Note:

Michel de Montaigne a élaboré un imposant corpus au centre de ses Essais afin de rendre hommage à Raimond Sebond sans toutefois corroborer sa théologie philosophique ni reconnaître la pyramide des êtres1 à l'avant sommet de laquelle l'homme se situe par sa dignité et son esprit, comme preuve de l'existence de Dieu. L'Apologie de Raimond Sebond a été une opportunité de résumer sa propre pensée philosophique en réduisant fortement la différence entre les individus humains et l'animal. En dépit de l'extrême variabilité des individus, chacun porte en lui-même une forme entière de la condition humaine. D'après Montaigne, seul un fidéisme religieux soumis à la volonté divine a valeur de vertu suprême dans son rapport avec la toute-puissance incompréhensible et inconnaissable. L'unique réalité durable s'avère que «Dieu seul est» selon sa métaphysique bien particulière. Humiliation de l'homme et de sa rationalité, mise en perspective du savoir humain et de la science, critique de la connaissance humaine par l'insuffisance des outils de ses sens et de sa raison et finalement l'aveu d'un perpétuel mouvement sans constante existence dans l'être vient compliquer davantage les mises en cause, voilà les principales parties de son Apologie. Son humanisme fonde de nouveaux rapports de l'homme avec le savoir, l'être, la Nature ou Dieu sans enfermer son esprit dans l'arbitraire d'un système ou utiliser une méthode autre que celle d'instaurer une problématique continue vis-à-vis de la condition humaine, corroborant ainsi un prélude au relativisme culturel et philosophique. Inspiré des sources mêmes de la pensée occidentale, Montaigne redécouvre la sagesse païenne de l'Antiquité, à partir de sa lecture des néo-stoïciens, des sceptiques, des pyrrhoniens et de l'observation du comportement humain. Il conclut à l'utopie de la raison et de la science à sortir l'homme de l'«humaine condition». Montaigne a réussi à extirper la philosophie des griffes de la théologie en proposant dans ses Essais une façon de philosopher et d'obtenir sa propre vérité. Le souverain bien de l'homme et de l'humanité ne serait-il pas son Vivre à propos, comme éthique ou sagesse de tous les temps.

The writings of Raymond Queneau span a period of more than forty years and reflect the multiplicity of his approaches: essays, songs, poems, scenarios for the cinema, translations (from English to French), journal, and novels. My study focuses mainly on five novels: Le Chiendent (The Bark Tree), Les Fleurs bleues (Between Blue and Blue), Le Dimanche de la vie (The Sunday of Life), Pierrot mon ami (Pierrot) and Zazie dans le métro (Zazie in the Metro), the one that made him known to a wide reading audience. Queneau contributed to the very rich philosophical and literary scene in France sandwiched between twentieth century surrealism and existentialism, drawing much of his inspiration from the popular characters of the everyday Parisian life. My thesis mainly focuses on Queneau's dichotomy between "what is" and "what appears to be". Because of Queneau's extreme versatility, I do not attempt to analyze every aspect of his writing but limit it to examining his concept of appearance and reality, an approach which cuts across various aspects of his writing. The first chapter outlines the interplay between the sciences, literature and the concept of humor interpreted in the light of a notion of a participatory rather than a passive reading. The second chapter, entitled "Le Défi du Langage" (The Challenge of Language), elaborates upon Queneau's "fantasy" world with a concentration on the linguistic elements and play-on-words. The third chapter, entitled "La Valeur Structurelle" (The Structural Value), deals with the way in which Queneau structures his novels and the different forms taken by his fiction: examination of the symbolic aspect of numbers and forms; echos and symmetry; dream and reality; repetitions and play on the "I/ eye". The fourth chapter, entitled "L'Etre et le Paraître" (Being and Appearing), answers the main question of appearance and reality while dealing with the philosophy of "being or not being" as well as the resulting corollary of realizing anguish and death. Queneau's characters answer to these eternal questions through a growing awareness and consciousness which drive them to espousing anonymity or popular wisdom. In so doing, Queneau's humor enlarges upon the parody of philosophers such as Parmenides, Plato, Descartes, Camus or Sartre. In the conclusion, entitled "Au-delà de l'humour" (Beyond Humor), Queneau's laughter which is omnipresent, expresses the underlying condition through his observation of particular individuals in their very individualities. In the final analysis, Queneau's humanism shines forth with great empathy, comprehension, and humility.

Denna studie erbjuder en litterär analys av gestaltandet av sexualitet i den amerikanske författaren Rymond Carvers novell "So much water so close to home". Analysen lyfter bland annat fram den obligatoriska heterosexualiteten som den teoretiseras av Adrienne Rich och hur manlig kontroll av kvinnans sexualitet inom den heterosexuella institutionen tar sig uttryck i texten.Utöver det undersöks i analysen vilka principer som kan anses ligga bakom konstrueringen av sexualitet i novellen samt hur dessa tar sig uttryck. Den aspekten av analysen tar avstamp i Judith Butlers teori om diskursivt skapade kön och genus samt den heterosexuella matrisen som utgångspunkt för all sexuell åtrå.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed January 19, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 283-295).

Diss. : Freiburg-im-Breisgau : 1990. / Bibliogr.: p. 321-341. Index.

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This thesis looks at the textual representations of sociability problems in Raymond Queneau's autobiographical novels, which are also the first six novels of his career. Using an eclectic approach that combines elements of autobiographical analysis and social psychology with the numerous studies on the presence of philosophy in Queneau's work, we use the concept of identity to study social attitudes, first the author's own attitudes toward real groups, then the way the characters identify with groups, some having a tendency to share the groups identity, others choosing to distanciate themselves from the groups. / Following this path, we try to demonstrate the assumption that the tendency to identify to groups, as well as the distanciation attitudes, are represented in both a positive and a negative way, thus creating, in the novels, an actual "argumentation" between two poles. This assumption runs counter to the preconception, often conveyed by the critics, that distanciation alone is valued in Queneau's writings. / Given the impossibility to develop, within this work, a complete collection of the ways our problematics, i.e. the relation between belonging to groups and the formation of identity, is reflected in Queneau's novels, we choose (after examining the author own's attitudes) to analyse, in a first step, the major lines of thought related to our subject in each novel, and then to highlight some "attitude types" that emerge from the novels as a whole. This approach, we believe, allows us to draw out the key issues arising from this reflection.

Zugl.: Chemnitz, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2008