Serving geospatial data collected from remote sensing methods (satellite images, areal photos, etc.) have become crutial in many geographic information system (GIS) applications such as disaster management, municipality applications, climatology, environmental observations, military applications, etc. Even in today&rsquo / s highly developed information systems, geospatial image data requies huge amount of physical storage spaces and such characteristics of geospatial image data make its usage limited in above mentioned applications. For this reason, web-based GIS applications can benefit from geospatial image streaming through web-based architectures. Progressive transmission of geospatial image and map data on web-based architectures is implemented with the developed image streaming methodology. The software developed allows user interaction in such a way that the users will visualize the images according to their level of detail. In this way geospatial data is served to the users in an efficient way. The main methods used to transmit geospatial images are serving tiled image pyramids and serving wavelet based compressed bitstreams. Generally, in GIS applications, tiled image pyramids that contain copies of raster datasets at different resolutions are used rather than differences between resolutions. Thus, redundant data is transmitted from GIS server with different resolutions of a region while using tiled image pyramids. Wavelet based methods decreases redundancy. On the other hand methods that use wavelet compressed bitsreams requires to transform the whole dataset before the transmission. A hybrid streaming methodology is developed to decrease the redundancy of tiled image pyramids integrated with wavelets which does not require transforming and encoding whole dataset. Tile parts&rsquo / coefficients produced with the methodlogy are encoded with JPEG 2000, which is an efficient technology to compress images at wavelet domain.

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Wildfire hazard and its destructive consequences have become a growing issue around the world especially in the context of global warming. An effective and efficient fire simulation model will make it possible to predict the fire spread and assist firefighters in the process of controlling the damage and containing the fire area. Simulating wildfire spread remains challenging due to the complexity of fire behaviors. The raster-based method and the vector-based method are two major approaches that allow one to perform computerized fire spread simulation. In this thesis, we present a scheme we have developed that utilizes a level set method to build a fire spread simulation model. The scheme applies the strengths and overcomes some of the shortcomings of the two major types of simulation method. We store fire data and local rules at cells. Instead of calculating which are the next ignition points cell by cell, we apply Huygens' principle and elliptical spread assumption to calculate the direction and distance of the expanding fire by the level set method. The advantage to storing data at cells is that it makes our simulation model more suitable for heterogeneous fuel and complex topographic environment. Using a level set method for our simulation model makes it possible to overcome the crossover problem. Another strength of the level set method is its continuous data processing. Applying the level set method in the simulation models, we need fewer vector points than raster cells to produce a more realistic fire shape. We demonstrate this fire simulation model through two implementations using narrow band level set method and fast marching method. The simulated results are compared to the real fire image data generated from Troy and Colina fires. The simulation data are then studied and compared. The ultimate goal is to apply this simulation model to the broader picture to better predict different types of fires such as crown fire, spotting fires, etc.

In diesem Beitrag werden erste Ergebnisse der Überführung qualitativer vektorbasierter Flächennutzungsinformationen in Rasterkarten vorgestellt. Dazu wird insbesondere auf die Überführung der baulich geprägten Siedlungsfläche (im Folgenden Siedlungsfläche genannt) und deren Abbildung im Raster samt den damit einhergehenden Transformationseffekten eingegangen. Neben der monotemporären Darstellung ist auch das Monitoring für die Beurteilung der zeitlichen Entwicklung von Bedeutung.

Techn. Universiẗat, Diss., 2006--Dresden.

The goal of this Diploma thesis is to create suitable materials that could be used by teachers teaching the program GIMP at elementary schools. GIMP graphic editor is an open source program released under the GPL licence and is used for raster graphics tool. Its quality is comparable to many other similar top graphic editors that, contrary to GIMP, are not for free.

The thesis deals with geographical information systems ( GIS) which are nowadays common tools for use in civil service and local administration. The theoretical part is focused on more detailed characterization of these systems including issues concerning geographical data and data base systems. The description of the particular GIS software solution for the selected village of Dolní Újezd in the application of ArcInfo is the main contain of the practical sections. The creation of spatial analysis is a component of the project with the aim of finding a suitable location for benches for public use. The resulting project called “GIS Dolní Újezd”wil be used by the local council in Dolní Újezd.

This paper demonstrates object oriented geographic databases's applying. It is based on geographic information systems. It describes properties of geographical information systems and their uses in practise. There are also described main properties and methods of object oriented standards in this paper. All of them are used in geographical oriented systems. New ideas are defined, object oriented raster, object oriented vector and some methods defining storing these items in object oriented database. Proposal for a method of storing data in a geographical object-oriented database is supported by case study.

I skolan ställs höga krav på elevers sociala kompetens och förmåga att skapa och upprätthålla relationeri allmänhet och för elever som har funktionsvariationer i synnerhet (Andersson, 2020). Aktuell forskning visar även att socialt utanförskap har negativ inverkan på kunskapsinlärningen då denna påverkar både fysiskt- och psykiskt mående medan trygga, inkluderade och delaktiga elever lättare når framgångar i sitt lärande. Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka hur skolpersonal på grund- och grundsärskolan arbetar för att stödja elever som har funktionsvariationer att ingå i det sociala samspelet på rasterna. Studien ville också synliggöra förslag på förbättringsområden i de deltagande skolornas avseende arbetet som avsåg att främja elevers delaktighet och gemenskap under rasterna. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats där observationer och semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med tio skolpersonal från grund- och grundsärskolan. Intervjuerna spelades in och transkriberades i sina helheter för att samband och mönster skulle synliggöras. Resultatet har analyserats utifrån Antonovskys salutogena teori och begreppet KASAM samt den sociokulturella teorin. Studiens slutsats är att arbetet med att stötta elever som inte naturligt ingår i gemenskap med andra elever under rasterna bör ha samma uppmärksamhet under skoldagen som kunskapsutveckling. I detta arbete framkommer att kommunikativa färdigheter har stor betydelse för möjligheter till inkludering på rasterna. Skolpersonalen uppvisade hög ambitionsnivå i arbetet med att anpassa och tillrättalägga rastmiljön för eleverna, samtidigt beskrevs brister i de organisatoriska förutsättningarna beträffande metoder som förenklade samarbetet mellan olika yrkeskategorier för att nå samsyn kring krav och anpassningar.

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