Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio State University, 1955. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-73). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

Th.--Sci. phys.--Toulouse 3, 1977. N°: 762.

Η ακτινοθεραπεία αποτελεί σημαντική θεραπευτική προσέγγιση για ασθενείς με διάφορους τύπους καρκίνου συμπεριλαμβανομένων των καρκίνων μαστού και πνεύμονα. Τόσο στο μεταστατικό καρκίνο του μαστού, όσο και στο μεταστατικό καρκίνο του πνεύμονα και καρκίνο σταδίου IIIB, η ακτινοθεραπεία έχει παρηγορητικό ρόλο βελτιώνοντας την ποιότητα ζωής των ασθενών. Και τα δύο αυτά είδη καρκίνου μπορούν να δώσουν οστικές μεταστάσεις, για την αντιμετώπιση των οποίων, τα τελευταία χρόνια, χορηγούνται στους ασθενείς διφωσφονικά. Προ-κλινικές μελέτες έχουν δείξει ότι τα διφωσφονικά έχουν αντιαγγειογενετική και αντινεοπλασματική δράση. Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η μελέτη της δράσης του συνδυασμού της ακτινοβόλησης και των διφωσφονικών σε καρκινικά κύτταρα μαστού και πνεύμονα, λόγω του ότι τόσο η ακτινοθεραπεία, όσο και τα διφωσφονικά έχουν επίδραση στους οστεοκλάστες, πράγμα που ενισχύει το γεγονός ότι οι δύο αυτές θεραπείες μπορούν να έχουν συνεργική δράση. Για τα in vitro πειράματα χρησιμοποιήθηκαν οι ανθρώπινες καρκινικές σειρές μαστού MCF-7 και MDA-MB-231 και οι ανθρώπινες καρκινικές σειρές μη μικροκυτταρικού καρκίνου του πνεύμονα H23 και H358. Το ζολενδρονικό οξύ χορηγήθηκε στα κύτταρα σε διάφορες συγκεντρώσεις (0,1, 1, 10, 20 και 100 μΜ). Στα πειράματα συνδυασμού ακτινοβόλησης και ζολενδρονικού οξέος, το φάρμακο προστέθηκε σε συγκέντρωση 10 μΜ, 24 ώρες πριν την ακτινοβόληση. Τα κύτταρα ακτινοβολήθηκαν σε θερμοκρασία δωματίου με διάφορες δόσεις ακτινών Χ: 0, 0,5, 1, 2 και 5 Gy (σε γραμμικό επιταχυντή, 6 MV). Ο πολλαπλασιασμός των κυττάρων προσδιορίστηκε 2, 4 και 6 ημέρες μετά την ακτινοβόληση με τη μέθοδο του μεθυλ-τετραζολίου (MTT). Στη συνέχεια, με τη μέθοδο της κυτταρομετρίας ροής (FACS), μελετήθηκε το ποσοστό της επαγωγής της απόπτωσης και της νέκρωσης των καρκινικών κυττάρων μετά την εφαρμογή σε αυτά του συνδυασμού της ακτινοβόλησης και του ζολενδρονικού οξέος. Η προσθήκη του ζολενδρονικού οξέος πριν την ακτινοβόληση ευαισθητοποιεί τα κύτταρα στις ακτίνες Χ. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, στις καρκινικές σειρές μαστού, η ακτινοβόληση προκαλεί μείωση του αριθμού των κυττάρων, δράση που ενισχύεται όταν οι ακτίνες Χ συνδυάζονται με ζολενδρονικό οξύ. Στο μη μικροκυτταρικό καρκίνο του πνεύμονα, η ανασταλτική δράση των ακτινών Χ επίσης ενισχύεται παρουσία του ζολενδρονικού οξέος. Σε όλες τις περιπτώσεις, η ανασταλτική δράση του ζολενδρονικού οξέος, των ακτινών Χ και του συνδυασμού τους δεν οφείλεται σε επαγωγή της απόπτωσης ή της νέκρωσης των κυττάρων. Συμπερασματικά, η συνδυαστική εφαρμογή ακτινών Χ και ζολενδρονικού οξέος ευαισθητοποιεί τα καρκινικά κύτταρα μαστού και μη μικροκυτταρικού καρκίνου του πνεύμονα μειώνοντας τον αριθμό τους, είτε σε μικρότερους χρόνους είτε χρησιμοποιώντας μικρότερες δόσεις ακτινών Χ, αντίστοιχα, χωρίς να επάγει την απόπτωση ή τη νέκρωση των κυττάρων. / Radiotherapy is an important treatment for patients suffering from various types of cancer, including breast and lung cancer. Especially in metastatic breast and lung cancer, radiotherapy is a palliative treatment, which improves the quality of life of patients. Bone metastases are common in both breast and lung cancer and in recent years, bisphosphonates have become a standard treatment for metastatic bone disease. Pre-clinical research has proved that bisphosphonates have antiangiogenic and antitumor effects. The purpose of this particular research is to investigate the effect of the combination of X-rays and bisphosphonates in human breast cancer and in human non-small cell lung cancer cells, due to the fact that both radiotherapy and bisphosphonates have common action on osteoclasts, which implies a potential synergistic activity. The cell lines used in the in vitro experiments were MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells and H23 and H358 human non-small cell lung cancers cells. Cells were treated with various doses of zoledronic acid (0.1, 1, 10, 20 and 100 nM). In case of the combination of radiotherapy and zoledronic acid, the drug dose was 10 μM and it was added 24 hours prior to radiotherapy. The cells were irradiated at room temperature and the doses of irradiation were 0, 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 Gy (linear accelerator, 6MV). The cell number was determined by the MTT method, 2, 4 and 6 days after the irradiation. Apoptosis and necrosis were estimated by using flow cytometry. Addition of zoledronic acid to the cells before irradiation rendered cells more sensitive to irradiation. In breast cancer cell lines, irradiation decreased the number of cells, an effect that was enhanced when the cells were irradiated in the presence of zolendronic acid. In non-small cell cancer cell lines, the inhibitory activity of irradiation was also enhanced in the presence of zoledronic acid. In all cases, the inhibitory effect of zolendronic acid, X-rays and their combination was not due to induction of cell apoptosis or necrosis. In summary, the combination of radiotherapy and zoledronic acid renders tumor cells more sensitive to irradiation by reducing their number in less time or in smaller irradiation doses, without inducing cell apoptosis or necrosis.

Thesis (M.S. in Electrical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 1990. / Thesis Advisor(s): Maruyama, X.K. Second Reader: Michael, S.N. "June 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on March 24, 2010. DTIC Descriptor(s): Data Acquisition, Electronics, Facilities, Instrumentation, Integrated Systems, Noise (Electrical And Electromagnetic), Photons, Pulse Generators, Pulses, Radiation, Requirements, Scale, Transient Radiation Effects, Transients, Trees, Wafers, X Rays. DTIC Identifier(s): Transient radiation effects, Data acquisition, X ray apparatus, Electromagnetic pulses, Theses. Author(s) subject terms: EMP, IEMP, Flash X-Ray Instrumentation. Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-106). Also available in print.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Univ., 2006. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-07-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:44:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_fa_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 1538872 bytes, checksum: ed8c4839c4ecda41a8481b80cb1e81f7 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a presença de selênio em spots protéicos de amostras de plasma, músculo e fígado de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) obtidos após separação das proteínas por eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida em segunda dimensão (2D-PAGE) e posterior avaliação qualitativa por fluorescência de raios-X com radiação síncrotron (SR-XRF). A análise dos espectros de fluorescência obtidos indicaram a presença de selênio em oito proteínas do plasma, seis proteínas do músculo e cinco proteínas do fígado. Observou-se que o selênio está distribuído em sua maioria em proteínas com massa molar menor que 50 kDa. Proteínas acima de 50 kDa foram encontradas somente no plasma. / An investigation was made into selenium in protein spots of samples of plasma, muscle and liver of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) obtained after protein separation by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and subsequent qualitative evaluation by synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SR-XRF). An analysis of the fluorescence spectra indicated the presence of selenium in eight plasma proteins, six muscle proteins, and five liver proteins. Selenium was found to be distributed mainly in proteins with a molar mass smaller than 50 kDa. Proteins with a molar mass higher than 50 kDa was found only in the plasma.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第19709号 / 工博第4164号 / 新制||工||1642(附属図書館) / 32745 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科材料工学専攻 / (主査)教授 辻 伸泰, 教授 乾 晴行, 教授 安田 秀幸 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

No description available.

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) represent a revolutionary class of active materials that can spontaneously generate strain based on an environmental input, such as temperature or stress. SMAs can provide potential solutions to many of today's engineering problems due to their compact form, high energy densities, and multifunctional capabilities. While many applications in the biomedical, aerospace, automotive, and defense industries have already been investigated and realized for nickel-titanium (NiTi) based SMAs, the effects of controlling and designing the microstructure through processing (i.e. extreme cold working) have not been well understood. Current Ni-Ti based SMAs could be improved upon by increasing their work output, improving dimensional stability, preventing accidental actuation, and reducing strain localization. Additionally, there is a strong need to increase the transformation temperature above 115 °C, the current limit for NiTi and is especially important for aerospace applications. Previous research has shown that the addition on ternary elements such as Au, Hf, Pd, Pt, and Zr to NiTi can greatly increase these transformation temperatures. However, there are several limiting factors with these ternary additions such as increased cost, especially with Au, Pd, and Pt, as well as, difficulty in conventionally processing these alloys. Therefore, the main objectives of this research is to study how processing can alter the mechanical properties of NiTi and characterizing it using in situ synchrotron radiation x-ray diffraction (SR-XRD), understanding how we can process ternary SMAs (NiTiHf) by conventional means, and lastly how this processing alters precipitation characteristics and mechanical properties of these alloy systems.

Assim como o flúor, o chumbo se acumula sobre a superfície do esmalte de dentes não irrompidos , o que ainda não se sabe, é se durante o processo de formação da cárie dentária, ele também pode se acumular sobre o esmalte dentário. Este estudo avalia a distribuição espacial do chumbo em blocos dentários bovino submetidos a um regime de ciclagem de pH simulando o processo de desenvolvimento da cárie dentária. Os blocos de esmalte dentário foram submetidos a oito ciclos de desmineralização e remineralização, sendo que, na solução correspondente ao grupo experimental 1 (E1), foram adicionados 30 μg/l de acetato de chumbo e na solução correspondente ao grupo experimental 2 (E2), foram adicionados 300 μg/l de acetato de chumbo, enquanto que, na solução correspondente ao grupo controle (C) o chumbo não foi adicionado. Após os ciclos de desmineralização e remineralização, foram confeccionadas, a partir dos blocos dentários, fatias de 100 μm de espessura. Essas fatias foram analisadas por microscopia de luz polarizada para observar a extensão da lesão cariosa formada e também foram levadas para análise através da microfluorescência de raio-x por luz Sincrotron. As lesões de cárie foram observadas ao longo de toda a superfície do esmalte apresentando uma extensão de aproximadamente 120 μm. Foi observado no esmalte, um gradiente de concentração de chumbo que diminuía da superfície em direção à dentina. Os sinais mais altos de chumbo foram encontrados no grupo E2. E as diferenças estatisticamente significantes, foram observadas na profundidade de esmalte 0 (superfície do esmalte) na comparação entre o grupo C e o grupo E2 (C vs E2; p = 0,029) e na profundidade de esmalte de 50 m, nas comparações entre o grupo C e grupo E2 (C vs E2; p=0,029) e entre o grupo E1 e o grupo E2 (E1 vs E2; p = 0,029). Assim, este estudo sugere que se o chumbo estiver presente na cavidade oral, durante o processo de desenvolvimento da lesão cariosa, ele pode se acumular ao esmalte dentário. / Like fluoride, lead (Pb) accumulates on the enamel surface pre-eruptively, but it is not yet known whether it also deposits on enamel while dental caries is developing. This study evaluates Pb distribution in bovine enamel slabs submitted to a pH-cycling regimen simulating the caries process. The slabs were subjected to 8 cycles of de- and remineralizing conditions, and Pb (as acetate salt) was added to the de- and remineralized solutions at concentrations of 30 μg/l (experimental group, E1) and 300 μg/l (experimental group, E2). The control group (C) consisted of solutions to which Pb was not added. After the pH cycling, 100 μm sections of the slabs were analyzed by polarizing microscopy, to observe the extent of caries-like lesions, and these sections were used for Pb estimation by Synchrotron radiation X-ray microfluorescence. Caries lesions were observed along all superficial enamel surfaces to an extent of 120 μm. A Pb concentration gradient was observed in enamel, which decreased toward dentine. The highest Pb signals were observed for group E2, and the differences were statistically significant at enamel depths of 0 (C vs. E2; p = 0.029) and 50 m (C vs. E2 and E1vs. E2; p = 0.029). In conclusion, this study suggests that if Pb is present in the oral environment, it may deposit in enamel during the caries process.