The Ertsberg-Grasberg Mining District of Papua, Indonesia (Western New Guinea) hosts the Ertsberg Cu-Au Skarn, the giant Grasberg Porphyry Cu-Au deposit, and several other orebodies. Two 1700-meter-long cores beneath the Kucing Liar ore skarn (KL98-10-22) and the Grasberg Igneous Complex (KL98-10-21) contain high concentrations of vein and disseminated molybdenite. KL98-10-22, the focus of this study, intersects two previously unencountered intrusions, the “Tertiary intrusion Kucing Liar” (Tikl) and “Tertiary Pliocene intrusion” (Tpi). An intense dilatational quartz vein stockwork cuts Tikl and Ekmai Sandstone (Kkes) units, predating Tpi intrusion. Prior to these ultradeep cores, which extend almost 3 km below pre-mining surface, molybdenite was rarely observed in the district. Geochemistry and isotopic data indicate that Tikl and Tpi intrusions originated from the same large magmatic system that emplaced other ore-forming Ertsberg-Grasberg district intrusions. Magma in a lower crustal chamber was recharged at least twice, according to Sr-Nd data. Laser-ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry of magmatic zircons yields 238U-206Pb ages between 3.40 ± 0.12 Ma (Dalam Andesite) and 2.77 ± 0.15 Ma (Ertsberg intrusion), revealing a shorter period of igneous activity than previously measured by K-Ar and Ar-Ar dating. Analyses include composite ages of 3.28 ± 0.08 Ma for Tikl and 3.18 ± 0.11 Ma for Tpi. Inherited zircon cores indicate Precambrian (mostly Proterozoic) basement. Molybdenite veining beneath the Kucing Liar Skarn and Grasberg Igneous Complex postdates stockwork veining and occurred before the 2.99 ± 0.11 Ma Kali dikes. Only one molybdenite vein was observed cutting Tpi. Molybdenites yielded ~3 Ma Re-Os ages and anomalous >4 Ma and <0.5 Ma ages; anomalous ages were not reproducible in follow-up analyses (this study). Smearing deformation of molybdenite (through fault activity) causes crystal strain, likely leading to annealing recrystallization. Recrystallization possibly redistributes daughter-product Os, resulting in anomalous ages from annealed material. Fluids with high Mo/Cu ratios (which were likely supercritical) precipitated late-stage molybdenite deep in the system. These fluids developed through magma chamber crystallization, which concentrated molybdenum in the melt as an incompatible element, and stripping of Cu from the magma chamber during hydrothermal activity. / text

The Ertsberg-Grasberg Mining District of Papua, Indonesia (Western New Guinea) hosts the Ertsberg Cu-Au Skarn, the giant Grasberg Porphyry Cu-Au deposit, and several other orebodies. Two 1700-meter-long cores beneath the Kucing Liar ore skarn (KL98-10-22) and the Grasberg Igneous Complex (KL98-10-21) contain high concentrations of vein and disseminated molybdenite. KL98-10-22, the focus of this study, intersects two previously unencountered intrusions, the “Tertiary intrusion Kucing Liar” (Tikl) and “Tertiary Pliocene intrusion” (Tpi). An intense dilatational quartz vein stockwork cuts Tikl and Ekmai Sandstone (Kkes) units, predating Tpi intrusion. Prior to these ultradeep cores, which extend almost 3 km below pre-mining surface, molybdenite was rarely observed in the district. Geochemistry and isotopic data indicate that Tikl and Tpi intrusions originated from the same large magmatic system that emplaced other ore-forming Ertsberg-Grasberg district intrusions. Magma in a lower crustal chamber was recharged at least twice, according to Sr-Nd data. Laser-ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry of magmatic zircons yields 238U-206Pb ages between 3.40 ± 0.12 Ma (Dalam Andesite) and 2.77 ± 0.15 Ma (Ertsberg intrusion), revealing a shorter period of igneous activity than previously measured by K-Ar and Ar-Ar dating. Analyses include composite ages of 3.28 ± 0.08 Ma for Tikl and 3.18 ± 0.11 Ma for Tpi. Inherited zircon cores indicate Precambrian (mostly Proterozoic) basement. Molybdenite veining beneath the Kucing Liar Skarn and Grasberg Igneous Complex postdates stockwork veining and occurred before the 2.99 ± 0.11 Ma Kali dikes. Only one molybdenite vein was observed cutting Tpi. Molybdenites yielded ~3 Ma Re-Os ages and anomalous >4 Ma and <0.5 Ma ages; anomalous ages were not reproducible in follow-up analyses (this study). Smearing deformation of molybdenite (through fault activity) causes crystal strain, likely leading to annealing recrystallization. Recrystallization possibly redistributes daughter-product Os, resulting in anomalous ages from annealed material. Fluids with high Mo/Cu ratios (which were likely supercritical) precipitated late-stage molybdenite deep in the system. These fluids developed through magma chamber crystallization, which concentrated molybdenum in the melt as an incompatible element, and stripping of Cu from the magma chamber during hydrothermal activity. / text

In order to improve our understanding of poorly studied Mexican Porphyry Copper Deposits in the SW regional metallogenetic province, a detailed study of the hydrothermal fluid evolution of La Caridad porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit, and its connection to a high sulfidation epithermal deposit, was performed using oxygen, hydrogen and sulfur stable isotopes combined with fluid inclusion studies. In addition, UPb and Re-Os geochronology from La Caridad, Milpillas and El Arco porphyry deposit were performed to constrain the timing of mineralization and magmatism in northwest Mexico. Uranium-lead zircon ages from La Caridad suggest a short period of magmatism, between 55.5 and 53.0 Ma. Re-Os molybdenite ages from potassic and phyllic hydrothermal veins yielded identical ages within error, 53.6 ± 0.3 Ma and 53.8 ± 0.3 Ma, respectively. Four stages of hypogene alteration and mineralization are recognized at La Caridad porphyry copper deposit. The isotopic composition of the water in equilibrium with hydrothermal alteration minerals is consistent with highly evaporated lacustrine waters mixed with magmatic waters or vapor separated from magmatic fluids, however, sulfur isotopes and fluid inclusions data support the lacustrine-magmatic water hypothesis. Milpillas porphyry copper deposit in the Cananea Mining District, yielded a crystallization age of 63.9 ± 1.3 Ma. Two Re-Os molybdenite ages yielded an identical age of 63.1 ± 0.4 Ma, Suggesting a restricted period of mineralization. Re-Os data indicate that mineralization in Cananea District, spanned ~4 m.y. in three discrete pulses at ~59 Ma, ~61 Ma and ~63Ma. El Arco porphyry copper deposit, Baja California, Mexico, yielded a Middle Jurassic crystallization age (U-Pb) of 164.7 ± 6.7 Ma and a Re-Os mineralization age of 164.1 ± 0.4 Ma and not ~100 Ma as previously determinated. Porphyry copper deposits in Mexico range in age from 164 Ma to 54 Ma and the mineralization in Sonora state occurred in two different periods, but magmatism overlaps in space and time.

Submitted by Pedro Barros (pedro.silvabarros@ufpe.br) on 2018-08-09T18:47:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Thales Lúcio Santos da Silva.pdf: 1336198 bytes, checksum: 4466dbd9b3976b626f7273e524f174f8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alice Araujo (alice.caraujo@ufpe.br) on 2018-08-15T23:21:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Thales Lúcio Santos da Silva.pdf: 1336198 bytes, checksum: 4466dbd9b3976b626f7273e524f174f8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T23:21:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Thales Lúcio Santos da Silva.pdf: 1336198 bytes, checksum: 4466dbd9b3976b626f7273e524f174f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-19 / CNPq / A Formação Ipubi corresponde à unidade litoestratigráfica do Grupo Santana que contém os folhelhos pirobetuminosos subjacentes aos evaporitos. O principal objetivo do trabalho foi a datação dos folhelhos pelo método Re-Os como forma de se obter idade absoluta da sua deposição, uma vez que os mesmos só possuem dados de datação relativa. Além disso, também foram determinados elementos químicos maiores, menores e traços para uma melhor compreensão das condições deposicionais. Os folhelhos foram analisados utilizando espectrometria de fluorescência de raios X para a análise de elementos maiores e traços e espectrometria de massas com ionização térmica (Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry – TIMS) para a determinação de isótopos de Re e Os. Dessa forma, obtiveram-se resultados a partir de parâmetros geoquímicos e isotópicos sugerindo que a incursão marinha na Bacia do Araripe iniciou-se com a deposição dos folhelhos da Formação Ipubi e não pelos sedimentos da Formação Romualdo. A partir das correlações entre os elementos químicos na forma de óxidos e normalização pelo NASC, os resultados obtidos pela geoquímica elemental sugerem que essas rochas são compostas por calcita, argilominerais (ilita, esmectita), feldspato alcalino, quartzo, apatita, celestita e sulfetos (esfalerita, pirita/calcopirita, galena). Baixas razões de Rb/Sr (0,03–0,87) e elevadas razões de Sr/Cu (2,64–21,35) sugerem condições áridas e úmidas durante a deposição dos folhelhos estudados. Parâmetros geoquímicos utilizando-se as concentrações de V e Ni indicaram ambiente redutor predominantemente marinho. Análises isotópicas Re-Os apresentaram variações nos valores de ¹⁸⁷Re/¹⁸⁸Os (45,12–875,61) e ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os (0,65–3,76) sugerindo que há diferentes paleoambientes deposicionais (marinho e lacustre) durante a deposição dessas rochas, sugerindo que houve incursão marinha durante sua deposição. Além disso, o fracionamento de Re-Os é controlado pelo ambiente redutor. Essa ideia também é sugerida pelas concentrações relativamente mais elevadas de Re (≈13,30 ppb) e de Os (≈156,34 ppt) encontradas nesses folhelhos. Os valores obtidos pelo ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os inicial (Osᵢ= 0,65–3,76) sugerem uma fonte mista (mantélica e crustal superior) para o Os adsorvido pela matéria orgânica nos folhelhos. Percebe-se que esses valores são iguais aos de Osᵢ, sugerindo que os sedimentos dessas rochas são marinhos. A melhor isócrona Re-Os forneceu uma idade para deposição dos folhelhos da Formação Ipubi de 104,2 ± 4,8 Ma. Essa idade sugere que sua deposição ocorreu no Albiano Superior (106–100,5 Ma) e não no intervalo Aptiano-Albiano, como sugerido por datações relativas, até então as únicas existentes para os folhelhos investigados. / which contains the black shales under evaporites. The main objective on this paper was the shales’ dating through the method Re-Os as a way to obtain the absolut age of their deposition, once they only have relative age data. Besides that, major elements and traces for understanding depositional conditions were also identified. The shales were evaluated by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry to major elements and traces analysis and termal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) for determination of isotopes of Re and Os. That way, the results from geochemistry parameters and from isotopic geochemistry obtained suggests that marine incursion in Araripe Basin started with the deposition of black shales from Ipubi Formation rather than by sediments from Romualdo Formation. The results by elemental geochemistry suggests this rocks are composed of calcite, argillomineral (ilite, smectite), K-feldspar, quartz, apatite, granite and sulfides (sphalerite, pyrite/chalcopyrite, galena). Low rates of Rb/Sr (0.03-0.87) and high rates of Sr/Cu (2.64-21.35) indicate arid and humid conditions during shales’ deposition. Geochemical parameters, using the V and Ni concentrations, also indicate a predominantly marine reducing environment. Isotopic analyzes Re-Os presented valeus variations of ¹⁸⁷Re/¹⁸⁸Os (45.12–875.61) and ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os (0.65–3.76) suggesting that are differents environmental (marine and lacustrine) that also indicate that there was a marine incursion during its deposition. Moreover, the fractionation of Re-Os is controlled by it’s reducing enviroment. That idea are also suggested by the relatively higher concentrations of Re (≈13.30 ppb) and Os (≈156.34 ppt) found on this shales. Values obtained by ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os initial (Osᵢ= 0.65–3.76) suggest a mixed source (mantle and upper crust) to Os on the organic matter in the shales but also that the shales’ sediments are predominantly marine. The best isochrone Re-Os provided an age for black shale deposition from Ipubi Formation of 104.2 ± 4,8 Ma. It indicates that it deposition occurred in the Early Albian (≈106–100.5 Ma) and not on Aptian-Albiano as suggested by relative dating, the only ones existing for the shales investigated until now.

In this work, I present a multi-isotopic study (carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, strontium and lead) and Re-Os geochronology in rocks and crude oils of the Sonda de Campeche Petroleum System (SCPS). Since crude oils are complicated chemical systems easily disturbed, the Re-Os isotopic system could be affected if secondary processes perturb crude oils. Therefore, the multi stable isotopic study allows the identification of the presence and grade of these secondary processes in crude oils. The δ13C values of crude oils from the SCPS distinguish between: 1) crude oils with the fingerprint of source rocks of hydrocarbons (-28.3 to -26.7 ‰), and 2) crude oils with the fingerprint of the reservoir rocks (-25.5 to -24.9 ‰). Similarly, the δ15N values reveal that crude oils, during migration or trapping processes mimic the isotopic composition of the reservoir rocks of the Ek-Balam Formation. Furthermore, the δ34S values of crude oils from the SCPS (-8.0 to -2.5 ‰) show an absence of a thermal sulfate reduction (TSR) signature, which likely means that the use of Re-Os systematics in crude oils and rocks in the SCPS is appropriate. Strontium and lead measurements show crude oils have an isotopic composition different from rocks from the Edzna Formation but similar to rocks of the Akimpech and Ek-Balam formations, indicating that crude oils received Sr and Pb from the trapping rocks during migration or trapping processes, producing a isotopic mixing trend with rocks of these formations. Specifically, the lead isotope composition allows the identification of a source of lead never recorded before, the Guichicovi Complex. The isotopic data suggest that this Grenville Complex has been feeding with detrital material to the sedimentary rocks from Bacab, Ek-Balam and Akimpech formations in the SCPS, and in consequence contributing to the final isotopic composition of crude oils as well. Re-Os geochronology of rocks from the Edzna and Akimpech formations (152 ± 4 Ma; and 158.6 ± 5.5 Ma, respectively) provides precise ages of deposition that coincide with the ages proposed in previous studies based on the fossil record. Re-Os geochronology in crude oils yield ages with low uncertainty and moderate MSWD values, reflecting a rapid formation and migration process that occurred during evolution of the SCPS. The age of crude oils (28.3 ± 5.5 Ma) broadly agrees with petroleum generation models proposed by PEMEX.

No description available.

La région des monts Apuseni, au pied de la chaîne des Carpathes en Roumanie, comporte de nombreux gisements de type porphyre (Cu-Au) et épithermal neutre (Pb-Zn et Au ± Ag) liés à un volcanisme andésitique néogène. Afin de comprendre les relations existant entre les gisements de type porphyre et épithermal neutre, le porphyre de Bolcana a été étudié car il possède la particularité d'être bordé par un ensemble de filons épithermaux low-sulfidation minéralisés à Pb-Zn ± Au exploités au niveau des mines de Troita et de Magura. Une étude structurale et une modélisation en 3D de ces différents gisements montrent que la géométrie et l'orientation des fractures et des veines minéralisées sont compatibles avec les directions d'extension régionale et la progression du NW vers le SE des différentes intrusions andésitiques de la région. Dans le but d'établir de manière précise les relations temporelles entre les différents gisements du secteur, un développement méthodologique a permis de réaliser des datations, par l'utilisation du système isotopique Re-Os, directement sur la minéralisation sulfurée la plus ubiquiste du système : la pyrite. L'application de cette méthodologie sur les pyrites des minéralisations a ainsi permis d'obtenir un âge de 10,9 ± 1,9 Ma pour le porphyre. Les âges obtenus dans les systèmes épithermaux restent approximatifs car des perturbations du système isotopique Re-Os sont observées dans ces environnements plus superficiels. Un fractionnement du rhénium avec un enrichissement important au niveau de la zone apicale du porphyre a été mis en évidence, et qui doit être sûrement relié à une zone d'ébullition maximale. Une répartition similaire des teneurs en arsenic des pyrites a pu y être observée. Une caractérisation des sources des métaux a été réalisée à l'échelle du district en utilisant de manière croisée, sur pyrite et galène, deux systèmes isotopiques (Re-Os et Pb-Pb). L'osmium montre que le gisement de Troita possède une signature similaire au porphyre de Bolcana alors que les résultats obtenus pour le gisement de Magura indiquent que le système a subi des perturbations, interprétées comme liées à un lessivage des ophiolites encaissantes et une incorporation partielle de leur signature. Le plomb commun confirme ces données d'osmium avec une signature isotopique plus mantellique que celui de Troita.

No description available.

No description available.

MAX is a porphyry Mo deposit located near Trout Lake village in southeastern British Columbia. Mo mineralization is hosted by variably-altered calc-alkaline granodiorite dikes. Quartz veins have been subdivided into a paragenetic sequence based on vein style and crosscutting relationships. Post-magmatic Pb-Zn-Ag-bearing veins crosscut Mo-bearing veins. Similarities in fluid chemistry from both vein types suggest a genetic link between porphyry Mo mineralization and base-metal veins. Three molybdenite samples were collected from early and late Mo-bearing veins for Re-Os dating to constrain the timing of Mo-mineralizing events within the paragenetic sequence. All three dates overlap within analytical error, and yield a weighted average age of 80.3 ± 0.2 Ma. These dates are in excellent agreement with two 206Pb/238U weighted-average ages of the Trout Lake stock at 80.2 ± 1.0 Ma and 80.9 ± 1.6 Ma, indicating that the magmatic and hydrothermal ore-forming events were coeval and cogenetic.