Abstract and Keywords  The thesis concerns different conceptions of rationality and their implications for organisations, especially in the public sector. The focus is on performance management (as widely defined) within public sector organisations as a subject for exploring these issues. This has long been controversial because seemingly simplistic approaches to performance management persist, despite well recognised shortcomings, such as a tendency to perverse incentives and unintended outcomes.  Therefore, in the kappa, I analyse the notion of instrumental rationality, examine the established critique of instrumental rationality from a ‘political’ perspective and present the dilemma that this creates; i.e. how to improve processes of resource allocation and performance evaluation, while recognising organisational realities such as imbalances in power. The potential of communicative rationality as an alternative conceptualisation of rationality in organisations is then discussed.    The development of public sector management from the fiscal crises of the 1970s is explained, with the rise of the ‘New Public Management’ based on neo-liberal ideas, and the subsequent opposition to it from ‘New Public Governance’ and ‘New Public Services’ paradigms. These potentially give more scope to participative and deliberative processes of generating performance measurement packages and control systems. Moreover, in practice, particularly interesting examples of participatory approaches have been found in developing countries which align with communicative rationality. A critical position is adopted in the thesis, seeking to challenge ‘managerialist’ orthodoxies.  As a theoretical guide to understanding these issues, conceptual frameworks from the management control literature are used. Broadbent and Laughlin’s (2009) conceptual model of performance management systems has been of particular value. They draw on Weber and Habermas to distinguish between instrumental and communicative rationality models and between transactional and relational performance management systems. This enables them to identify two distinct ideal types of ‘rationality clusters’ (instrumental and communicative) to which organisations will incline. They also contend that contingent factors influence where actual organisations are located between these two ideal types.          7  The four papers I have selected for the licentiate from my various publications report on research carried out in three different public sector settings using different methods of investigation. Paper 1 considers the approaches to resource allocation and performance measurement then used by English Health Authorities at the time of writing. In Paper 2 an evaluation carried out at an English police service, utilising cost-consequences analysis, is described and discussed. Papers 3 and 4 concern a performance management regime for the English ambulance service, which became noted for promoting perverse incentives and ‘gaming’, and its subsequent replacement. The first two papers foreground issues of rationality and the last two issues of performance management; but these topics are interrelated and are relevant throughout. It is argued in all the papers that comprehensively ‘rationalistic’ approaches are flawed and that participation, deliberation and dialogue between stakeholders are desirable.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:53:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RUBSON MARQUES RODRIGUES.pdf: 5458523 bytes, checksum: 87c00592d650bbe336e028daa9942437 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-11 / The present investigation of theoretical-bibliographic-documental aspect was developed on the basis of the dialectic method. Treats with the theme difficulties between instrumental rationality and substantive rationality in the management practice of professionals formed in administration's graduation degree. It focuses on the science and the technique's advance, in with the manager, when size the knowledge technologies, runs with efficiency the modern productive organizations, with the objective of gain profit with effectiveness in the effectivity of the surplus extraction. In this sense, the manager takes part of a group of professionals that maintains the logic of the production relations of capitalist society. This study looked for understand the relation of the manager and the capitalist mode of production with the current state of the work depreciation, in a society sustained by the market laws that imposes to many the rights deprivation, the unemployment anguish, transforming them into "socials ungrouped". Here comes the inquiry: The tension between the substantive rationality and the instrumental rationality leads the professional formed in administration's graduation degree to act in a way that violent his human condition? The tension between substantive rationality and instrumental rationality that goes through the manager's day by day in his management practices of the modern organizations was analyzed from the development on the comparative study with regard to the influences of the referred rationalities in the act of the manager formed in full graduation degree. It demonstrates that the philosophical basis of the modern science in his rational instrumental side is the main theoretical set of formation and qualification of the manager, endowing him with a profile appropriated to the laws of the market society, at the same time that transforms him into an instrument of the capitalists to keep the logic of the production relations of the contemporary world. This occurs, remarkably, because of the "semiformation" that he was submitted. Owner of an acritical formation, the manager has difficulties to exercise the auto-reflection. Therefore, the manager is taken to see the other people and himself as things, because the society that he serves, itself transformed in a thing, has under its commands every social imperatives that just counts and measures results. Things are measured and evaluated by the supply and demand market law, determining his exchanging value, in a dynamic known as fetish of the goods (MARX, 1978). The opposite way can be tracked by the alternative of formative experiences, in which the education headed to the critical auto-reflection favors the transformation of the individual in subject. It suggests, therefore, in this dissertation that the manager theoreticals, the coordinators, teachers and students of the Administration's graduation degree look for deepen their knowledge of the substantive rationality, having in sight what was demonstrated in this work: in the day by day of the manager practice the behaviors of the members of a productive group are not unilaterals, they shift into actions moved by instrumental and substantive rationalities, perpetuating the tense duality between both rationalities. / A presente investigação de cunho teórico-bibliográfico-documental foi desenvolvida com base no método dialético. Trata o tema dificuldades entre racionalidade instrumental e racionalidade substantiva na prática gestionária de administradores formados em Curso de Graduação. Enfoca-se o avanço da ciência e da técnica, em que o administrador, ao deter o conhecimento das tecnologias, gere com eficiência as organizações produtivas modernas, com o objetivo de auferir lucro com eficácia na efetividade da extração de mais-valia. Nesse sentido, o administrador faz parte de um grupo de profissionais que mantém a lógica das relações de produção da sociedade capitalista. Buscou-se neste estudo, compreender a relação do administrador e do modo de produção capitalista com o atual estágio de precarização do trabalho, em uma sociedade sustentada pelas leis mercadológicas que impõe a muitos, a privação de direitos, a angústia do desemprego, transformando-os em desfiliados sociais . Indaga-se então: Como compreender um profissional que, tendo a razão substantiva como imanente à sua condição humana, age movido pela razão instrumental, que não lhe é própria, mas imposta exteriormente, e se transforma em sua segunda natureza? A tensão entre racionalidade instrumental e racionalidade substantiva que atravessa o cotidiano do administrador nas suas práticas gestionárias das organizações modernas foi analisada a partir do desenvolvimento do estudo comparativo a respeito das influências das referidas racionalidades no agir do administrador formado em curso de graduação plena. Demonstra-se que a base filosófica da ciência moderna na sua vertente racional instrumental é o principal arcabouço teórico de formação e qualificação do administrador, dotando-o de um perfil adequado às leis da sociedade de mercado, ao mesmo tempo em que o transforma em um instrumento dos capitalistas para manter a lógica das relações de produção do mundo contemporâneo. Isto ocorre, notadamente, em razão da semiformação a que ele foi submetido. Portador de uma formação acrítica, o administrador tem dificuldade para exercitar a auto-reflexão. Sendo assim, administrador é levado a ver as outras pessoas e a si próprio como coisas, pois a sociedade a que serve, ela mesma transformada em uma coisa em si, tem sob seu comando todos os imperativos sociais que apenas contam e medem resultados. Coisas são medidas e avaliadas pela lei mercadológica da oferta e da procura, determinando o seu valor de troca, em uma dinâmica conhecida por fetichização da mercadoria (MARX, 1978). O caminho inverso pode ser trilhado pela alternativa de experiências formativas, em que a educação dirigida à auto-reflexão crítica favorece a transformação do indivíduo em sujeito. Sugere-se, portanto, nesta dissertação que os teóricos da administração, os coordenadores, professores e discentes dos Cursos de Graduação em Administração busquem aprofundar conhecimento sobre a racionalidade substantiva, tendo em vista o que foi demonstrado neste trabalho: no cotidiano da prática administrativa os comportamentos dos membros de um grupo produtivo não são unilaterais, eles alternam-se em ações movidas pelas racionalidades instrumental e substantiva, perpetuando a tensa dualidade entre ambas racionalidades.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2019-03-07T16:23:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ery Clovis Petry Jardim Junior_.pdf: 2380676 bytes, checksum: 3228458de9103b7053a9136b5d67eb55 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-07T16:23:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ery Clovis Petry Jardim Junior_.pdf: 2380676 bytes, checksum: 3228458de9103b7053a9136b5d67eb55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / Nenhuma / Em diferentes subculturas de projeto, arquitetos, engenheiros e designers transitam entre dois caminhos para decidir quais serão os próximos passos a serem dados no design e projeto de produtos: o caminho do raciocínio e o caminho da intuição. Estes dois caminhos são fundamentados na teoria de Epstein (1999, 2003), denominada de teoria do processamento duplo de informações (CEST - Cognitive-Experiential Self-Theory of Personality). O caminho do raciocínio ou da racionalidade é o caminho das decisões baseadas na lógica das metodologias, métodos, ferramentas e processos que o designer utiliza para avançar na projetação na medida em que as informações sobre os problemas de design vão se estruturando. O caminho da intuição ou da experiencialidade é o das decisões baseadas nas experiências ou nas vivências pessoais que o designer acumulou em processos heurísticos, nos quais as metodologias, métodos, ferramentas e processos utilizados para dar um certo próximo passo na projetação não são claras o suficiente, pois não se dispõe de todas as informações sobre o problema de design e necessita-se ‘preencher as lacunas’ para avançar na projetação. Estes dois caminhos trilhados pelos arquitetos, engenheiros e designers no design e projeto de produtos serão analisados nesta dissertação, tendo como base os estudos sobre racionalidade limitada (Simon, 1969, 1996) e intuição limitada (Kahneman 2003), contando com o Inventário Racional- Experiencial (Rational-Experiential - REI, Pacini e Epstein, 1999, 2003) como instrumento de pesquisa. O estudo foi realizado na modalidade online com 156 participantes, revelando que na análise sobre formação os Engenheiros tendem a pensar de forma mais racional e tem mais confiança ao agirem assim, e, arquitetos e designers tendem a pensar de forma mais experiencial com mais capacidade de pensar com sentimentos e intuições. Na análise sobre tempo de experiência em design e projeto de produtos os designers tendem a pensar de forma mais racional e tem mais capacidade e confiança para agirem assim. Na análise sobre nível de formação os designers tendem a pensar tanto de forma racional, como experiencial e tem mais confiança e capacidade para agirem assim. / In different project subcultures, architects, engineers, and designers move between two paths to decide what are the next steps to be taken in product design and design: the path of reasoning and the path of intuition. These two paths are grounded in Epstein's theory (1999, 2003), called the CEST (Cognitive-Experiential Self-Theory of Personality). The path of reasoning or rationality is the path of decisions based on the logic of the methodologies, methods, tools and processes that the designer uses to advance the design as the information about design problems is structured. The path of intuition or experientiality is that of the decisions based on the experiences or personal experiences that the designer accumulated in heuristic processes, in which the methodologies, methods, tools and processes used to take a certain next step in the design are not clear enough, because all the information about the design problem is not available and it is necessary to 'fill in the gaps' to advance the design. These two paths, traced by architects, engineers and designers for the design and design of products, will be analyzed in this dissertation, based on studies of limited rationality (Simon, 1969, 1996) and limited intuition (Kahneman 2003) Rational- Experiential (Rational-Experiential - REI, Pacini and Epstein, 1999, 2003) as a research tool. The study was conducted online with 156 participants, revealing that in training analysis engineers tend to think more rationally and have more confidence in doing so, and, architects and designers tend to think in a more experiential way with more ability to think with feelings and intuition. In the analysis of experience time in product design and design the designers tend to think more rationally and have more ability and confidence to do so. In the analysis of the level of training, designers tend to think in a rational, experiential way and have more confidence and ability to act in this way.

Submitted by Joana Azevedo (joanad@id.uff.br) on 2017-08-07T19:56:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Getulio A Ramos Junior.pdf: 1341093 bytes, checksum: e832c629f31f13c50a5f41d20477c5a5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca da Escola de Engenharia (bee@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-08-31T13:02:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Getulio A Ramos Junior.pdf: 1341093 bytes, checksum: e832c629f31f13c50a5f41d20477c5a5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-31T13:02:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Getulio A Ramos Junior.pdf: 1341093 bytes, checksum: e832c629f31f13c50a5f41d20477c5a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-05 / As práticas de avaliação de desempenho não são novas. O ato de avalizar é uma característica humana e uma constante que se reflete nas organizações. No Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear a avaliação do desempenho individual dos servidores ativos é realizada desde 1987. Em junho de 2015 foi implantado o modelo de avaliação por múltiplas fontes utilizando o Sistema de Desempenho Individual – SDI. O presente trabalho verifica se o modelo abrange aspectos da racionalidade instrumental e substantiva, segundo a abordagem de Guerreiro Ramos e se a finalidade da avaliação é vista da mesma forma pelos servidores e pelos gerentes. Também é feita uma comparação da visão da área técnica versus área administrativa. Usa a metodologia quali-quantitativa e, tem como instrumento de pesquisa um questionário com vinte e duas questões onde são abordados aspectos da racionalidade instrumental e substantiva. Como resultado tem-se que a racionalidade substantiva se faz presente na opinião dos respondentes, mas avaliadores e avaliados não reconhecem a utilidade e os benefícios que o sistema de avaliação atual pode proporcionar. Necessário treinamento gerencial sobre avaliação de desempenho individual para os gestores, visando uniformidade da avaliação. A visão das chefias coincide com as dos subordinados na maioria das questões, tanto com viés substantivo quanto instrumental. Não há um acompanhamento sistemático do desempenho dos avaliados. Falta a área administrativa divulgar o que é feito com os resultados das avaliações feitas. / Performance evaluation practices are not new. The act of awarding is a human characteristic and a constantly that is reflected in organizations. In Nuclear Technology Development Center, the evaluate the individual performance of active servers is carried out since 1987. In June 2015 was implemented the model evaluation by multiple sources using the Individual Performance System - SDI. This study verifies that the SDI includes aspects of instrumental and substantive rationality, according to the approach of Guerreiro Ramos and the purpose of evaluation is seen the same way by servers and by managers. Using quanti-qualitative methodology and, with the research instrument a questionnaire twenty-two issues which are addressed aspects of instrumental and substantive rationality. As a result, substantive rationality is present in respondents' opinion, but evaluators and evaluated do not recognize the usefulness and benefits that the current evaluation system can provide. Management training required on individual performance evaluation for managers, aiming at uniformity of evaluation. Bosses' views coincide with those of subordinates on most issues, both substantive and instrumental. There is no systematic monitoring of the performance of the evaluated. It lacks the administrative area to disclose what to do with the results of the evaluations made.

The thesis discusses the concept of man in the standard economic thinking. It focuses on a critical evaluation of the selected fundamentals. It presents some possible alternative views which show deficiencies in axiomatics of the main currents of economic modeling. Emphasizing the interdisciplinary connections of knowledge about human thought and behavior the thesis is trying to suggest some directions for further development in the approach to human beings in economics to better reflect their defining natural characteristics. It also mentions some of the manifestations of these characteristics, which can be obtained by drawing on the knowledge of psychology, behavioral economics, neuroeconomics and other disciplines and which are inconsistent with standard models, because they lead to errors and irrationality, implicitly produce bounded rationality or attribute the constitutive importance during the formation of thought to completely different elements. In conclusion, the thesis passes to reflect the position of irrationality in the inner world of human's brain and also in the outside world - the economy.

Bakgrund: Det har länge forskats kring beslutsfattande och i centrum av forskningen finns människans oförmåga att fatta rationella beslut. I modern tid har AI fått en allt större betydelse och det har uppdagats att AI har möjligheten att överkomma människans oförmåga att fatta rationella beslut. I takt med digitaliseringen har AI och dess förmåga att hantera stora mängder information blivit ett användbart verktyg på investeringsmarknaden. De AI-styrda fonderna öppnar för ännu ett investeringsalternativ och det råder i dagsläget brist på förståelse för hur investerares beslut om att inkludera dessa fonder i sitt sparande påverkas av beteendemässiga faktorer. Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att skapa förståelse för hur ett beslut om att investera i AI-styrda fonder påverkas av investerares beteendemässiga faktorer och den AI-styrda fondens egenskaper. Genomförande: Uppsatsen är en kvalitativ små-N-studie med ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv. Det empiriska materialet har samlats in genom ett bekvämlighets- och ett målstyrt urval. Sammanlagt 18 semi-strukturerade intervjuer har genomförts. Slutsats: Uppsatsen skapar förståelse för hur ett beslut om att investera i AI-styrda fonder påverkas av investerares beteendemässiga faktorer och den AI-styrda fondens egenskaper. Investerares känslor för och associationer till AI påverkar den initiala inställningen och används för att utvärdera för- och nackdelar. Den kunskap och det intresse investerare har för sparande och investeringar påverkar till vilken grad för- och nackdelar övervägs. De med högre respektive lägre kunskap ser olika värden i den AI-styrda fondens egenskaper. Beroende på dessa beteendemässiga faktorer ställer sig investerare olika till huruvida rationalitet eller intuition efterfrågas vid investeringsbeslut. / Background: Decision making has been researched for a long time and in the center of the research is the human inability to make rational decisions. In modern time, AI has become increasingly important and it has been discovered that AI has the opportunity to overcome the human inability to make rational decisions. In line with digitalization, AI and its ability to managed large amount of information has become a useful tool on the investment market. The AI-managed funds open for yet another investment alternative and there is currently a lack of understanding of how investors’ decision to include these funds in their savings are influenced by behavioral factors. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to create an understanding of how a decision to invest in AI-managed funds is affected by investors’ behavioral factors and attributes of the AI-managed fund. Completion: This study is a qualitative small-N-study with a hermeneutic perspective. The empirical data has been gathered through a target and a convenience sample. A total of 18 semi structured interviews have been conducted. Conclusion: The study contributes to an increased understanding of how different factors in the investor and how the attributes of the AI-managed fund affect the investor's decision. Investors' feelings for and associations with AI affect the initial attitude and are used to evaluate the pros and cons. The extent to which the advantages and disadvantages of the alternatives are considered is largely determined by the knowledge and interest the investors have for savings and investments, which results in those with higher and lower knowledge seeing different values in the attributes of the AI-managed fund. Depending on these factors, investors differ as to whether rationality or intuition is required in investment decisions.

This article studies the parliamentary debate over the approval of a legislative change on the Spanish Civil Code, which gave permission to Same-Sex marriages since 2005. The author tries to approach to Congress debates as complex processes, in which different levels of rationality (as of irrationality) are intersperse in the argumentations of senators and deputies.In order to clarify this confounding scenario, the tools of ‘legisprudential studies’ or legislative rationality are of utmost importance, because they allow us to group the reasons in typologies, and to analyze possible counter-arguments or voids relating to supporting evidence. That is why the approach of this work, in relation to the substance of the matter, is neutral and rather points to demonstrate the immense methodological potential of legislative rationality models, and how these could contribute to illuminate the ongoing discussion on our country. / El presente artículo realiza un estudio sobre el debate parlamentario en torno a la aprobación de una modificación al Código Civil español, que permitió el matrimonio entre personas del mismo sexo desde el 2005. En ese sentido, el autor busca aproximarse a los debates parlamentarios como procesos complejos, en donde los distintos niveles de racionalidad (e irracionalidad) están entremezclados en las argumentaciones de senadores y diputados.Para aclarar el confuso panorama, las herramientas de los “estudios legisprudenciales” o de racionalidad legislativa resultan fundamentales, pues permiten agrupar a los argumentos en tipologías, y pasar a analizar posibles contraargumentos o vacíos en cuanto a evidencia de respaldo. Es por ello que la perspectiva del presente trabajo es neutral en cuanto al fondo del asunto, y apunta más bien a mostrar el gran potencial metodológico de modelos de racionalidad legislativa, y cómo estos contribuirían a aclarar el debate en curso en nuestro país.

Submitted by Paulo Junior (paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2010-06-09T21:40:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Final - Daniel Lacerda.pdf: 2264995 bytes, checksum: 32bb0ec35ad9a8d095fbdaf2b80411e3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paulo Junior(paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2010-06-09T21:40:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Final - Daniel Lacerda.pdf: 2264995 bytes, checksum: 32bb0ec35ad9a8d095fbdaf2b80411e3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-06-10T13:54:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Final - Daniel Lacerda.pdf: 2264995 bytes, checksum: 32bb0ec35ad9a8d095fbdaf2b80411e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-01 / What we have assumed as rational and logic from the beginning of the Modern Times provides a mental system, used on decision making, which carries itself a framework of premises and values. These rules aim the functional maximization of the consequences, far from any subjective value. Weber (1994) classified this system as 'instrumental rationality', distinguished as goal-oriented. He also defined the 'substantive rationality', assumed by the values of the subject and not oriented by any consequences of the action. Even though many authors started from these rationalities definitions to expose the duality that separates the world from the trends of market centralization and their instrumental logic, Guerreiro Ramos (1989) was the one who strongly contributed to the study of the organizations, separating different social enclaves, in which the rationalities would be better applied in one or another environment. In this context the marketplace although separated from others is an important and legitimated enclave where social relations are devoted to serve the subject. The present work is based on Critical Theory and assumes that the NGOs (NonGovernmental Organizations) belong to a different field from the one of economic organizations, once they are motivated by different rationalities. A field research was made among five nonprofit organizations, with declared goals of social action (Harmonicanto, Reviverde, ACAM, Observatório de Favelas and Bola pra Frente). The research aimed to identify deviating influences that the instrumental rationality imposes on the achievement of the original goals of these organizations. It was also observed that there are circumstances that support the adoption of the instrumental rationality, such as: necessity of self maintenance, the area of operation, the dimension of the organization, the influence of the leader, etc. The main outcome is that such organizations, despite the fact they are not environments dedicated to the individual’s growth (as the concept of Isonomy of Guerreiro Ramos defines), betray their public purpose, and are driven by the consequences every time they assimilate in a basic form the organizational dynamic of an economic organization. / Aquilo que passamos a entender como racional e lógico a partir da era moderna, provê um esquema mental para tomada de ações que carrega um arcabouço de premissas e valores consigo. Essas regras visam a maximização utilitária das consequências, esvaziadas de qualquer valor subjetivo. Weber (1994) classificou acessoriamente esse esquema como 'racionalidade instrumental', que se caracteriza por ser orientada pelos fins, meios e consequências da ação. Em contraposição, definiu ainda a 'racionalidade substantiva', postulada nos valores do sujeito, que não se orienta por quaisquer consequências da ação. Muitos autores partiram dessas racionalidades para representar a dualidade que acomete o mundo a partir da centralidade do mercado e sua lógica instrumental, mas foi Guerreiro Ramos (1989) quem deu contundente contribuição ao estudo das organizações separando diferentes enclaves sociais, nos quais as racionalidades seriam mais adequadas em um ou outro espaço. Nesse contexto, o mercado é um enclave importante e legítimo, mas apartado de outros, nos quais as relações sociais existem para servir o sujeito. Esse trabalho, fundamentado na Teoria Crítica, reconhece que as ONGs (Organizações Não Governamentais) devem pertencer a um campo distinto daquele das empresas econômicas, por se basearem em racionalidades diferentes das mesmas. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo junto a cinco organizações sem fins lucrativos, com fins declarados de ação social (Harmonicanto, Reviverde, ACAM, Observatório de Favelas e Bola pra Frente), buscando identificar as influências desviacionistas que a adoção da racionalidade instrumental impõe sobre a realização dos objetivos previstos para essas organizações. Observou-se que existem contingências que favorecem o uso da instrumentalidade nessas organizações, como: necessidade de autossustentação, área de atuação, tamanho da organização, influência do líder, etc. Conclui-se que tais organizações, apesar de não serem espaços dedicados à atualização do sujeito (como define a Isonomia de Guerreiro Ramos), delatam o seu fim público e orientam-se pelas consequências sempre que absorvem de forma crua a dinâmica organizacional de uma empresa econômica.

Text in Afrikaans / 'n Verkennend-beskrywende, interpretatiewe, meta-teoretiese studie is onderneem om die invloed van epistemologiese relativisme op opvoedkundige teorievorming te ondersoek. Die verwagting bestaan, in 'n tydsgees wat die kompleksiteit van die kenterrein van die Opvoedkunde benadruk, dat die opvoedkundige objektiewe en praktykrigtende kennisuitsprake aangaande die kenterrein van die Opvoedkunde sal maak. Om aan laasgenoemde verwagting te kan voldoen, is dit vir die opvoedkundige nodig om die kenterrein van die Opvoedkunde te betree en interpretatiewe, kontekstueel-funksionele kennisuitsprake te maak. Vanuit 'n tradisionele perspektief op wetenskapsbeoefening en rasionaliteit kan aantygings van epistemologiese relativisme ontstaan teen kennisuitsprake wat die kenterrein interpreteer. Dit is egter moontlik om aantygings van epistemologiese relativisme in opvoedkundige teorievorming te weerle, indien 'n verbrede beskouing van rasionaliteit in die Opvoedkunde gehuldig word. Op grond van die verband wat tussen taal, interpretasie en rasionaliteit bestaan, word meta-norme van rasionaliteit wat met taalgebruik en interpretasie verband hou, ge"identifiseer. Die mensbeskouing van die Eksistensiele Fenomenologie en Habermas se Teorie van Kommunikatiewe Rasionaliteit het dit in gemeen dat dit die moontlikheid erken dat mense deur middel van taalgebruik 'n gemeenskaplike realiteit kan identifiseer wat ook as 'n vertrekpunt in wetenskaplike gesprekvoering kan dien en wat objektiewe kennisuitsprake moontlik maak. Die mens se interpretasie van die werklikheid deur middel van taal is 'n ontiese gegewene, daarom word dit gestel dat die navorser se interpretasie van 'n kenobjek deur middel van taal deur. meta-norme van rasionaliteit onderle word. Met die grondliggende aanname dat daar metanorme van rasionaliteit bestaan wat met taal en interpretasie verband hou, word 'n verbrede begrip van rasionaliteit in die Opvoedkunde, wat interpretatiewe kennisuitsprake van die opvoedkundige akkommodeer, voorgestel. Omdat daar meta-norme van rasionaliteit bestaan wat met taalgebruik en interpretasie verband hou, is dit vir opvoedkundiges moontlik om binne hulle eie paradigmatiese kontekste die kenterrein van die Opvoedkunde funksioneel te interpreteer, sonder om in epistemologiese relativisme te verval. Op grond daarvan dat meta-norme van rasionaliteit bestaan, is dit vir opvoedkundiges moontlik om oor die kenterrein van die Opvoedkunde in gesprek te tree en toenemend objektiewe kennisuitsprake, wat die kontekste van individuele paradigmas oorskry, te maak. / An investigative, descriptive, interpretative, meta-theoretical study was undertaken to determine the influence of epistemological relativism on educational theory formation. It is expected that, at a time when the complex nature of Education is being emphasised, educationists will make objective as well as functional, directive knowledge statements about the education epistemic. To fulfil the latter expectations, it is necessary for educationists to enter into the education epistemic and make interpretative, contextually functional knowledge statements about education. From a traditional perspective on the practice of science and rationality, allegations of epi stemological relativism may arise against statements which interpret the education epistemic. However, it is possible to allay allegations of epistemological relativism in educational theory formation, if a broadened view of rationality is upheld in Education. On the basis of the relation between language, interpretation and rationality, meta-norms of rationality are identified that relate to language usage and interpretation. Existential Phenomenology and Habermas's Theory of Communicative Rationality correlate in their acknowledgement of the possibility that people can, through language usage, identify a common reality which can also seNe as point of departure in scientific discourse, while at the same time facilitating objective knowledge statements. A person's interpretation of reality by means of language is an ontic premise and, therefore, it is stated that the researcher's interpretation of an object of study is based on language through meta-norms of rationality. With the basic assumption that there are meta-norms of rationality which are related to language and interpretation, a broadened understanding of rationality in Education, which accommodates interpretative knowledge statements, is suggested. Because meta-norms of rationality exist which are related to language interpretation, it is possible for educationists to make a functional interpretation, within their own paradigmatic context, of the education epistemic, without lapsing into epistemological relativism. On the basis of the existence of meta-norms of rationality, education discourse becomes possible between educationists, and they can make increasingly objective knowledge statements, which extend beyond the context of individual paradigms. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Filosofie van die Opvoeding)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T19:11:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 114225.pdf: 1537462 bytes, checksum: f245fc2f6b044c9e8fefc26a669c1f31 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research was conducted to understand the relationship between instrumental and substantive rationality in the different levels of decision making in a samba organization. Substantive rationality was first defended by the author Guerreiro Ramos to operationalize an alternative theory that emphasizes the existence of a substantive reason in social interactions, and maintain symbolic interaction interpersonal relationships in organizations, such as the distinction between work and occupation. Therefore seeks to add substantive rationality in the traditional decision making vision, into that, the human behavior expected by the organization should be transmitted at the highest levels of the administrative hierarchy to reach the employees. When the main organizational goal is to influence the behavior of employees, for achieving the expected result, lives up to instrumental rationality. The main objective was accomplished from a search on the Samba Organization União da Ilha da Magia, the youngest Samba Organization in the city of Florianopolis SC. As we entered the locus of research through documentary analysis, direct observations and interviews, the question of rationality emerged as a prominent theme for the decision-making activity of the organization. This research may contribute to the analysis and possible revision of the decision making processes of this kind of organization, conferring them a deeper organizational and technological understanding, while avoiding the exclusively empirical perception currently existing in the management of arts and social organizations. Through elements of discourse analysis, showed up in the discursive practices of decision makers, the predominance of instrumental rationality in top administration, and substantive rationality at intermediary levels of decision making. By the end, it was found that, paradoxically, in the event of the carnival parade, the leadership of the organization migrates from a recognized formal institutional structure to the operational structure. / Esta pesquisa busca compreender a relação entre as racionalidades instrumental e substantiva nos diferentes níveis de tomada de decisão de uma escola de samba. A racionalidade substantiva é defendida por Guerreiro Ramos que operacionaliza uma teoria alternativa que privilegia a existência de uma razão substantiva dentro dos espaços sociais, e defende a interação simbólica nos relacionamentos interpessoais nas organizações, como a distinção entre trabalho e ocupação. Busca assim agregar a racionalidade substantiva na tomada de decisão tradicional, em que o comportamento humano esperado pela organização deve ser transmitido dos mais altos escalões da hierarquia administrativa até chegar aos empregados de linha. Quando o principal objetivo organizacional é influenciar o comportamento dos empregados de linha, para que se alcance o resultado esperado, vive-se a racionalidade instrumental. Tal objetivo efetivou-se a partir de uma pesquisa na Escola de Samba União da Ilha da Magia, a mais nova escola de samba da cidade de Florianópolis. Conforme se adentrou no lócus de pesquisa, por meio de análise documental, observações diretas e entrevistas, a questão da racionalidade emergiu como um tema proeminente para a atividade de tomada de decisão desta organização. Este estudo poderá contribuir com a análise, e eventual revisão, dos processos de tomada de decisão da Escola de Samba, conferindo-lhe uma compreensão mais organizacional e técnica da mesma, evitando a percepção exclusivamente empírica existente atualmente na gestão de organizações artísticas e sociais. Por meio de elementos da análise do discurso, evidenciou-se, nas práticas discursivas dos tomadores de decisão, a presença predominante da racionalidade instrumental na alta administração, e de racionalidade substantiva nos níveis intermediários da tomada de decisão. Ao final, verificou-se que, paradoxalmente, no evento do desfile de carnaval, a liderança da organização migra de uma estrutura reconhecida como institucional formal para a estrutura operacional.