Aspectos da ecologia populacional do tuco-tuco-das-dunas (Ctenomys flamarioni) foram estudados na região costeira da Estação Ecológica do Taim, com o objetivo de determinar características ecológicas, como a estrutura populacional e o tamanho e a forma da área de vida (home-range), utilizando a radiotelemetria numa população de Ctenomys flamarioni. O estudo foi desenvolvido entre dezembro de 2011 a março de 2013, foram realizadas 06 campanhas a cada trimestre de acordo com as estações sazonais com duração de quatro dias consecutivos. A extensão da área de estudo definida abrangeu uma área de 6 ha. O tamanho da área de vida foi calculado pelo software Biotas 2.0, utilizando o estimador de Kernel (95%) e o estimador MCP (100%). Foram capturados 56 indivíduos de Ctenomys flamarioni, 18 machos e 38 fêmeas. Foram realizadas 59 recapturas. A estimativa do tamanho populacional indicou uma pequena oscilação na taxa populacional entre as campanhas de amostragens sazonais. O valor da densidade demográfica média encontrada foi de 3,92 ± 0,5 indivíduos por hectare. No estudo de rádio-telemetria obteve-se 169 localizações dos indivíduos monitorados. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram uma nítida diferença entre estes dois métodos. O tamanho médio de área da vida obtido em Kernel (95%) foi de 1.860,3 m2 ± 832,0 para as fêmeas e 2.168,3 m2 ± 2.597,5 para os machos. Já os resultados obtidos pelo método MCP foram de 707,1 m2 ± 230,1 nos para as fêmeas e 3.334,5 m2 ± 2.632,1 para os indivíduos machos. A utilização da ferramenta de rádio-telemetria se mostrou uma grande aliada para responder algumas questões encontradas no programa de marcação e recaptura, como a taxa de deslocamento, aspectos comportamentais e mortalidade. / I studied aspects of population ecology of the Tuco-tuco of the dunes (Ctenomys flamarioni), such as population structure and home-range size and shape, in the coastal region of the Taim Ecological Station. The study was conducted from December 2011 to March 2013, in six campaigns of four consecutive days. Sampling was stratified along the annual seasons. My study site comprised a strip of sand dunes of 500 X 120 meters, totaling an area of 6 ha. I captured 56 individuals of Ctenomys flamarioni, 18 males and 38 females, and registered 59 recapture events. Population size estimates indicated short term population oscillations between seasons, but a long term equilibrium, with population sizes similar at the beginning and at the end of my study. The average population density was 3.92 ± 0.5 individuals per hectare. Using radio-telemetry, I obtained 169 locations. The results showed a clear difference between the two methods used to estimate home-range. The average home-range obtained with Kernel (95%) was 1860.3 ± 832.0 m2 for females and 2168.3 ± 2597.5 m2 for males. Home-ranges estimated by the MCP were 707.1 ± 230.1 m2 for females and 3334.5 ± 2632.1 m2 for males. The use of radio telemetry proved to be a great ally to answer some questions raised with mark-recapture analyses, such as, the rate of displacement, mortality and behavioral aspects.

Orientadores: Sérgio Furtado dos Reis, Marco Aurelio Ribeiro de Mello / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T19:33:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rogeri_PatriciaKerches_M.pdf: 2667318 bytes, checksum: dc499b718c54abfc2ceccc3f989caae8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Estudos recentes têm sugerido especialização individual no uso de diferentes recursos por populações de animais. Em paisagens heterogêneas, é provável que ocorra também especialização individual no uso do espaço. Para testar essa hipótese, estudei uma população do morcego frugívoro Sturnira lilium (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) em uma área de cerrado no sudeste do Brasil. Testei também a previsão de que o uso das áreas pelos morcegos deve estar relacionado com a diferenças na distribuição espacial das principais plantas-alimento na área. Monitorei por radiotelemetria 13 indivíduos de S. lilium de junho a agosto de 2009 e de junho a agosto de 2010. Para medir a variação interindividual no uso do espaço, usei uma metodologia baseada em redes complexas. Com uma imagem de satélite de alta resolução da área de estudo, determinei 13 subáreas de acordo com o tipo predominante de habitat. Nessas subáreas, estimei a densidade das principais plantas-alimento de S. lilium e contei o número de pontos de atividade estimados para cada indivíduo. As áreas de uso totais estimadas variaram de 4 a 457 ha (110 ± 126,8). Observei grande variação interindividual no uso de áreas nucleares de forrageio (E = 0,80; P < 0,001), porém sem agrupamento ou superdispersão (Cws = -0,115; P = 1). A variação encontrada não foi explicada por sexo ou peso. Dois indivíduos concentraram sua atividade em subáreas com maior densidade de Solanaceae, quatro em subáreas com maior densidade de Piperaceae, e um em subáreas com maior densidade de Cecropiaceae. Estes resultados corroboram a hipótese de especialização individual no uso do espaço pela população de S. lilium estudada, estando a especialização aparentemente ligada à distribuição espacial das plantas-alimento. Essa variação interindividual pode ter consequências sobre a forma como morcegos S.lilium prestam serviços ambientais de dispersão de sementes e conectam elementos de paisagens fragmentadas / Abstract: Recent studies have pointed out individual specialization in resource use in animal populations. In heterogeneous landscapes, there is probably also individual specialization in the use of space. To test this hypothesis, I studied a population of the frugivorous bat Sturnira lilium (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in a cerrado area in southeastern Brazil. I also tested the prediction that the use of areas by bats should be related to differences in spatial distribution among the main food-plants. Thirteen S. lilium bats were radiotracked in June-August 2009 and June-August 2010. To measure individual specialization in space use I used an approach based on network theory. With a high-resolution satellite image of the study area, I determined 13 subareas according to predominant habitat type. In these subareas, I estimated the density of the main food-plants of S. lilium and counted the number of activity points estimated for each individual bat. The estimated total areas of use varied from 4 to 457 ha (110 ± 126,8). I observed large interindividual variation in the use of core foraging areas (E = 0,80; P < 0,001) but no clustering or overdispersion (Cws = -0,115; P = 1). The variation found was not explained by sex or weight. Two individuals concentrated their activity in subareas with higher density of Solanaceae, four in subareas with higher density of Piperaceae, and one in subareas with higher density of Cecropiaceae. These results corroborate the hypothesis of individual specialization in the use of space by the S. lilium population studied, which seems to be linked to uneven distribution of food-plants. This interindividual variation may affect the way S. lilium provides environmental services of seed dispersal and connect elements of fragmented landscapes / Mestrado / Ecologia / Mestre em Ecologia

Ruffed grouse populations are low in Appalachian forests, possibly because low habitat quality negatively affects survival, condition, and reproduction. Through the Appalachian Cooperative Grouse Research Project (ACGRP) researchers tracked >1500 radioed grouse at 10 study sites (1996__2002). To improve our understanding of Appalachian grouse habitat ecology, I carried out two primary analyses of this database. First, grouse should be under selective pressure to minimize movements, so I studied factors associated with variation in home range size. Second, importance of a habitat is affected by an individual's resource needs, and I investigated factors associated with variation in selection of "preferred" habitats. Both approaches yielded important insights into the species' regional habitat ecology. As elsewhere, clearcuts, which afford escape cover, formed the cornerstone of grouse habitat in the region. However, a number of other factors were also important. At the root of this was a divergence in habitat ecology between grouse inhabiting the two major forest types in the region. In oak-hickory forests nutritional constraint strongly influenced habitat use. Grouse home ranges increased 2.5x following poor hard mast crops, and at these times grouse increased use of alternate foraging habitats. Grouse, especially females and broods, made extensive use of mesic bottomlands and forest edges, which in oak-hickory forests support relatively abundant soft mast and herbaceous forages. In contrast, grouse inhabiting mixed mesophytic forests were insensitive to hard mast, did not select bottomlands, reduced use of forest edges, and increased use of clearcuts. I feel that greater abundance of birch, cherry, and aspen, buds of which are a high quality winter food, relieves nutritional stress on grouse inhabiting mesophytic forests. A general inference was that grouse attempted to balance competing strategies of maximizing either survival or condition, and the expression of this tradeoff was mediated by forest composition. Also presented here were studies of radiotelemetry error, roost site selection, and suitability of prescribed burning as a habitat improvement technique. In the closing chapter I make recommendations for managing Appalachian forests for grouse, which focus on improving winter foraging habitat, brood habitat, and escape cover, all of which are limiting in Appalachian forests. / Ph. D.

I radiotracked 31 bog turtles (<i>Clemmys muhlenbergii</i>) from May 1995 to December 1996 at 4 study areas in southwestern Virginia. Radio location data were used to provide measures of annual activity, spatial distributions of animals, and habitat selection. The techniques I used in this study were as follows: distance measurements between consecutive locations, home range estimators (Minimum Convex Polygon [MCP] and cluster analysis), compositional analysis of habitat selection, and measurement of microhabitat variables. Results suggest a random pattern of movement by bog turtles within habitats. Average net movements recorded between consecutive locations (separated by < 7 days) during 1995 and 1996 measured 15 m and 20 m for females and 14 m and 23 m for males respectively. Eighty-six percent of all net movements (n = 824) were less than 30 m, whereas only 2% were greater than 100 m. In 1996, average home range sizes (95% MCP, 95% cluster) were 0.47 ha and 0.17 ha for females and were 0.57 ha and 0.13 ha for males. Bog turtles selected wet meadow areas and bulrush (<i>Scirpus</i> spp.) patches more than expected randomly and avoided dry meadow areas and streams. Turtles were located more frequently in mud (x = 24.3 cm) and water (x = 5.2 cm) than expected by random selection (P < 0.001). I found no differences between sexes in movement, home range, or habitat selection by bog turtles. Bog turtles select specialized habitat types and microhabitats within wetlands. Large-scale movements are infrequent and the risk of site isolation may be high if wetland habitat loss continues at historic rates. Future management should protect spatially-close sites which contain multiple habitat types, soft substrate, and pockets of water. / Master of Science

Reproduction ability is the key factor for survival and dispersal of every species. There is, however, only limited information about reproduction of large-bodied fish. Males of European catfish, our biggest native fish, build nests in vegetation and mate there later with females. After succesful mating male guards the nest and takes care of eggs and fry. According to literature, the act of reproduction should take place at nights with water temperature from 18 to 24 řC. However, available records about reproductive behaviour are outdated, fragmentary or come from aquacultures. Thus, a study was designed to evaluate behaviour of European catfish in their natural environment in the Berounka river using radiotelemetry, the results of which I processed in this thesis. Spatial distribution of catfish was followed during the whole year, with special attention on separating mating season from the rest of the year. The goal was to determine conditions characteristic for the mating period and to verify that catfish in the field indeed reproduce in pairs. For this purpose, 10 adults were tracked for two-year period (2002-2004) in the Berounka river by radiotelemetry. Exact positions of all individuals were followed in fourteen-day cycles. In every tracking episode, the position of an individual fish was...

O movimento dos animais desempenha papel importante na aptidão dos indivíduos, no fluxo gênico, na dinâmica de metapopulações e na persistência, a longo prazo, de espécies em um ambiente. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi compreender aspectos relacionados à ecologia do movimento da rã-manteiga (Leptodactylus latrans) e da rã-touro (Lithobates catesbeianus). Para isso, indivíduos de ambas as espécies foram marcados com radiotransmissores e rastreados com o objetivo de coletar informações sobre seus movimentos. Ressaltamos os seguintes resultados deste trabalho: (1) a área de vida média de L. latrans é de 2034,2 m2; (2) com o aumento do tamanho corpóreo de anuros há o aumento do tamanho da área de vida; (3) indivíduos de L. latrans se locomovem mais em noites escuras, chuvosas e quentes; e (4) o aumento da pressão de propágulos não reflete uma maior probabilidade no aumento da distribuição geográfica de uma dada população de L. catesbeianus. Entender os padrões de locomoção dos anfíbios e como utilizam o espaço na natureza é fundamental para o entendimento de processos ecológicos e evolutivos relacionados às histórias de vida das espécies desse grupo. Além disso, esse conhecimento serve como uma ferramenta importante no estabelecimento de limites de áreas de conservação com significado biológico para espécies ameaçadas. Ainda, saber como espécies invasoras se locomovem é um dos primeiros passos para que se tomem medidas de controle populacional e para o bloqueio do avanço da distribuição de espécies exóticas / The ability of animals to move plays an important role in individual fitness, gene flow, population regulation, metapopulation dynamics and long-term persistence of species. The aim of this study was to understand aspects related to the movement ecology of the Butter Frog (Leptadactylus latrans) and the Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus). We collected movement data by radio tracking individuals of both species. Some of the most important results obtained were: (1) the mean home range of L. latrans is 2034.2 m2; (2) increasing body size increases home range size in anurans; (3) individuals of L. latrans are more likely to move larger distances in dark, rainy and warm nights; (4) the increase in propagule pressure does not reflect an increase in the probability of geographical spread of a given population of L. catesbeianus. Understanding how amphibians move and use the space in nature is fundamental for the understanding of basic ecological and evolutionary processes related to life history of the species. Moreover, this knowledge is a useful tool to establish biologically meaningful conservation boundary areas to threatened species. Yet, understanding how invasive species move in nature is one of the first steps to population control and to block the spread of geographical distribution of exotic species

Healthy term pregnancy requires precisely timed coordination of multiple systems, including reproductive, neuroendocrine, immune and cardiovascular. Dynamic maternal alterations occur systemically as well as locally within the reproductive tract. Systemic cardiovascular changes during gestation are relatively conserved in mammals, permitting comparison. These physiological changes are relatively acute and reversible, in contrast to the pathological changes seen during cardiovascular disease development. Gestational hypertensive disorders, such as preeclampsia, are the leading causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of preeclampsia is not fully elucidated, but perturbation of the immune system is a fundamental component. The angiogenic and vascular properties of uterine NK lymphocytes have been well studied in mice and women, but their relationships to gestational blood pressure regulation and cardiovascular adaptations have not been addressed. In non-pregnant women and mice, T cells, but not B cells, have been found to alter cardiovascular functioning. NK cells in humans also possess these capabilities, but no functional studies have been completed. The aim of this thesis was to define the role of NK and T lymphocytes in cardiovascular adaptations during mouse gestation. Using chronic radiotelemetry, histology, post-mortem and other techniques, female inbred mice of differing genotypes that lack specific lymphocyte subsets were compared before and across gestation. In normal, immune competent mice, a five-phase gestational blood pressure profile was found. This dynamic profile corresponded to stages of placental development. In mice with a compound deficit in arterial modification and lymphocytes, no gestational hypertension was observed. To elevate the maternal challenge of pregnancy, studies of pregnant, autoimmune Type 1 Diabetic mice were conducted. Impaired spiral artery remodeling, dysfunctional lymphocytes and growth-restricted fetuses were identified. From mid-gestation, diabetic pregnant mice were hypotensive and bradycardic and showed signs of pre-renal failure (proteinuria and electrolyte imbalances). In pregnant mice lacking T cells, tachycardia was observed despite otherwise normal gestational outcomes. In pregnant mice lacking T cells with impaired NK cells, blood pressure was blunted and tachycardia was observed. These findings support the conclusion that impaired spiral artery remodeling is insufficient to cause gestational hypertension in mice. The data further identify a role for T and NK cells in cardiac function during gestation. / Thesis (Ph.D, Anatomy & Cell Biology) -- Queen's University, 2010-09-01 20:56:15.648

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-07-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:46:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pereira_rjg_dr_jabo.pdf: 242711 bytes, checksum: 723f7381e49b4cd2159897db271a8b96 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Apesar da radiotelemetria ser considerada uma ferramenta valiosa em estudos ornitológicos, algumas teorias relativas ao impacto de radiotransmissores sobre a estimativa de parâmetros comportamentais, ecológicos e reprodutivos podem ser encontradas em literatura. Com o intuito de avaliar os potenciais efeitos fisiológicos de radiotransmissores do tipo mochila em falcões quiri-quiri (Falco sparverius) de vida livre, oito machos desta espécie foram capturados e divididos em dois grupos: indivíduos marcados com radiotransmissores (aproximadamente 5% do peso vivo, n = 6) e indivíduos controle (anilhados, n = 2). Em seguida, amostras fecais foram coletadas duas horas após a captura (dia −1) e durante os dias 0 (definido como o dia de soltura dos animais), 4, 7, 15, 30, 40 e 55. Previamente às análises laboratoriais, o ensaio imunoenzimático para dosagem de glucocorticóides fecais foi testado empregando procedimentos padrões de validação hormonal (paralelismo, curva de dose-resposta, validação fisiológica e coeficientes de variação inter- e intra-ensaio). Em relação aos machos monitorados, ambos os grupos apresentaram um aumento significativo nos níveis de glucocorticóides fecais durante o dia 0 (P < 0,001), mas as concentrações retornaram aos níveis pré-equipagem após 4 dias da soltura. Além disso, os níveis de glucocorticóides fecais não diferiram significativamente entre os falcões radiomarcados e os anilhados durante os 55 dias de monitoramento (P > 0,05). Embora o número de indivíduos neste estudo seja reduzido, estes resultados sugerem que radiotransmissores do tipo mochila não induzem efeitos persistentes sobre a atividade adrenal de machos de falcões quiri-quiri de vida livre. Considerando a literatura consultada, esta é a primeira pesquisa a analisar os efeitos de radiotransmissores sobre a resposta adrecortical de aves de vida livre. / Although radiotelemetry is considered a valuable technique for ornithological field studies, several assumptions have been made about the impact that transmitters may cause on the estimation of behavioral, ecological and reproductive parameters. To assess potential effects of backpack radiotransmitters, we captured and assigned 8 male American kestrels (Falco sparverius) in 2 groups: radio-tagged (n = 6) and control individuals (leg-banded, n = 2). Thereafter, we collected feces two hr after capture (day −1), and subsequently during days 0 (releasing day), 1, 4, 7, 15, 30, 40 and 55. Prior to fecal analysis, EIA corticosterone assay was validated using standard procedures (e.g. parallelism, dose-response curve), and physiological significance of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites was confirmed through adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) challenge, which induce an increase of 4-fold (446.10 ± 60.73 ng/ g) above baseline (114.27 ± 15.23 ng/ g) within 4 hr (P < 0.001). Both groups exhibited a significant increase in fecal glucocorticoids during day 0 (P < 0.001), but concentrations returned to pre-attachment values within 4 days. Fecal glucocorticoid concentrations did not differ between samples of radio-tagged and leg-banded kestrels (P > 0.05). In spite of the small number of monitored subjects, these findings suggested that radiotransmitters did not affect adrenocortical activity in male American kestrel. To our knowledge, this is the first research to evaluate the effects of transmitters on stress responses in free-ranging birds.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:29:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseFMN.pdf: 5707463 bytes, checksum: fe6a0e2bcb65f17c1035187cf92cfa2f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-04-16 / Among the present mammals in the units of conservation Estação Ecológica de Jataí (EEJ) and Parque Estadual de Vassununga (PEV) and in the unit of production, Estação Experimental de Luiz Antônio (EELA), located in the northeast of the State of São Paulo, are the peccaries, Tayassu tajacu. Between March of 2000 and January of 2004, the home range of them, the use of the space, diet and the impacts on the populations in these areas were studied. For obtaining the data, the radiotelemetry technique was used as tool and methods of terrestrial tracking. Seven peccaries received radio-collars for monitoring. It was established four home ranges being three referring to each one of the peccaries of the Estação Ecológica de Jataí (EEJ) and Estação Experimental de Luiz Antônio with 161, 930 and 1.387 hectares and one regarding of the Parque Estadual de Vassununga (PEV), with 350 hectares. It were identified 22 species of plants used by the peccaries and 16 of wich were of confirmed use in the diet, five were considered as of probable use and one species was used as shelter. The diet also included ingested fruits of two palm trees (Família Arecaceae), other native species and five exotic species cultivated at orchards of EELA. It was identified some in this study factors that can be interfering negatively on the populations of peccaries and of other animals as weed killer application, hunts and activities of collection of exotic wood. Indirect impacts were also identified showing the need to improve the system of administration of units of conservation, including the definition of Management Plans that prioritize the regional biodiversity. / Dentre os mamíferos presentes nas unidades de conservação Estação Ecológica de Jataí (EEJ) e Parque Estadual de Vassununga (PEV) e na unidade de produção, Estação Experimental de Luiz Antônio (EELA), áreas situadas no nordeste do Estado de São Paulo, estão os catetos, Tayassu tajacu. Entre Março de 2000 e Janeiro de 2004 foram estudados as áreas de vida destes animais, o uso do espaço, a dieta e os impactos sobre as populações nas áreas estudadas. Para obtenção dos dados foi utilizada a técnica de radiotelemetria como ferramenta e métodos de rastreamento terrestre. Sete catetos receberam rádio-colares para monitoramento. Foram determinadas quatro áreas de vida sendo três referentes a cada um dos animais da Estação Ecológica de Jataí (EEJ) e Estação Experimental de Luiz Antônio (EELA) com 161, 930 e 1.387 hectares e uma referente ao Parque Estadual de Vassununga (PEV) com 350 hectares. Foram evidenciadas 22 espécies de plantas utilizadas pelos catetos, das quais 16 de uso confirmado na dieta alimentar, cinco consideradas como de uso provável e uma espécie usada como abrigo. Foram também observadas como itens da dieta alimentar frutos de duas palmeiras (Família Arecaceae) e de outras espécies nativas, além de cinco espécies exóticas cultivadas em pomares da EELA. Foram identificados alguns fatores que interferem negativamente sobre as populações de catetos e de outros animais relacionados com a aplicação de agrotóxicos e atividades de caça e de coleta de madeira exótica. Impactos indiretos foram também identificados mostrando a necessidade de implementar um sistema de gestão de unidades de conservação para a região, incluindo a definição de Planos de Manejo que priorizem a biodiversidade regional.