Esta dissertação tem por objetivo descrever e analisar práticas de leitura literária propostas em salas de aula de Ensino Fundamental I e as relações possíveis entre textos, alunos e professores. Optou-se por investigar tais práticas em duas turmas de 5º ano em duas escolas da cidade de São Paulo, uma particular e uma pública. A coleta de dados, realizada no 2º semestre de 2013, dividiu-se em duas fases. A primeira consistiu em entrevistas com as professoras das turmas selecionadas, por meio das quais se procurou identificar os objetivos que almejavam com o trabalho com leitura literária. Já a segunda fase correspondeu às observações das aulas, a fim de aprofundar as temáticas surgidas a partir das entrevistas e refletir sobre as relações existentes entre textos, alunos e professoras. A análise dos dados coletados permitiu concluir que a diversidade dos usos que são feitos dos livros e da literatura na sala de aula justifica-se nas inúmeras variáveis que interferem nessa prática, e que garantir um espaço de abertura para que os alunos se manifestem e possam se identificar nas leituras que realizam pode minimizar as dificuldades da tarefa de formá-los como leitores. Do ponto de vista teórico, foram levadas em consideração as discussões de Bakhtin (2010) a respeito dos gêneros do discurso, as ideias de Hans Robert Jauss (2011) como principal representante da estética da recepção, os estudos de Wolfgang Iser (1999) sobre a importância do leitor, e as pesquisas dos franceses Vincent Jouve (2002), Catherine Tauveron (2013) e Annie Rouxel (2013) acerca do trabalho com literatura na sala de aula. / This dissertation has as the objective to describe and investigate literary reading practices proposed in classrooms in elementary school classrooms and the possible relationships among texts, students and teachers. The choice was to investigate those practices in two 5th grade classrooms in a private and a public schools in São Paulo. The data collection, held in the 2nd half of 2013, was developed in two phases. The first phase consisted of interviews with teachers from selected classes. The aim was to identify the objectives they longed when working with literary reading. The second phase corresponded to observations of classes, to deepen the themes emerged during the interviews and to reflect about relationships among texts, students and teachers. The analysis of the collected data brought the conclusion that the diversity of the ways books and literature are used in classrooms is justified in many variables that interfere in this practice. It that a guaranteed open space for students to express and identify themselves when reading can minimize the challenges to transform them into readers. From a theorical point of view, this dissertation takes into consideration Bakhtin (2010) discussions about discourse genres, Hans Robert Jauss (2011) ideas as the main representative of aesthetics reception, studies of Wolfgang Iser (1999) about the importance of the reader, and the investigation of the French researchers Vincent Jouve (2002), Catherine Tauveron (2013) and Annie Rouxel (2013) concerning the work with literature in classrooms.

Esta dissertação tem por objetivo descrever e analisar práticas de leitura literária propostas em salas de aula de Ensino Fundamental I e as relações possíveis entre textos, alunos e professores. Optou-se por investigar tais práticas em duas turmas de 5º ano em duas escolas da cidade de São Paulo, uma particular e uma pública. A coleta de dados, realizada no 2º semestre de 2013, dividiu-se em duas fases. A primeira consistiu em entrevistas com as professoras das turmas selecionadas, por meio das quais se procurou identificar os objetivos que almejavam com o trabalho com leitura literária. Já a segunda fase correspondeu às observações das aulas, a fim de aprofundar as temáticas surgidas a partir das entrevistas e refletir sobre as relações existentes entre textos, alunos e professoras. A análise dos dados coletados permitiu concluir que a diversidade dos usos que são feitos dos livros e da literatura na sala de aula justifica-se nas inúmeras variáveis que interferem nessa prática, e que garantir um espaço de abertura para que os alunos se manifestem e possam se identificar nas leituras que realizam pode minimizar as dificuldades da tarefa de formá-los como leitores. Do ponto de vista teórico, foram levadas em consideração as discussões de Bakhtin (2010) a respeito dos gêneros do discurso, as ideias de Hans Robert Jauss (2011) como principal representante da estética da recepção, os estudos de Wolfgang Iser (1999) sobre a importância do leitor, e as pesquisas dos franceses Vincent Jouve (2002), Catherine Tauveron (2013) e Annie Rouxel (2013) acerca do trabalho com literatura na sala de aula. / This dissertation has as the objective to describe and investigate literary reading practices proposed in classrooms in elementary school classrooms and the possible relationships among texts, students and teachers. The choice was to investigate those practices in two 5th grade classrooms in a private and a public schools in São Paulo. The data collection, held in the 2nd half of 2013, was developed in two phases. The first phase consisted of interviews with teachers from selected classes. The aim was to identify the objectives they longed when working with literary reading. The second phase corresponded to observations of classes, to deepen the themes emerged during the interviews and to reflect about relationships among texts, students and teachers. The analysis of the collected data brought the conclusion that the diversity of the ways books and literature are used in classrooms is justified in many variables that interfere in this practice. It that a guaranteed open space for students to express and identify themselves when reading can minimize the challenges to transform them into readers. From a theorical point of view, this dissertation takes into consideration Bakhtin (2010) discussions about discourse genres, Hans Robert Jauss (2011) ideas as the main representative of aesthetics reception, studies of Wolfgang Iser (1999) about the importance of the reader, and the investigation of the French researchers Vincent Jouve (2002), Catherine Tauveron (2013) and Annie Rouxel (2013) concerning the work with literature in classrooms.

Orientador: Henrique César da Silva / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T14:05:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ramos_MarianaBrasil_D.pdf: 3461761 bytes, checksum: ee9c280b68936341b8ff2e3a12a733b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Dada a presença constante de discursos científicos na televisão, e desta, nas casas dos nossos estudantes, como um discurso marginal à escola (porém não aos estudantes), no sentido de pensar a formação de um leitor de ciências em nossa sociedade e não apenas nas escolas, se torna relevante incluir nos processos pedagógicos uma compreensão de como outros espaços de construção de sentidos funcionam, constituindo sujeitos leitores de ciências e sentidos sobre ciências, ao mesmo tempo em que constituem o leitor em relação a suas linguagens. Desta forma, a grande repercussão do tema Mudanças Climáticas (uma situação de controvérsia científica) na mídia, em especial na TV, torna este referente foco de estudos, para construir estratégias de ensino que possibilitem ampliação/deslocamentos de sentidos por parte dos estudantes. Investigamos, portanto, que efeitos de leitura uma abordagem em sala de aula, que trabalhe aspectos das condições de produção e que confronte diferentes textualizações, com ênfase no audiovisual, dos discursos sobre/das Mudanças Climáticas provoca na construção de sentidos dos estudantes sobre TV e Ciência. Como resultados de nossas análises, temos algumas evidências de que este "ensino da leitura" funciona no sentido de deslocar sentidos sobre as ciências e sobre a televisão, como: deslocamentos na leitura dos estudantes do texto televisivo, num movimento que passa do que o texto diz para como ele diz e deslocamentos dos sentidos predominantes na mídia brasileira sobre as mudanças climáticas, ambos, porém, para parte dos estudantes. Apontamos, portanto, a importância de se considerar no ensino de ciências o caráter controverso e histórico dos discursos científicos, sua pluralidade de leituras e as diferentes linguagens que as constituem / Abstract: Given the constant presence of scientific discourses on television, and the presence of television in our students homes, yet as a marginal discourse to school (but not to students), when considering the formation of a science reader within our society, not just within the school, it's relevant to include in the pedagogical processes an understanding of how other spaces of meaning construction work, forming science readers and science meanings, while forming the reader about/in their languages. Thus, the major impact of Climate Change (a situation of scientific controversy) in the media, especially on TV, makes this the focus of this studies, in order to build teaching strategies that allow a possibility of meanings extension/displacement by students. Therefore, we investigate, what reading effects a classroom approach which works aspects of production conditions and confronts different textualizations of Climate Change discourses, with emphasis on audiovisuals, would result in students meaning construction about TV and Science. As our analysis results, we point out some evidence that this "reading teaching" works in the sense of shifting meanings of science and television, such as: shifts in student reading the television texts, in a movement that passes from what the text says to how the texts says; and shifting of predominant senses in the Brazilian media about climate change, both, however, for most students. We suggest, therefore, the importance of considering in science teaching the controversial and historical aspects of scientific discourses, its plurality of readings and the different languages that constitute them / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciências

Topic deals with comics and the possibilities of using comics in the educational activities of libraries. The introductory part describes the related terminology and characteristics of the comics. Its historical development is also outlined. The following chapter focuses on reading comics and the potential that comics can bring to the library that works with them. Some practical examples and related recommendations are given. The practical part describes one specific comics course, supplemented by an interview with Klára Smolíková, who practises educational activities using comics for a long time. The following is an analysis of semi- structured interviews with individual participants of the comics courses, in order to map the relationship of respondents to reading books and comics, experiences with the use of libraries and attitudes to the course.

Topic deals with comics and the possibilities of using comics in the educational activities of libraries. The introductory part describes the related terminology and characteristics of the comics. Its historical development is also outlined. The following chapter focuses on reading comics and the potential that comics can bring to the library that works with them. Some practical examples and related recommendations are given. The practical part describes one specific comics course, supplemented by an interview with Klára Smolíková, who practises educational activities using comics for a long time. The following is an analysis of semi- structured interviews with individual participants of the comics courses, in order to map the relationship of respondents to reading books and comics, experiences with the use of libraries and attitudes to the course.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:57:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rozeli Frasca Bueno Alves.pdf: 501785 bytes, checksum: e52a2ab16aeecff81eba378eb8813daf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-20 / This research was focused on the study of the reading habits of young high school students of a public school in São Paulo, pointed by their teachers as good readers based on the facts that they were very assiduous on proposed reading activities and a constant presence at the school s library. Because teachers would often say that children who are at early ages very interested in reading, later grow to hate it and repel all reading activities, this paper aims to understand how good-readers teenagers acquire and keep their reading habits. For that purpose, we did some studies on the avaluation of reading abilities, recent public policy towards reading, the role of some educational institutions, mainly schools and their political and pedagogical proposal, with their promoting reading programs, searching for an answer to young people s reading expectations. Students told their reading history during interviews which were recorded. Based on the own reading history told by some famous brazilian writers, the following aspects were extracted and employed as the basis for the analysis: the very first contacts with reading; the reasons for reading; the accessibility to books and encouragement towards reading; what they read and why and for what purpose. The analysis of the results brought to attention the need for the formulation of new public policies promoting reading and the dissemination of communities of readers, so that this and other cultural practices can be expanded and socialized, hopefully resulting in many different choices and attitudes towards reading material / Esta pesquisa desenvolveu-se com foco no estudo da trajetória de leitura de jovens alunos do ensino médio, de uma escola pública de São Paulo, indicados pelos professores como bons leitores, por participarem ativamente das tarefas de leitura propostas na escola e por serem assíduos freqüentadores da biblioteca escolar. Por ser comum ouvir-se de professores que as crianças, no início do período de escolarização, adoram ler, mas depois detestam as atividades de leitura e se afastam delas, neste trabalho buscou-se compreender como os jovens adquirem e mantêm seus comportamentos de leitores. Para atingir esse objetivo, estudamos algumas pesquisas sobre a avaliação da competência leitora, as políticas públicas recentes de incentivo à leitura, os papéis das instituições envolvidas na formação de leitores, entre elas a escola e suas propostas político-pedagógicas, seus programas de promoção de leitura, visando ao atendimento das expectativas da juventude em relação à leitura. Para a coleta de informações foram gravadas entrevistas com os participantes, que relataram suas histórias de leitura. A partir de relatos de escritores consagrados sobre suas histórias de bons leitores, foram extraídos os seguintes aspectos relevantes que nortearam as análises: o início e os primeiros contatos com a leitura; os motivos para a leitura; o acesso e o incentivo à leitura; o que lêem e por quê e para que lêem. A análise dos resultados trouxe à tona a necessidade de implementação de políticas públicas de incentivo à leitura que sejam efetivamente voltadas à formação de comunidades de leitores, para que sejam ampliadas as possibilidades de socialização dessa e de outras práticas culturais, o que resultará em maior abrangência das opções de leitura

(in English) The thesis deals with a support of reading with aim effort to offered service, organizing cultural and educational actions in the Municipal Library of Prague. The first part solves theoretical definition and the meaning of reading. There are briefly explained some terms that relate to - reading, the reader, reading socialization, reading literacy, etc. Factors that influence reading process and education for reading are monitored, as well. Furthermore, national representative projects supporting reading primarily in libraries are presented at my work, too. The second part of my work is focused on the Municipal Library of Prague and its role in supporting reading. It describes the library from the view of its mission, the way of financing (funding) and organization structure. The essential part pays attention to the presentation of specialized sections and services, which are provided in the library. It describes different actions supporting reading or providing propagation of the library. Last but not least, the different sections of the Municipal Library of Prague are depicted here with attention to organizing cultural and educational actions, which contributes to supporting reading. In conclusion, acquired pieces of knowledge are summarized and the future of the Municipal Library of...