Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-02-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:11:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 valiengo_a_me_mar.pdf: 947777 bytes, checksum: 882623b4b993539b7bed7d1051ab2ca1 (MD5) / O objeto de estudo deste trabalho são a brincadeira de faz-de-conta e as atividades produtivas como bases orientadoras à aquisição da escrita e da leitura na infância. Com base nisto, o objetivo central desta pesquisa foi a análise da articulação dos aprendizados possíveis na Educação Infantil e a criação de novas necessidades de conhecimento no Ensino Fundamental, especialmente no que se relaciona à educação das crianças do primeiro ano desse nível de escolaridade formal. A fim de alcançar esse objetivo, utilizei o Enfoque Histórico-Cultural como teoria embasadora à compreensão de algumas teses essenciais a este trabalho: o desenvolvimento humano, os períodos sensitivos, as atividades principais, a concepção de homem, criança e infância. Além do estudo teórico, realizei uma pesquisa empírica. Observei e anotei as situações vividas em duas turmas de primeiro ano do Ensino Fundamental, Vera Cruz (SP) em um diário de bordo, baseada em algumas categorias de observação: espaço, material, atividade, rotina, relação, criança. Com a busca da unidade entre teoria e prática, mediante a análise da coleta de dados, a partir das noções de criança e de infância, pude refletir sobre a questão propulsora desta investigação: a antecipação da escolaridade garante ou não o desenvolvimento cognitivo e emocional da criança de maneira ampla e harmônica? As análises realizadas permitiram algumas considerações finais: a prática educativa ainda não se constitui como motivadora de um amplo desenvolvimento das crianças, particularmente daquelas observadas, uma vez que a rotina educativa desconsidera o valor de atividades essenciais às aprendizagens infantis, tais como a brincadeira, os jogos de construção, o desenho, a dança, a pintura, a modelagem. A escola organizada para o Ensino Fundamental não... / The object of study of this research are the make believe game and the productive activities as guide foundations to the writing and reading acquirement in childhood. Based on this, the central objective of this search was the articulation analysis of the possible apprenticeships in Infantile Education and the creation of new knowledge necessities in Fundamental Education, especially in what refers to first grade child education from this level of formal primary school. In order to reach this objective, I used the Historical Cultural Focus as foundation theory to the comprehension of some essential thesis to this study: the human development, the sensitive periods, the main activities, the man, the child and the childhood conceptions. Beyond the theoretical study, I achieved an empiric research. I observed and made notes on the living situations from two first grade group of the Fundamental Education, at Vera Cruz city (SP) in a logbook, based on some observation categories: space, material, activity, routine, relationship, and child. Searching the unity between the theory and practice, by the analysis of data collects, from the child and the childhood notions, I could reflect about a propulsive question of this investigation: Does the anticipation of the primary education warrant or doesn’t the child emotional and cognitive development in an amplified and harmonic way? The achieved analysis allowed some final considerations: the educational practical hasn’t constituted itself yet as motivating to children’s amplified development, particularly to those were observed, since the educational routine doesn’t consider the value of essential activities to the infantile apprenticeships as the children’s play, the construction games, the drawings, the dance, the painting, the molding. The organized school to the Fundamental Education doesn’t structure itself in an appropriate... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

Orientador: Débora Mazza / Banca: Cristina Vaz Duarte / Banca: Maria Rosa Rodrigues Martins de Camargo / Abstract: This work was originate from reading and writing workshops developed into "Aldeia-Movimento Pró-Cultura", a Non-Governmental Organization that attends young people that came from unfavorable social sectors in city of Limeira, in the State of São Paulo. The objective from reading and writing workshops were to glimpse the development of language, thought and relationship strategies of these young people and understand how they build their cognition, political and socialhistorical processes, as well as how these workshops would contribute to insert these young citizens into society. The hypothesis is that, once the "word" is the main way to constitute human being feelings, that leads them to a constant transformation of individual and public activities, when allowing these young boys and girls - mainly deprive of a practical contact with a text - a reading and writing work, it could contribute to build the subjectivity of these people, as well as contribute in the moment of intellectual appropriation of external objects, enlarging the building of their knowledge into a social way. It was searched into this work: 1) a discussion regarding the formation of a neoliberal State, trying to comprehends the transformation occurred to capitalist societies during this period and the marks under the influence of neoliberalism into Brazilian society and education; 2) research one of the models inside this new relationship between society and State, organization that is current outside the State formal structure: the Third Sector, specially Non-Governmental Organizations; 3) presentation of a historical description of the Non-Governmental Organization "Aldeia Movimento Pró-Cultura", of "Projeto Aldeia Cidadania" and its reading and writing workshops to needy young people; 4) a study of the subjective moment into different processes and forms of organization when building the subjectivity into these... (Complet abstract, access undermentioned eletronic adress) / Mestre

Dara collected under differenr didacric condirions and evaluarion steps of a program for the learning of reading and wriring are reponed. The firsr didacric condirion corresponds ro an inirial phase of projecrion ro rhe communiry wirh rhe reachers help (Mares, Plancarre y Rueda, 1994). The second evaluarion is about a tesr applied in four experimemal programs designed by Mares et. al. based en rhe behavioral taxonomy developed by Ribes and Lopez (1985). Finally, rhe rhird condition corresponds ro rhe adaptarion of a reading and writing program for 40 children (Mares, Bazan and Farfan, 1995). In all cases, rhe effecriveness of rhe program was measured based en rhe mechanical and funcrional aspecrs of rhe wrirren language, and a comparison wirh other programs used by a differem group of reachers was established. / Se reportan los datos obtenidos en diferentes condiciones didácticas y/o momentos de evaluación de un programa de enseñanza de la lecto-escritura con perspectiva interconductual. La primera condición didáctica evaluada, corresponde a una fase inicial de proyección del programa como apoyo a la actividad del docente (Mares, Plancarte y Rueda, 1994). La segunda evaluación se refiere, a una prueba realizada sobre cuatro programas experimentales diseñadas por Mares y et al., con base en la taxonomía de la conducta elaborada por Ribes y López (1985). Finalmente, la tercera condición evaluada corresponde a una adecuación del programa de lecto-escritura a grupos de 40 niños (Mares, Bazán y Farfán, 1995). En todas las ocasiones la efectividad del programa se midió con base en los aspectos mecánicos y funcionales de la lengua escrita y, se estableció una comparación con otros programas utilizados por un grupo diferente de docentes.

Objetivo: Identificar as pré-competências para a aprendizagem da leitura e da escrita de crianças com fissura labiopalatina, caracterizando as funções perceptivas, do esquema corporal, da orientação espaço temporal, do desenvolvimento motor, da linguagem compreensiva e expressiva, e da consciência fonológica e comparar os desempenhos quanto aos tipos de fissura. Método: Participaram 120 crianças, ambos os sexos, de 05 e 06 anos, cursando o Jardim II e o 1º anos do ensino fundamental, compondo dois grupos: G1, como grupo alvo, formado por 60 crianças com fissura labiopalatina; e G2, como grupo controle, formado por 60 crianças. coleta de dados foram utilizados os instrumentos: Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven, Bateria de Avaliação de Competências Iniciais para a Leitura e Escrita, Perfil de Habilidades Fonológicas, Boston Naming Test e as Figuras Complexas de Rey. Resultados: Quando comparados os desempenhos dos participantes do G1 segundo os tipos de fissura, não houve diferença estatística nas modalidades avaliadas. Porém, quando comparados os desempenhos do G1 e G2, verificou-se diferença estatística nas funções intelectuais (p=0,019), do esquema corporal (p=0,036) e dos domínios lexicais (p=0,036), indicando prejuízos nas habilidades cognitivas do grupo alvo. A análise do aproveitamento das atividades quanto às funções avaliadas, houve associação da BACLE com relação à pré-competência do esquema corporal e as Figuras Complexas de Rey, tanto na cópia (p=0,008) quanto na memória (p=0,036). Outra associação estatística constatada foi relacionada às Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas e Figuras Complexas de Rey, com relação à cópia (p=0,019). Discussão: A incidência dos déficits no G1 corroboraram dados da literatura. Participantes com fissura pré-forame tiveram desempenhos mais rebaixos, indicando diferencial fenotípico dessa população. A ausência de desempenhos por excelência no G2 foi sugestivo de interferências ambientais cujos alunos eram de região de baixo poder aquisitivo e cultural. Conclusão: O estudo concluiu que a amostra estratificada de participantes com fissura labiopalatina, comparada ao grupo sem a mesma condição, evidenciou déficits nas habilidades cognitivas e principalmente no domínio de competências necessárias à aquisição da leitura e escrita, indicativo de maior vulnerabilidade para as dificuldades na aprendizagem. / Objective: To identify the pre-skills for learning reading and writing of children with cleft lip and palate, featuring the perceptual functions of body schema, guidance between time and space, motor development, receptive and expressive language, phonological awareness and compare the performances with the kinds of fissure. Method:In the research, 120 children participated, from both genders, with 5 and 6 years, frequenting Garden II and the 1st year of primary school, composing two groups: G1, as a target group, consisting of 60 children with cleft lip and palate; and G2, as a control group, consisting of 60 children. In the data collection several instruments were used: Colored Progressive Matrices of Raven, Initial Skills Assessment Battery for Reading and Writing, Phonological Abilities Profile, Boston Naming Test and the ComplexRey Figures. Results: When comparing the performances of G1 participants according to kinds of fissure, there was no statistical difference in the assessed modalities. However, when compared the performances of G1 and G2, was founda significantstatistically difference in intellectual function (p = 0.019), body regimen (p = 0.036) and lexical areas (p = 0.036), indicating loss in cognitive abilities from the target group. The analysis of the use of activities as the assessed functions, there was an association of BACLE in relation with the pre-competence of the body schema and the Complex Rey Figures, both in copy (p = 0.008) and in memory (p = 0.036). Another significant statistical association was related to the Colored Progressive Matrices and Complex Rey Figures, encompassing the copy (p = 0.019). Discussion: The incidence of deficits in G1 corroborated literature data. Participants with pre-foramen fissure had more recesses of performance, indicatinga phenotypic populational difference. The absence of performance for excellence in G2 was suggestive of an environmental interference whose students were from regions of short acquisitive power and low cultural level. Conclusion: The study concluded that the stratified sample of participants with cleft lip and palate, compared to those without the same condition, showed deficits in cognitive abilities, mainly in the area of required skills for the acquisition of reading and writing, indicating greater vulnerability to difficulties in learning.

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This qualitative research study examined the concepts of authorship exhibited by twelve selected good readers and writers in grades six and eight. Data were collected during pre-writing session interviews, five hour-long writing sessions, and post-composition interviews, and from written compositions and questionnaires. The following conclusions were drawn from the study. School and home reading programs that emphasized children's literature selections and regular and wide-ranged reading practices directly influenced the subjects' writing behaviors and concepts of authorship. In addition, those students who performed strongest as authors were those who found time to write privately at home or in a home-like situation. Revision occurred in traditional ways, such as movement or deletion of text, but also appeared to be related to the subjects' personal writing styles, such as verbalization, mental outlining, or reading the text out loud. Both grade levels exhibited individual writing development through integration of experiences, knowledge, and physical and social maturation. For these young writers, the key factor in perceived authorship was whether a writer had an interest in and enjoyed writing.

AbstractDenna uppsats handlar om att undersöka hur andraspråkselever som misstänks ha läs- och skrivsvårigheter/dyslexi utreds på en skola. I en empirisk studie intervjuas sex stycken pedagoger som arbetar med att göra de inledande testerna/kartläggningarna på elever med misstänkt dyslexi/läs- och skrivsvårigheter. Lärarna i undersökningen arbetar inom samma upptagningsområde som speciallärare/pedagoger. Uppsatsens resultat visar på att tillängliga diagnosverktyg på undersökt skola inte är anpassade för att kunna säkerställa en eventuell diagnos hos elever med ett annat modersmål än svenska.