[pt] Esta dissertação de mestrado resulta de uma pesquisa documental e bibliográfica realizada durante a pandemia mundial ocasionada pela COVID-19 (2020-2022). O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar qualitativamente os direcionamentos dados pelas políticas migratórias brasileiras durante a pandemia e suas repercussões ao grupo de nacionalidade venezuelana, visto ser este o maior fluxo migratório para o Brasil neste período. Utilizamos a análise documental como ferramenta metodológica, que possibilitou a reunião de documentos jurídiconormativos relacionados ao acolhimento humanitário da migração venezuelana pelo Estado brasileiro no período de 2018 a 2021 e após um panorama geral do material produzido pelos órgãos federais, selecionamos os documentos a serem analisados no contexto da pandemia. Os países do Sul-Global têm sido as principais rotas da migração de cidadãos venezuelanos e o que podemos observar a respeito das políticas migratórias implementadas, é que as formas de concebê-las e executá-las são muito diversificadas e estão vinculadas ao processo de formação regional, e de aspectos sociais, políticos e econômicos de cada país, apesar dos tratados internacionais de proteção humanitária e de refúgio. No caso brasileiro, a recepção de migrantes venezuelanos é atravessada pela militarização e ordenamento das fronteiras e por práticas precárias de acolhimento, muito embora, haja uma mudança de paradigma no arcabouço jurídico que caminha em direção a consolidação do Brasil com uma legislação mais democrática e protetiva em relação as migrações internacionais. Durante a pandemia percebe-se uma inflexão na recepção aos migrantes a partir do fechamento das fronteiras territoriais por sucessivas portarias interministeriais sob o pretexto de prevenção epidemiológica. Diante dos retrocessos na garantia dos direitos, observou-se que o desenho da política migratória na atualidade ainda é fragmentado e contraditório, com desafios e problemáticas que não garantem ao migrante e/ou refugiado o acesso universal ao sistema de proteção social brasileiro, além da ausência de implementação de políticas públicas intersetoriais nas três esferas governamentais que acolham os migrantes a partir das suas especificidades, vulnerabilidades, demandas, desejos e modos de vida / [en] This master s thesis is the result of a documentary and bibliographic research conducted during the global pandemic caused by COVID-19 (2020-2022). The objective of this work was to qualitatively analyze the directions given by Brazilian migration policies during the pandemic and its repercussions on the Venezuelan nationality group, since this is the largest migratory flow to Brazil in this period. We used documentary analysis as a methodological tool, which enabled the gathering of legal- normative documents related to the humanitarian reception of Venezuelan migration by the Brazilian State in the period from 2018 to 2021 and after an overview of the material produced by federal agencies, we selected the documents to be analyzed in the context of the pandemic. The countries of the Global-South have been the main routes of migration of Venezuelan citizens and what we can observe regarding the implemented migration policies, is that the ways of conceiving and executing them are very diverse and are linked to the process of regional formation, and social, political and economic aspects of each country, despite international humanitarian protection and refugee treaties. In the Brazilian case, the reception of Venezuelan migrants is crossed by the militarization and regulation of the borders and by precarious practices of reception, even though there is a change of paradigm in the legal framework that moves towards the consolidation of Brazil with a more democratic and protective legislation in relation to international migration. During the pandemic, we can see an inflexion in the reception of migrants as of the closing of territorial borders by successive interministerial ordinances under the pretext of epidemiological prevention. Given the setbacks in the guarantee of rights, it was observed that the design of migration policy today is still fragmented and contradictory, with challenges and problems that do not guarantee the migrant and/or refugee universal access to the Brazilian social protection system. The lack of implementation of intersectoral public policies in the three spheres of government that welcome migrants based on their specificities, vulnerabilities, demands, desires and ways of life.

Is it possible to conceive of migrants as active stakeholders of migration and asylum policies rather than passive objects of political and humanitarian intervention? In the public discourse on migration, migrants' voices are largely ignored and their political future in the reception country is often that of ascribed muteness and disenfranchisement. Yet, migrants have a voice, a history, a context, and therefore, potential aspirations to a political existence. In this dissertation, I propose an empirical study of the migratory journeys that occurred during what has been known as "the summer of migration," which described the incoming of migrants via the Aegean Sea and through the Western Balkans to Germany and the rest of Northern Europe. Based on field observations in initial reception centers for asylum seekers in Hamburg and semi-structured interviews with fifteen participants from Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan who came to Germany between 2015 and 2016, this dissertation proposes an analytical framework that provides a critical approach to the migration management regime and migrants migratory journey narratives. The claim of this dissertation is double. First it argues that it is analytically necessary to systematize the production of immanent knowledge about migrants' journeys through their own subjectivities. Such a perspective enables a deeper understanding of the impact of human mobility on state sovereignty, borderscapes and the workings of the migration management regime. Second, it is equally necessary to politically contribute to the normalization of integrating migrants' voices in the public debate and discourse to address oppressive practices of migration management and control. / Ph. D.

This thesis presents research into the housing pathways of newcomers in Ireland who receive status to remain in the country and come through the Irish direct provision reception system. In the global context of financialisation of housing and local context of state reliance on the private market to provide housing to all sections of society, cities in Ireland are experiencing severe housing crises like many other cities across the globe, characterised by shortage, increasing rents and persistent homelessness rates. Meanwhile, in response to increased migration and heightened border anxieties, Ireland has sought to deter forced migrants, in this case with dispersed and unattractive direct provision reception centres. What happens then to newcomers with status to remain in Ireland, an already particularly vulnerable group in the housing system, when they have to enter this system in crisis after year-long stays in dispersed reception centres? This thesis addresses this question, looking at the specific effects of the Irish housing regime, with its unique local and recognisable global characteristics, and Irish reception policy, with its particular direct provision system, on newcomers’ search for housing. For context, the historical development and current features of the Irish housing regime, as well as migration and reception policy are traced and outlined. The thesis then tracks previous literature from international and Irish settings that deals with the issue of housing for newcomers in the Global North, including the historical development of the field and its current trends. The research design makes use of a cross-sectional, mixed-method approach to achieve its objectives. Using a constructionist housing pathways framework of analysis, accompanied by important concepts from thinkers such as Lefebvre, Agamben and Bengtsson & Borevi, the research draws on a mixture of surveys and follow-up interviews to examine the constraints, structures, strategies and outcomes of households when they have been granted status to remain in Ireland and must leave reception centres and find their own housing. The research identifies identity and power as two crucial factors in the navigation of housing pathways for newcomers and shows the detrimental effect of the retreat of the state from housing provision and reliance on marketised social housing provision on the right to housing for this group. Finally, the thesis recommends potential future studies and the policy implications of the research, in light of the difficulties of finding housing through the HAP scheme reported in this research, urge caution for proposed further reliance on marketised social housing provision for newcomers.