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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Adhérence des patients et des médecins aux traitements anti grippaux préventifs et curatifs : de la grippe saisonnière à l’épisode grippe pandémique 2009(H1N1)pdm09 / Adherence to influenza preventive and curative treatments : from seasonal epidemics to pandemics

Flicoteaux, Rémi 28 September 2017 (has links)
L’étude du comportement des patients en regard des prescriptions et recommandations qui leur sont faites dans le domaine de la santé est un domaine d’étude qui connaît un essor important. Aujourd’hui, ces comportements se déclinent au sein d’une relation forte entre patients et médecins, ce qu’illustrent par exemple de nombreuses données sur la vaccination. Par ailleurs, l’adhérence joue un rôle majeur à la phase d’évaluation des médicaments, et malgré des investissements importants, elle reste un élément limitant qui peut conduire à rendre difficile l’évaluation de l’efficacité des traitements dans le cadre des essais randomisés. Dans le cas de la grippe, les enjeux de l’étude de ces comportements sont multiples, ils concernent à la fois la vaccination et les traitements antiviraux, à la fois les épidémies de grippe saisonnière et les pandémies dues à des virus émergents. A travers deux études sur l’acceptabilité de la vaccination pandémique et sur l’adhérence au traitement antiviral contre la grippe saisonnière, nous dressons un état des lieux des principaux enjeux liés au suivi des comportements des patients et des médecins. Le travail tente de mettre en évidence l’articulation entre grippe saisonnière et pandémique et nous avons étudié comment les politiques de préparation et de lutte contre la pandémie avaient pu avoir d’importantes conséquences au sein de la communauté scientifique et dans la population. Les résultats publiés apportent un éclairage sur les pratiques des médecins généralistes dans le cadre de la pandémie et sur l’adhérence des patients aux traitements anti-viraux dans le cadre d’un essai clinique randomisé. / In recent years there have been an increased interest in the scientific community for studying how patients conform, or not, to their corresponding prescribed or recommended therapies. Recent data from evaluation of vaccination policy made very clear that those behaviors have to be seen as a component of the strong relation that patients engage with their physician. They are also playing a strong role in the evaluation of treatment efficacy. Indeed the lack of measure and control of adherence to the evaluated intervention,especially in ambulatory medicine, can lead to major bias in the analysis that would give a measure of efficacy. In the context of influenza, those behaviors can have a strong impact on the epidemiology of the disease in a seasonal epidemic context and during pandemics.They concern both the acceptability of vaccination and the adherence to anti-viral therapy. We studied those dimensions through two studies, one survey of general practitioners upon the pandemic vaccinatio, and an analysis of patient adherence to antivirals. Due to its epidemic characteristics, influenza is concerned by global policies, and through those studies we discuss the relationship between those policies and patient’s adherence, and how they make a link between seasonal epidemic and pandemic.
2

Suplementação de vitamina A em lactantes: revisão sistemática / Vitamin A supplementation for breastfeeding mothers: systematic review

Oliveira, Julicristie Machado de 12 September 2006 (has links)
Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da suplementação de vitamina A em lactantes, por intermédio de uma revisão sistemática. Métodos: Realizou-se buscas por ensaios aleatorizados controlados em bases de dados bibliográficos. Localizou-se 2.547 resumos que foram lidos e selecionados por dois examinadores, segundo critérios de elegibilidade e qualidade. Foram considerados elegíveis e apresentando qualidade 16 estudos, cujos dados foram extraídos e armazenados no Excel. Para os desfechos clínicos efeitos adversos e morbi-mortalidade materna e infantil, não foi possível realizar metanálise. Para os desfechos concentração de retinol sérico e no leite, realizou-se metanálise. Resultados: Não foram descritas diferenças estatisticamente significativas na ocorrência de diarréia, infecção respiratória e pneumonia entre crianças dos grupos com e sem suplementação. Observou-se menores prevalências de evacuações aquosas e cegueira noturna em lactantes suplementadas, porém sem proteção em relação à mortalidade. Observou-se menor ocorrência de níveis de retinol no leite <0,28&#956;mol/g de lipídio no grupo suplementado aos seis meses (OR=0,73; IC95%: 0,54 – 0,99), mas não aos nove meses pós-parto (0,82; IC95%:0,59 – 1,14). Para os níveis de retinol sérico infantis e maternos, obteve-se diferença de médias sumária de 0,25&#956;mol/L (IC95%: 0,16 – 0,34) e 0,14&#956;mol/L (IC95%: 0,02 – 0,26) aos três meses pós-parto. Conclusões: Não há evidências de benefícios da suplementação em relação à morbi-mortalidade infantil e mortalidade materna. Há indicação de que a suplementação seja protetora em relação à morbidade materna, esteja relacionada à manutenção de teor adequado de retinol no leite humano até o sexto mês e à maior concentração sérica de retinol materno e infantil no terceiro mês pós-parto. / Objective: To assess the effects of vitamin A supplementation for breastfeeding mothers through a systematic review. Methods: Searches for randomized controlled trials were performed in bibliographic databases. The searches resulted in 2,547 summaries that were read and selected by two raters, by eligibility and quality criteria. Data from 16 quality studies were extracted and stored in Excel. It was not possible to carry out the meta-analysis for the clinical outcomes of adverse effects and maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. The meta-analysis was performed for retinol concentration in the serum and human milk. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed for diarrhea, respiratory infection or pneumonia between supplemented and non-supplemented infant groups. Reduced prevalences of loose stools and night blindness were observed in supplemented lactating women, but without protection for mortality. Lower occurrences of milk retinol concentration were observed <0.28&#956;mol/g of lipid in the supplemented group at six months (OR=0.73; IC95%: 0.54 – 0.99), but not at nine months postpartum (0.82; IC95%:0.59 – 1.14). For infant and maternal serum retinol, the average difference in means was 0.25&#956;mol/L (IC95%: 0.16 – 0.34) and 0.14&#956;mol/L (IC95%: 0.02 – 0.26) at three months postpartum. Conclusions: There is no evidence of the benefit of supplementation for infant morbidity and mortality or for maternal mortality. There is an indication that the protection given by supplementation for maternal morbidity is related to suitable retinol levels in human milk until the sixth month postpartum and to the higher retinol concentration in maternal and infant serum in the third month postpartum.
3

Suplementação de vitamina A em lactantes: revisão sistemática / Vitamin A supplementation for breastfeeding mothers: systematic review

Julicristie Machado de Oliveira 12 September 2006 (has links)
Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da suplementação de vitamina A em lactantes, por intermédio de uma revisão sistemática. Métodos: Realizou-se buscas por ensaios aleatorizados controlados em bases de dados bibliográficos. Localizou-se 2.547 resumos que foram lidos e selecionados por dois examinadores, segundo critérios de elegibilidade e qualidade. Foram considerados elegíveis e apresentando qualidade 16 estudos, cujos dados foram extraídos e armazenados no Excel. Para os desfechos clínicos efeitos adversos e morbi-mortalidade materna e infantil, não foi possível realizar metanálise. Para os desfechos concentração de retinol sérico e no leite, realizou-se metanálise. Resultados: Não foram descritas diferenças estatisticamente significativas na ocorrência de diarréia, infecção respiratória e pneumonia entre crianças dos grupos com e sem suplementação. Observou-se menores prevalências de evacuações aquosas e cegueira noturna em lactantes suplementadas, porém sem proteção em relação à mortalidade. Observou-se menor ocorrência de níveis de retinol no leite <0,28&#956;mol/g de lipídio no grupo suplementado aos seis meses (OR=0,73; IC95%: 0,54 – 0,99), mas não aos nove meses pós-parto (0,82; IC95%:0,59 – 1,14). Para os níveis de retinol sérico infantis e maternos, obteve-se diferença de médias sumária de 0,25&#956;mol/L (IC95%: 0,16 – 0,34) e 0,14&#956;mol/L (IC95%: 0,02 – 0,26) aos três meses pós-parto. Conclusões: Não há evidências de benefícios da suplementação em relação à morbi-mortalidade infantil e mortalidade materna. Há indicação de que a suplementação seja protetora em relação à morbidade materna, esteja relacionada à manutenção de teor adequado de retinol no leite humano até o sexto mês e à maior concentração sérica de retinol materno e infantil no terceiro mês pós-parto. / Objective: To assess the effects of vitamin A supplementation for breastfeeding mothers through a systematic review. Methods: Searches for randomized controlled trials were performed in bibliographic databases. The searches resulted in 2,547 summaries that were read and selected by two raters, by eligibility and quality criteria. Data from 16 quality studies were extracted and stored in Excel. It was not possible to carry out the meta-analysis for the clinical outcomes of adverse effects and maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. The meta-analysis was performed for retinol concentration in the serum and human milk. Results: No statistically significant differences were observed for diarrhea, respiratory infection or pneumonia between supplemented and non-supplemented infant groups. Reduced prevalences of loose stools and night blindness were observed in supplemented lactating women, but without protection for mortality. Lower occurrences of milk retinol concentration were observed <0.28&#956;mol/g of lipid in the supplemented group at six months (OR=0.73; IC95%: 0.54 – 0.99), but not at nine months postpartum (0.82; IC95%:0.59 – 1.14). For infant and maternal serum retinol, the average difference in means was 0.25&#956;mol/L (IC95%: 0.16 – 0.34) and 0.14&#956;mol/L (IC95%: 0.02 – 0.26) at three months postpartum. Conclusions: There is no evidence of the benefit of supplementation for infant morbidity and mortality or for maternal mortality. There is an indication that the protection given by supplementation for maternal morbidity is related to suitable retinol levels in human milk until the sixth month postpartum and to the higher retinol concentration in maternal and infant serum in the third month postpartum.

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