53 completaram a prova, 27 foram desclassificados e 9 abandonaram. Filmadoras digitais e cones foram posicionados a cada 10 % da distância total da prova, para a aquisição dos tempos parciais a fim de elaborar posteriormente as variações do ER de cada atleta. A ER foi dividida em três trechos, inicial (0% a 10% da distância total da prova), intermediária (10% a 90%) e final (90% a 100%) com a finalidade de verificar a alteração da velocidade entre estes trechos. Para a avaliação das advertências recebidas pelos atletas nas provas de marcha atlética, foram obtidas as súmulas das provas. Posteriormente, foi determinado em qual quilômetro da prova o atleta foi advertido e qual punição recebeu. Para a avaliação da estratégia planejada, um questionário com gráficos demonstrativos das principais curvas de ER existentes em provas de média e longa distância foi apresentado aos atletas antes do início da prova, e estes assinalavam qual estratégia planejou para a prova que iria disputar. Os resultados principais encontrados indicam que: 1) a ER em marchadores brasileiros seguiu um padrão positivo, no qual os atletas iniciam a competição em alta velocidade e diminuem progressivamente o ritmo até a linha de chegada. Não houve influência significativa dos fatores sexo ou desempenho obtido sobre a ER; 2) Os atletas recebem maior quantidade de advertências por ausência de bloqueio, sendo que estas concentraram-se entre as parciais 20% e 60% da prova. A velocidade mediana (Vmed) e a menor velocidade (Vmenor) observada ao longo da prova se correlacionaram com as advertências de ausência de bloqueio; 3) Observa-se que grande parte dos sujeitos planejaram estratégias constante ou negativa, porém, na análise da estratégia executada, constata-se que a maioria dos sujeitos realizou estratégia positiva. / Knowing the pacing strategy (PS) at different distances in race walking has been shown to be appropriate to outline problems associated with physical performance and the technical execution of the movements. Starting from three different articles, the objectives of this work are: 1) Describe the overall pace strategy in different genders, classes, performances in race walking; 2) Check the association of warnings with the speed in race walking tests; 3) Compare the pace strategy planned by the athlete to run during a competitive event race walking. Participated 89 athletes (45 men and 44 women) of national and international competitors in Brazil Cup Race Walking 2015 being distributed in the categories sub 18, sub 20 and adult. Of the 89 participating athletes, 53 finished the race, 27 were disqualified and 9 abandoned. Digital cameras and cones were positioned every 10% of the total distance of the race for the acquisition of split times in order to further elaborate the variations of PS of each athlete. The PS was divided into three sections, the initial (0% to 10% of the total distance of race), intermediate (10% to 90%) and final (90% to 100%) in order to verify the change of speed between these parts. For the evaluation of warnings received by athletes in tests of race walking, the dockets of the race were obtained. It was later determined that kilometer from the race the athlete was warned and what warning received. For the evaluation of the planned strategy, a questionnaire with graphs showing the main PS curves existing averaged medium and long distance was presented to the athletes before the start of the race, and they marked what strategy planned for race that would dispute. The main results indicate that: 1) the PS in Brazilian athletes followed a positive pattern in which athletes begin competition at high speed and gradually slow down until the finish line. There was no significant influence of gender factors or performance on ER; 2) The athletes are higher amount of bent knee, and these concentrated between the session 20% to 60% of the race. The average speed and the slower speed observed over the test correlated with the bent knee; 3) It is observed that most of the subjects planned constant or negative pacing strategy, however, the analysis of the executed strategy, it appears that most of the subjects made positive pacing strategy.