Submitted by dayse paz (daysepaz@hotmail.com) on 2016-04-08T01:42:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta_o_C_ntia_da_Cruz_Chivittz.pdf: 1143457 bytes, checksum: fb5e304bb41926719c86894c487a6544 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by cleuza maria medina dos santos (cleuzamai@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-13T22:45:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta_o_C_ntia_da_Cruz_Chivittz.pdf: 1143457 bytes, checksum: fb5e304bb41926719c86894c487a6544 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-13T22:45:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta_o_C_ntia_da_Cruz_Chivittz.pdf: 1143457 bytes, checksum: fb5e304bb41926719c86894c487a6544 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / A poluição dos ambientes aquáticos por contaminantes orgânicos e misturas complexas, como aquelas provenientes de efluentes domésticos e industriais, tem levado certas populações de peixes a apresentarem adaptações bioquímicas e moleculares. Dentre estas, estão o aumento nos níveis do citocromo P450 1A (CYP1A), e em algumas populações, a perda da sua capacidade de indução após exposição a contaminantes agonistas do receptor de hidrocarbonetos aromáticos (AHR). Tal impossibilidade de induzir CYP1A é denominada resposta refratária, e vem sendo estudada há decadas em certas populações de peixes nativos da América do Norte. O presente estudo avaliou as respostas transcricionais de CYP1A utilizando RT-qPCR em brânquia, fígado e gonopódio dos peixes guarús Sul-Americanos Jenynsia multidentata e Phalloceros caudimaculatus coletados no entorno do estuário da Lagoa dos Patos, RS, Brasil. Os níveis de CYP1A em J. multidentata e P. caudimaculatus de um local contaminado por efluentes domésticos e outro próximo ao polo petroquímico, respectivamente, foram mais altos do que em locais referência, distantes destas fontes de contaminação. Exemplares de J. multidentata, provenientes de quatro locais foram expostos a 1 µM de β-naftoflavona (BNF) durante 24 h; e obtiveram indução de CYP1A em todos os órgãos em relação aos controles, exceto no fígado de peixes de um local contaminado, o que indica a possível existência de resposta refratária de CYP1A. Os resultados sugerem que os mecanismos responsáveis pela adaptação de J. multidentata aos locais poluídos são de alguma forma semelhantes aos encontrados em peixes da América do Norte e, possivelmente, envolve a resposta refratária de CYP1A e polimorfismos do AHR. O presente estudo forneceu informações a respeito da adaptação envolvendo respostas refratárias de CYP1A em peixes de locais poluídos e dá suporte para a utilização dos níveis transcricionais de CYP1A em guarús Sul-Americanos como biomarcador para o monitoramento da contaminação ambiental. / The water pollution caused by organic contaminants and complex mixtures, such as domestic and industrial sewage, caused some fish species to adapt at the biochemical and molecular level. This adaptation includes the increase in the level of cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) and an absence of induction by compounds that are agonists of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). This impossibility to induce CYP1A is called refractory response of the CYP1A, and has been studied by decades in some native fish populations in North America. The present study evaluated the transcriptional responses of CYP1A using RT-qPCR in gills, liver and gonopodium of the South American guppies Jenynsia multidentata and Phalloceros caudimaculatus collected around the Patos Lagoon Estuary, RS, Brazil. The level of CYP1A in J. multidentata and P. caudimaculatus collected in a stream contaminated with domestic sewage discharges and from an area close to a petrochemical center, respectively, showed high levels of CYP1A expression when compared to reference locations distant from the these sources of contamination. Copies of J. multidentata, from four sites were exposed to 1 µM of β-naftoflavona (BNF) for 24 h; and obtained induction of CYP1A in all organs compared to controls, except for the liver of fish from one contaminated site, which indicates the possible existence of CYP1A refractory response. The results suggest that the mechanisms responsible for the adaptation of J. multidentata to live in polluted sites are somehow similar to those found in North American fish and possibly are also related to the CYP1A refractory response and AHR receptor polymorphisms. This study provided informations about the adaptation involving refractory responses of CYP1A in fish from polluted environments and give support for the use of CYP1A transcriptional levels in South American guppies as biomarkers for the monitoring of environment contamination.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-13T12:17:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIssertacao Moacir Muniz de Souza.pdf: 2488607 bytes, checksum: 971219cf4dc15a72a69e2190b2068c4a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-30 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Rheedia brasiliensis, probably originated from Amazon is dispersed throughout north of South America, reaching almost the entire Brazilian territory and extending the Paraguay. The fruit is edible and very popular, but there is little information about process of seeds germination. The present study evaluates the desiccation and pregerminative treatments in seeds of this species. The experiments were performed in vivarium with 50% luminosity, arranged in a completely randomized design; in experiment of desiccation was tested seven humidity degree with four repetitions; in the pre-germinative treatments, both experiments were tested five treatments with four replicates. The seeds of Rheedia brasiliensis showed recalcitrant behavior, compared to desiccation with the level of security around 41% humidity. The critical level of humidity is located below of 41% and above of 34% humidity, which there is the beginning of the reduction in seed viability. Below of 20% and above 14% humidity, the seeds reach the lethal level of humidity. The tegument dormancy was confirmed in seeds of Rheedia brasiliensis, which can be overcome by partial or total removal of the seed tegument. The long period of germination, even after seed tegument removed suggests the existence of other types of dormancy, over the tegumentar in the seeds of this species. It is recommended to remove the tegument in both extremity of seeds, to accelerate and standardize the emergency, because this is a practical method to obtain and vigorous seedlings. / O bacurizinho (Rheedia brasiliensis), com provável origem amazônica, é disperso por todo o norte da América do Sul, alcançando quase todo o território brasileiro, chegando até o Paraguai. O seu fruto é comestível e bastante apreciado, existindo poucas informações sobre o processo germinativo de suas sementes. No presente trabalho, foram avaliados a dessecação e tratamentos pré-germinativos em sementes dessa espécie. Os experimentos foram realizados em viveiro com 50% de luminosidade, dispostos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado; no de dessecação, foram testatos sete graus de umidade com quatro repetições; no de tratamentos pré-germinativos, em ambos os ensaios foram testados cinco tratamentos com quatro repetições. As sementes de bacurizinho apresentam comportamento recalcitrante, frente à dessecação, tendo o nível de segunça em torno de 41% de umidade. O nível critico de umidade está situado abaixo de 41% e acima de 34% de umidade, onde há o início da redução na viabilidade das sementes. Abaixo de 20% e acima de 14% de umidade, as sementes atingem o nivel letal de umidade. Foi constada a dormência tegumentar em sementes de bacurizinho, que pode ser superada pela remoção total ou parcial do tegumento das sementes. O longo período de germinação, mesmo depois da retirada do tegumento, sugere a existência de outros tipos de dormência, além da tegumentar, nas sementes dessa espécie. Recomenda-se a retirada do tegumento nas duas extremidades das sementes, visando acelerar e uniformizar a emergência, por ser um método prático e proporcionar a obtenção de plântulas vigorosas.

Neste trabalho foi estudada a remoção e degradação de alquilbenzeno linear sulfonado (LAS) em esgoto sanitário afluente da Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto Monjolinho do município de São Carlos-SP. Para isso, foi utilizado reator anaeróbio de leito fluidificado (RALF) em escala piloto com areia como material suporte. O reator foi operado durante 220 dias em TDH de 18±1,96h e temperatura mesófila. Foram realizadas análises físico-químicas e cromatográficas, tanto de caracterização do esgoto sanitário afluente, quanto no monitoramento do reator. Em relação ao esgoto sanitário observou-se 653,50 ± 169,30 mg.L-1 e 6,19 ± 3,25 mg.L -1 para DQO bruta e LAS, respectivamente. Em relação aos metais potencialmente tóxicos foram observados cádmio, chumbo, manganês, níquel e zinco, além de traços de ferro. Em relação aos compostos recalcitrantes foram observados no esgoto sanitário butil benzeno sulfonamida, ácido hexadecanóico, limoneno, terpineno, fenol, álcool feniletílico, indolizina, cafeína e isobutil octadecil ftalato. Durante o período de operação do RALF em fluxo contínuo observou-se 503,84 ± 187,06 mg.L-1 e 210,53 ± 78,37 mg.L -1 de DQO bruta afluente e efluente, respectivamente, e eficiência de remoção de 56 ± 14%. Em relação ao LAS foi observado 7,77 ± 3,06 mg.L-1 e 5,67 ± 2,84 mg.L-1 para o afluente e efluente, respectivamente, e eficiência de remoção de 28 ± 27%. Por meio do balanço de massa foi verificado que apenas 0,1% dessa remoção foi por adsorção. Observou-se pH efluente de 7,40 ± 0,32, alcalinidade total efluente de 233,40 ± 40,75 mgCaCO3 L-1, e ácidos orgânicos voláteis efluente de 57,64 ± 48,08 mg L -1. / In this work, it was studied the removal and degradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) in a sanitary sewage effluent from the Monjolinho Sewage Treatment Station of the city of São Carlos-SP. For such, it was used a pilot scale anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR), filled with sand as support material. The reactor was operated with 18 hours of TDH and mesophilic temperature. Physicochemical and chromatographic analyzes were performed both in the characterization of the sewage inflow and in the monitoring of the reactor. The variation in concentration of COD and LAS were of 653,50 ± 169,30 mg L-1, and 6,189 ± 3,25 mg L-1, respectively. Regarding potentially toxic metals, cadmium, lead, manganese, nickel and zinc were observed, traces of Iron were also found. Regarding recalcitrant compounds was observed in sanitary sewage, butyl benzenesulfonamide, hexadecanoic acid, limonene, terpinene, phenol, phenylethyl alcohol, indolizine, caffeine and isobutyl octadecyl phthalate were observed. The AFBR was operated in a continuous stream during 220 days. During this period the COD concentration was 503.84 ± 187.06 mg L-1 and 210.53 ± 78.37 mg L-1, afluente and effluent, respectively, with a removal efficiency of 56 ± 14%. In regard to the surfactant LAS, was observed 7.77 ± 3.06 mg L-1 and 5.67 ± 2.84 mg L-1 a ffluent and effluent respectively, being the efficiency of removal of 28 ± 27%. When the mass balance was perform, it was possible to verify that only 0.1% of this LAS removal was by adsorption. The effluent pH remained stable, close to neutrality 7.40 ± 0.32, the total effluent alkalinity was 233.40 ± 40.75 mgCaCO3 L-1 and volatile organic acids 57.64 ± 48.08 mg L-1.

Honungens terapeutiska egenskaper utgör en grund för dess användning vid behandling av svårläkta sår vilket kan vara ett alternativ till andra konventionella metoder. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka vetenskaplig litteratur för att belysa vilka effekter användning av honung kan ha i samband med svårläkta sår samt patienters tillfredställelse med behandlingen. En systematisk modell med sju steg användes som metod för denna studie. Litteratursökningen genomfördes i databaserna PubMed, CINAHL, Medline och Cochrane Library. Relevanta artiklar granskades med hjälp av protokoll modifierad av författarna. Resultatet av 8 inkluderade studier (9 artiklar) visar att behandling med honung möjligtvis är likvärdig konventionell behandling vid svårläkta bensår. Mer forskning av hög kvalitet behövs för att säkert fastställa effektiviteten avseende behandling med honung.Nyckelord: honung, komplementär medicinsk behandling, litteraturstudie, svårläkta bensår, sårläkning. / Therapeutic properties of honey forms a basis for its use in the treatment of recalcitrant wounds which can be an alternative to other conventional methods. The purpose of this study was to examine the scientific literature to illustrate which effects the use of honey may be associated with regarding ulcers and patients' experience of treatment. A systematic model with seven stages was used as a method for this study. The literature search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, Medline and the Cochrane Library. Relevant articles were reviewed according to protocol modified by the authors. The results of the eight included studies (nine articles) show that honey is probably equal treatment to other conventional treatments for healing of recalcitrant leg wounds. More high quality research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of honey treatment. Keywords: honey, complementary medical treatment, literature review, recalcitrant leg ulcers, wound healing.

This study is aimed to provide comprehensive evaluation and mechanistic understanding of the impact of process intensification techniques applied in main and side stream wastewater treatment on biosolids management in terms of anaerobic digestion enhancement, dewaterability improvement, odor mitigation, as well as phosphorus and nitrogen removal. The first part of this study was conducted to understand the effect of anaerobic digester solids retention time (SRT) on odor emission from biosolids. A kinetic model and inhibitory studies showed the emission of methanethiol (MT), a representative odor compound, was primarily determined by the dynamic concurrence of MT production from amino acid and utilization by methanogens in the course of anaerobic digestion. MT emission pattern follows a bell-shape curve with SRT in anaerobic digesters. However, for digested and dewatered biosolids, SRT ranging from 15 to 50 days in anaerobic digesters demonstrated insignificant effect on the odor emission from biosolids. In contrast, the peak odor emission was found to exponentially increase with both shear intensity and polymer dose applied during dewatering. The second part of this study investigated the impact of process intensification practices on sludge dewatering performance. The integration of high-rate activated sludge process and anaerobic digestion elevated the sludge orthophosphate level, leading to struvite scaling and dewaterability deterioration. Superior orthophosphate removal, significant improvement of sludge dewaterability, and favorable economics were achieved through sludge conditioning by cerium chloride. Continuous flow aerobic granulation technology offered significant process intensification of mainstream treatment trains. However, its impact on biosolids management was not studied. This study showed that there was little dewaterability difference between aerobic granular sludge and activated sludge when polymer was not added. However, about 75% polymer saving and improved dewatering performance were observed with polymer addition. When subjected to high shear, a greater dewaterability deterioration was observed for granular sludge than activated sludge. The last part of this study is focused on the impact of anaerobic digestion process intensification through thermal treatment including pre-pasteurization, thermophilic anaerobic digestion, temperature phased anaerobic digestion, and thermal hydrolysis pretreatment. Improved methane production, pathogen reduction, dewatering performance, and odor mitigation were observed with the involvement of these high-temperature processes. However, special cautions and measure should be taken during the start-up of these high rate processes as they are more liable to digester souring. In addition, the in-depth understanding of the mechanism of recalcitrant dissolved organic nitrogen formation during sludge thermal pretreatment was provided. / Doctor of Philosophy / This study is aimed to provide comprehensive evaluation and mechanistic understanding of the impact of process intensification techniques applied in main and side stream wastewater treatment on biosolids management in terms of anaerobic digestion enhancement, dewaterability improvement, odor mitigation, as well as phosphorus and nitrogen removal. The first part of this study was conducted to understand the effect of anaerobic digester solids retention time (SRT) on odor emission from biosolids. A kinetic model and inhibitory studies showed the emission of methanethiol (MT), a representative odor compound, was primarily determined by the dynamic concurrence of MT production from amino acid and utilization by methanogens in the course of anaerobic digestion. MT emission pattern follows a bell-shape curve with SRT in anaerobic digesters. However, for digested and dewatered biosolids, SRT ranging from 15 to 50 days in anaerobic digesters demonstrated insignificant effect on the odor emission from biosolids. In contrast, the peak odor emission was found to exponentially increase with both shear intensity and polymer dose applied during dewatering. The second part of this study investigated the impact of process intensification practices on sludge dewatering performance. The integration of high-rate activated sludge process and anaerobic digestion elevated the sludge orthophosphate level, leading to struvite scaling and dewaterability deterioration. Superior orthophosphate removal, significant improvement of sludge dewaterability, and favorable economics were achieved through sludge conditioning by cerium chloride. Continuous flow aerobic granulation technology offered significant process intensification of mainstream treatment trains. However, its impact on biosolids management was not studied. This study showed that there was little dewaterability difference between aerobic granular sludge and activated sludge when polymer was not added. However, about 75% polymer saving and improved dewatering performance were observed with polymer addition. When subjected to high shear, a greater dewaterability deterioration was observed for granular sludge than activated sludge. The last part of this study is focused on the impact of anaerobic digestion process intensification through thermal treatment including pre-pasteurization, thermophilic anaerobic digestion, temperature phased anaerobic digestion, and thermal hydrolysis pretreatment. Improved methane production, pathogen reduction, dewatering performance, and odor mitigation were observed with the involvement of these high-temperature processes. However, special cautions and measure should be taken during the start-up of these high rate processes as they are more liable to digester souring. In addition, the in-depth understanding of the mechanism of recalcitrant dissolved organic nitrogen formation during sludge thermal pretreatment was provided.

Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a remoção e degradação de surfactante aniônico alquilbenzeno linear sulfonado (LAS) em esgoto sanitário do município de São Carlos – SP empregando o reator anaeróbio de leito granular expandido (EGSB - Expanded Granular Sludge Bed) em escala piloto, com TDH de 36 horas e temperatura mesofílica (±35ºC), instalado na ETE de São Carlos. Análises físico-químicas e cromatográficas foram realizadas para a caracterização do esgoto sanitário e monitoramento do reator EGSB. Foi observado no esgoto sanitário concentração de DQO bruta e LAS de 653,50 ± 169,30 mg L-1 e 6,189 ± 3,25 mg L-1, respectivamente. Em relação ao Ferro e metais potencialmente tóxicos, foram observados no esgoto sanitário os seguintes compostos: Cádmio, Chumbo, Ferro, Manganês, Níquel e Zinco. Em relação aos compostos recalcitrantes foram observados Butil Benzenosulfonamida, Ácido Hexadecanóico, Limoneno, Terpineno, Fenol, Álcool Feniletílico, Indolizina, Cafeína e Isobutil Octadecil Ftalato. O reator EGSB foi monitorado durante 314 dias e observou-se para DQO afluente e efluente, respectivamente, 265,82 ± 82,36 mg L-1 e 63,24 ± 40,67 mg L-1. Em relação ao LAS observou-se 7,35 ± 3,76 mg L-1 e 3,32 ± 3,08 mg L-1, respectivamente. Verificou-se 60,37 ± 29,84% de remoção de LAS. Observou-se durante toda operação pH próximo a neutralidade (7,26 ± 0,31), alcalinidade total efluente de 234,61 ± 64,39 mgCaCO3 L-1 e ácidos orgânicos voláteis efluente de 88,26 ± 23,68 mg L-1. Por meio do balanço de massa constatou-se que 56,2% do LAS foram removidos, compreendendo 12,8% por adsorção e 43,4% por biodegradação. Ao longo da operação do EGSB observou-se desestruturação e diminuição do tamanho médio dos grânulos, tal fato corrobora com a maior concentração efluente de sólidos totais e sólidos totais voláteis no primeiro mês e ao final da operação em comparação com a média geral de sólidos efluentes. Foram identificados por meio da plataforma Illumina MiSeq, 18 gêneros relacionados a degradação do LAS, tais como Synergistes, Syntrophorhabdus, Syntrophus, Clostridium, Geobacter e Desulfovibrio. / This study purpose was to evaluate the Anionic Surfactant Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS) in sanitary sewage from the city of São Carlos using an anaerobic expanded granular sludge bed reactor (EGSB), at pilot scale, with 36 hours TDH and (± 35ºC) mesophilic temperature, installed at São Carlos wastewater treatment station. Physical-chemical and chromatographic analyzes were performed for sanitary sewage characterization and EGSB reactor monitoring. It was observed an amount of 653,50 ± 169,30 mg L-1 in the raw sewage COD and an amount of 6,189 ± 3,25 mg L-1 in LAS. Regarding the potentially toxic metals, the following compounds were observed in the sanitary sewage: Cadmium, Lead, Iron, Manganese, Nickel and Zinc. Concerning recalcitrant compounds, Butyl Benzenesulfonamide, Hexadecanoic Acid, Limonene, Terpinene, Phenol, Phenylethyl Alcohol, Indolizine, Caffeine and Isobutyl Octadecyl Phthalate were observed. The EGSB reactor was monitored for 314 days and was observed for affluent and effluent COD, respectively, 265.82 ± 82.36 mg L-1 and 63.24 ± 40.67 mg L-1. In relation to LAS, were observed 7.35 ± 3.76 mg L-1 and 3.32 ± 3.08 mg L-1, respectively. There was 60.37 ± 29.84% LAS removal. It was observed, during the whole operation, pH close to neutrality (7.26 ± 0.31), total effluent alkalinity of 234.61 ± 64.39 mg.CaCO3.L-1 and volatile organic acids effluent of 88.26 ± 23, 68 mg L-1. By mass balance it was verified that 56,2% of the LAS were removed, comprising 12,8% by adsorption and 43,4% by biodegradation. During the EGSB operation, it was observed a disintegration and a decrease in the average granules size, fact that corroborates with higher total solids effluent concentration and total volatile solids in the first month and at the end of the operation compared to general effluent solids average. 18 genres related to LAS degradation were identified through the Illumina MiSeq platform, such as Synergistes, Syntrophorhabdus, Syntrophus, Clostridium, Geobacter and Desulfovibrio.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:49:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 541873 bytes, checksum: fdcc605bea14b02147b0c484cd440a14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The research was realized in four phases. In the 1st phase, interviews were accomplished with proprietors of car-washes with the objective of knowing your environmental and social impacts. In the 2nd phase synthetic effluents of car-washes were treated during 147 days in batch anaerobic reactors with five different oil and detergent concentrations. In the 3rd phase six reactors were monitored in batch form, during 20 days, with substrate containing high oil concentrations (0,5 to 2,5 g.l-1) and surfactants concentrations (5,0g.L-1). These treatments were realized with purpose to verified the relation between oil concentration and inhibition of the biologic activity. In the 4th phase six batch anaerobic reactors, with different proportions of the surfactant, were monitored during 35 days. The concentrations of organic matter influent and effluent were analyzed in all the treatments and in the sludge were determined solid concentration. Daily the biogas produced was measures and characterized. In the 2nd phase the average removal of soluble COD was about 82%, for a monitoring period of 18 days. For raw COD during 100 days of operation the average removal was approximately 76% and the production of methane was directly proportional the substrate concentrations. It was verified that the anaerobic biological activity occurs in surfactant concentration below 0,5 g.L-1, and starting from that concentration it begins to happen inhibition of the process / O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido em quatro fases. A primeira fase teve o objetivo de levantar dados sobre os impactos ambientais e sociais causados pelos lava-jatos. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas com seus proprietários. Na segunda fase, foram tratados anaerobiamente, durante 147 dias, em reatores de batelada, efluentes sintéticos de lava-jatos com cinco diferentes concentrações de óleo e detergente. Na terceira fase, foram monitorados seis reatores anaeróbios, em regime de batelada, durante 20 dias, com substratos contendo altas concentrações de óleo (0,5 a 2,5 g.L-1) e surfactantes (5,0 g.L-1). Estes tratamentos tiveram por finalidade verificar se, com o aumento da concentração de óleo, haveria inibição da atividade biológica. Na quarta fase, foram realizados, anaerobiamente, em reatores de batelada, durante 35 dias, seis experimentos com diferentes concentrações de surfactante para verificar que concentração inibiria o processo biológico anaeróbio. Para todos os tratamentos foram analisadas as concentrações de matéria orgânica (DQO) afluente e efluente, bem como as concentrações de sólidos do lodo. Diariamente, foram realizadas leituras do volume e da composição do biogás. Como resultados da segunda fase, verificaram-se remoções de DQO solúvel média de 82% aos 18 dias e para DQO bruta em torno de 76% para os cinco tratamentos, durante 100 dias de operação. A produção de metano foi diretamente proporcional às concentrações dos substratos. Constatou-se que a atividade biológica anaeróbia ocorre numa concentração de surfactante de até aproximadamente 0,5 g.L-1, sendo que a partir daí, começa a ocorrer inibição do processo

Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a remoção e degradação de surfactante aniônico alquilbenzeno linear sulfonado (LAS) em esgoto sanitário do município de São Carlos – SP empregando o reator anaeróbio de leito granular expandido (EGSB - Expanded Granular Sludge Bed) em escala piloto, com TDH de 36 horas e temperatura mesofílica (±35ºC), instalado na ETE de São Carlos. Análises físico-químicas e cromatográficas foram realizadas para a caracterização do esgoto sanitário e monitoramento do reator EGSB. Foi observado no esgoto sanitário concentração de DQO bruta e LAS de 653,50 ± 169,30 mg L-1 e 6,189 ± 3,25 mg L-1, respectivamente. Em relação ao Ferro e metais potencialmente tóxicos, foram observados no esgoto sanitário os seguintes compostos: Cádmio, Chumbo, Ferro, Manganês, Níquel e Zinco. Em relação aos compostos recalcitrantes foram observados Butil Benzenosulfonamida, Ácido Hexadecanóico, Limoneno, Terpineno, Fenol, Álcool Feniletílico, Indolizina, Cafeína e Isobutil Octadecil Ftalato. O reator EGSB foi monitorado durante 314 dias e observou-se para DQO afluente e efluente, respectivamente, 265,82 ± 82,36 mg L-1 e 63,24 ± 40,67 mg L-1. Em relação ao LAS observou-se 7,35 ± 3,76 mg L-1 e 3,32 ± 3,08 mg L-1, respectivamente. Verificou-se 60,37 ± 29,84% de remoção de LAS. Observou-se durante toda operação pH próximo a neutralidade (7,26 ± 0,31), alcalinidade total efluente de 234,61 ± 64,39 mgCaCO3 L-1 e ácidos orgânicos voláteis efluente de 88,26 ± 23,68 mg L-1. Por meio do balanço de massa constatou-se que 56,2% do LAS foram removidos, compreendendo 12,8% por adsorção e 43,4% por biodegradação. Ao longo da operação do EGSB observou-se desestruturação e diminuição do tamanho médio dos grânulos, tal fato corrobora com a maior concentração efluente de sólidos totais e sólidos totais voláteis no primeiro mês e ao final da operação em comparação com a média geral de sólidos efluentes. Foram identificados por meio da plataforma Illumina MiSeq, 18 gêneros relacionados a degradação do LAS, tais como Synergistes, Syntrophorhabdus, Syntrophus, Clostridium, Geobacter e Desulfovibrio. / This study purpose was to evaluate the Anionic Surfactant Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS) in sanitary sewage from the city of São Carlos using an anaerobic expanded granular sludge bed reactor (EGSB), at pilot scale, with 36 hours TDH and (± 35ºC) mesophilic temperature, installed at São Carlos wastewater treatment station. Physical-chemical and chromatographic analyzes were performed for sanitary sewage characterization and EGSB reactor monitoring. It was observed an amount of 653,50 ± 169,30 mg L-1 in the raw sewage COD and an amount of 6,189 ± 3,25 mg L-1 in LAS. Regarding the potentially toxic metals, the following compounds were observed in the sanitary sewage: Cadmium, Lead, Iron, Manganese, Nickel and Zinc. Concerning recalcitrant compounds, Butyl Benzenesulfonamide, Hexadecanoic Acid, Limonene, Terpinene, Phenol, Phenylethyl Alcohol, Indolizine, Caffeine and Isobutyl Octadecyl Phthalate were observed. The EGSB reactor was monitored for 314 days and was observed for affluent and effluent COD, respectively, 265.82 ± 82.36 mg L-1 and 63.24 ± 40.67 mg L-1. In relation to LAS, were observed 7.35 ± 3.76 mg L-1 and 3.32 ± 3.08 mg L-1, respectively. There was 60.37 ± 29.84% LAS removal. It was observed, during the whole operation, pH close to neutrality (7.26 ± 0.31), total effluent alkalinity of 234.61 ± 64.39 mg.CaCO3.L-1 and volatile organic acids effluent of 88.26 ± 23, 68 mg L-1. By mass balance it was verified that 56,2% of the LAS were removed, comprising 12,8% by adsorption and 43,4% by biodegradation. During the EGSB operation, it was observed a disintegration and a decrease in the average granules size, fact that corroborates with higher total solids effluent concentration and total volatile solids in the first month and at the end of the operation compared to general effluent solids average. 18 genres related to LAS degradation were identified through the Illumina MiSeq platform, such as Synergistes, Syntrophorhabdus, Syntrophus, Clostridium, Geobacter and Desulfovibrio.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-10-05T14:19:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 joaopaulomarinhoderezende.pdf: 4196573 bytes, checksum: ebdd159522bdab6897215b5587c36b68 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-10-06T12:29:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 joaopaulomarinhoderezende.pdf: 4196573 bytes, checksum: ebdd159522bdab6897215b5587c36b68 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-06T12:29:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 joaopaulomarinhoderezende.pdf: 4196573 bytes, checksum: ebdd159522bdab6897215b5587c36b68 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-18 / O Líquen Plano Oral (LPO) é considerado uma doença inflamatória auto imune de curso crônico e sua presença pode estar relacionada com o aumento do estresse emocional. A sua relevância clínica está na possibilidade, ainda controversa, de se transformar em um carcinoma de células escamosas e de sua etiologia ainda obscura e desconhecida. Esse trabalho se propôs a tratar lesões de LPO que foram recalcitrantes aos tratamentos convencionais com corticosteróides, utilizando-se o Tacrolimo 0,1% (Protopic®) de uso tópico, aplicado duas vezes ao dia, por um período de oito semanas. Foram selecionados quinze pacientes (n = 15), que preencheram uma ficha de anamnese e uma escala visual de dor antes e depois do tratamento. Todos os pacientes se submeteram a uma biópsia inicial para o diagnóstico da doença e outra final para avaliar a ação da medicação sobre o infiltrado inflamatório. Foi realizado controle semanal, observando-se os aspectos clínicos, a sintomatologia dolorosa e a ocorrência de efeitos colaterais que quando presentes foram leves e transitórios. A análise dos resultados mostrou doze pacientes (80%) com remissão completa ou quase que completa das lesões e da sintomatologia dolorosa, dois pacientes (13,33%) apresentaram as lesões mais claras e apenas um paciente (6,67%) não obteve nenhuma alteração clínica e da sintomatologia dolorosa. Quanto à análise da regressão das características histológicas do LPO, notamos uma regressão moderada ou acentuada em doze pacientes (80%) e ausente ou leve em três pacientes (20%). Esses resultados nos fazem concluir que o Tacrolimo 0,1% (Protopic®) é uma medicação eficaz e segura, que melhora o aspecto clínico da lesão, diminui a sintomatologia dolorosa e reduz as características histopatológicas do LPO. / The oral lichen planus (OLP) has been considered a chronic-course auto immune inflammatory disease and its presence may be related to increased emotional stress. The clinical relevance of OLP is the possibility, in developing a squamous cell carcinoma which its etiology is still obscure and unknown. The aim of the present study is to treat OLP lesions that were recalcitrant to conventional treatment with corticosteroids, using topical Tacrolimus 0.1% (Protopic®), applied twice a day, for a period of eight weeks. Fifteen patients were selected who had filled out a history form and a visual scale for pain before and after treatment. All patients were submitted to an initial biopsy for the diagnosis of the disease and another one at the end to evaluate the effect of medication on the infiltrate. A weekly control was carried out, observing the clinical aspects, painful symptoms and the occurrence of side effects which, where present, were mild and transient. The results showed twelve patients (80%) with total or nearly total remission of painful symptoms and lesions, two patients (13.33%) showed the clearer lesions and only one patient (6.67%) did not obtain any change in clinical symptoms and pain. Throught the analysis of the histopathological features regression of OLP, if could be noticed a moderate or accented regression in twelve patients (80%) and an absent or mild regression in three patients (20%). Based on the our results, it was possible to conclude that the Tacrolimus 0.1% (Protopic®)is a safe and effective medication that improves the clinical aspect of the injury, reduces the painful symptoms and reduces the histopathological features of the OLP.

As jabuticabeiras são árvores tipicamente brasileiras, de origem subtropical e tem como principal distribuição o centro sul do país. Dentre elas está a Sabará, a qual é a mais cultivada em todo o país. Sua propagação é realizada basicamente através de sementes, pois métodos de propagação vegetativa ainda são pouco utilizados. Contudo, a enxertia tem se mostrado promissora e a necessidade de porta enxertos bem formados torna-se essencial para o sucesso desta técnica. As sementes de jabuticaba são classificadas com recalcitrantes por serem sensíveis à dessecação o que dificulta seu armazenamento. As jabuticabeiras Sabará (Myrciaria jaboticaba Berg) são frutas nativas do Brasil, cuja distribuição concentra-se no centro sul do país. Trata-se de uma espécie subtropical com frutos pequenos, de coloração escura e muito doces, sendo utilizados principalmente para a confecção de geleias, licores e vinhos, pois o fruto in natura possui vida de prateleira muito curta, de até dois dias. Fatores externos e de cultivo limitam a produção de frutos e um deles poderia ser a presença de luz solar na maturação do fruto. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influencia da luz solar na maturação do fruto de jabuticaba, através da divisão da planta em quadrantes e se a germinação da semente diminui durante o armazenamento em dois ambientes, geladeira e temperatura ambiente. Para a primeira etapa dividiu-se cinco plantas em quadrantes Norte, Sul, Leste e Oeste, onde foram coletados frutos para a análise físico-química e os parâmetros avaliados foram: o diâmetro, peso do fruto, Brix, acidez titulável, o índice de maturação e pH. Foi observado que apenas para o parâmetro Brix e, consequentemente para o índice de maturação, houve diferença estatística entre o quadrante Sul dos demais. A partir disso pode-se concluir que há influência da luz solar sobre alguns parâmetros de qualidade do fruto de jabuticabeira. Para o armazenamento sementes de jabuticaba Sabará foram coletadas e armazenadas em geladeira (5°C) e temperatura ambiente (~25°C) durante 105 dias em saquinhos de polietileno. Foram postas para germinar aos 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56, 70 e 105 dias e foram feitas avaliações semanais. Foi possível perceber que não houve diferença estatística entre os dois ambientes, mostrando que se trata de uma semente tolerante a temperaturas baixas para o armazenamento. A partir do teste de secagem foi possível observar o comportamento recalcitrante da semente, pois esta perdeu o poder germinativo com a perda gradual de umidade. Conclui-se, então, que a semente de jabuticaba é recalcitrante, porém classificada como minimamente recalcitrante já que tolerou armazenamento em temperaturas baixas. / Jabuticaba trees are typical Brazilian trees and are mainly distributed in the country\'s center- south. Among them there is Sabará, which is the most spread specie through Brazil. Its propagation is basically made with seeds since the vegetative propagation is still less used. However, grafting seems to be efficient and the necessity of good rootstocks becomes essential to the technique\'s success. Jabuticaba seeds are classified as recalcitrant because they are drying sensible turning the storage difficult. Jabuticaba Sabará trees (Myrciaria jaboticaba Berg) are brazilian native fruits, which are mainly distributed in the country\'s center-south. It is subtropical specie with small fruits, dark colored and very sweet, being used to make jellies, liquors and wines, since in natura fruits are very perishable not lasting two days. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of the sun light in jabuticaba\'s maturation and if the germination decrease during the storage in two different environments. It was possible to notice that during jabuticaba\'s development it was possible to notice that TSS, and consequently the TSS/TTA ratio, was influenced by the position of the fruit on the tree. The south side had lower results compared to the other quadrants, showing that there should be a sunlight influence in some quality parameters in jabuticaba\'s fruits. For storage test jabuticaba\'s seeds were collected and stored in fridge (5°C) and in environmental temperature (~25°C) during 105 days in polyethylene bags. Germination tests were taken at 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 56, 70 e 105 days and weekly evaluations were made. It was possible to notice that there were no differences between both environments, showing that this seed tolerates low storage temperatures. From the drying test it was possible to observe the recalcitrant behavior of the seed, since it lost its germination power with the humidity loss. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that jabuticaba\'s seeds are recalcitrant, however it could be classified as minimally recalcitrant due the fact that it could be stored in low temperatures.