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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Estudo da expressão das subunidades GluR1 e GluR2 no hipocampo de ratos após lesão por NMDA e avaliação do efeito neuroprotetor da Parawixina 10 / Study of the expression of GluR1 and GluR2 in hippocampus of rats after injury by NMDA and evaluation of the neuroprotective effect of Parawixina 10.

Fachim, Helene Aparecida 28 March 2013 (has links)
Tem sido demonstrado o envolvimento do glutamato, através de diferentes receptores, nos mecanismos excitotóxicos que levam à morte neuronal na maioria das doenças neurodegenerativas do Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC). Adicionalmente, a Parawixina 10 (Pwx 10) tem sido demonstrada possuir efeito neuroprotetor em modelos de lesão atuando sobre o transporte de glutamato. Os objetivos gerais deste trabalho foram: i) estudar, em um curso temporal (24h, 1, 2 e 4 semanas), as alterações na expressão dos receptores AMPA no hipocampo de ratos induzidas pela injeção local de NMDA e ii) estudar o efeito neuroprotetor da Pwx 10 neste modelo. Foram utilizados ratos Wistar machos, submetidos à cirurgia estereotáxica para a microinjeção de salina ou NMDA no hipocampo dorsal. Alguns grupos de animais foram tratados com Pwx 10 a partir de 1h ou 24h após NMDA. O teste comportamental no labirinto aquático de Morris (LAM) e a coloração de Nissl foram realizados para verificar a extensão e eficácia da lesão por NMDA e o efeito neuroprotetor da Pwx 10. A expressão dos receptores foi estudada através do método de imunoistoquímica. Foram também realizados experimentos de imunofluorescência para GFAP e NeuN para avaliação da gliose e presença de neurônios na área lesada. Foi observado comprometimento das funções de aprendizado e memória no LAM, além de intensa perda de células neuronais e proliferação glial na região do CA1 que recebeu o NMDA, comprovando a eficiência da lesão pelo agonista. Observamos um curso temporal de diferentes alterações na expressão das subunidades GluR1 e GluR2 dos receptors AMPA no hipocampo, que podem ser relacionadas ao complexo mecanismo que ocorre em resposta à microinjeção de NMDA resultando em uma lesão local e na ativação da plasticidade neuronal. O tratamento com Pwx 10 apresentou efeito neuroprotetor, sendo este mais pronunciado quando a toxina foi administrada a partir de 1h após o agonista. / It has been shown the involvement of glutamate, through different receptors, on the excitotoxic mechanisms which result on the neuronal death reported in most neurodegenerative disorders of the CNS. In addition, Parawixina 10 (Pwx 10) has been demonstrated to act as neuroprotective in models of injury regulating the glutamatergic neurotransmission through glutamate transporters. The aims of this work were: i) to study, in a time course (24h, 1, 2 and 4 weeks), the changes on the expression of AMPA receptors in rat hippocampus induced by NMDA intrahippocampal injection, and ii) to study the neuroprotective effect of Pwx 10 in this moldel. Male Wistar rats has been used, submitted to stereotaxic surgery for saline or NMDA microinjection into dorsal hippocampus. Some groups of animals were treated with Pwx 10 from 1h or 24h after NMDA. The behavioral test on Morris water maze (MWM) and the Nissl staining were performed for evaluating the extension and efficacy of the NMDA injury and the neuroprotective effect of the Pwx 10 . The expression of the receptors was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The expression of GFAP and NeuN on the lesioned area has also been investigated by immunofluorescency. It was observed the impaiment of learning and memory functions in the MWM, and intense loss of neuronal cells and glial proliferation in CA1 that received the NMDA, confirming the efficiency of the injury by the agonist. We observed a time course of distinct changes on the expression of GluR1 and GluR2 subunits of AMPA receptors in hippocampus, which may be related to the complex mechanism triggered in response to NMDA injection resulting in a local injury and on the activation of neuronal plasticity. The treatment with Pwx 10 showed neuroprotective effect, being most pronounced when the toxin was administrated from 1h after NMDA.
2

Estudo da expressão das subunidades GluR1 e GluR2 no hipocampo de ratos após lesão por NMDA e avaliação do efeito neuroprotetor da Parawixina 10 / Study of the expression of GluR1 and GluR2 in hippocampus of rats after injury by NMDA and evaluation of the neuroprotective effect of Parawixina 10.

Helene Aparecida Fachim 28 March 2013 (has links)
Tem sido demonstrado o envolvimento do glutamato, através de diferentes receptores, nos mecanismos excitotóxicos que levam à morte neuronal na maioria das doenças neurodegenerativas do Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC). Adicionalmente, a Parawixina 10 (Pwx 10) tem sido demonstrada possuir efeito neuroprotetor em modelos de lesão atuando sobre o transporte de glutamato. Os objetivos gerais deste trabalho foram: i) estudar, em um curso temporal (24h, 1, 2 e 4 semanas), as alterações na expressão dos receptores AMPA no hipocampo de ratos induzidas pela injeção local de NMDA e ii) estudar o efeito neuroprotetor da Pwx 10 neste modelo. Foram utilizados ratos Wistar machos, submetidos à cirurgia estereotáxica para a microinjeção de salina ou NMDA no hipocampo dorsal. Alguns grupos de animais foram tratados com Pwx 10 a partir de 1h ou 24h após NMDA. O teste comportamental no labirinto aquático de Morris (LAM) e a coloração de Nissl foram realizados para verificar a extensão e eficácia da lesão por NMDA e o efeito neuroprotetor da Pwx 10. A expressão dos receptores foi estudada através do método de imunoistoquímica. Foram também realizados experimentos de imunofluorescência para GFAP e NeuN para avaliação da gliose e presença de neurônios na área lesada. Foi observado comprometimento das funções de aprendizado e memória no LAM, além de intensa perda de células neuronais e proliferação glial na região do CA1 que recebeu o NMDA, comprovando a eficiência da lesão pelo agonista. Observamos um curso temporal de diferentes alterações na expressão das subunidades GluR1 e GluR2 dos receptors AMPA no hipocampo, que podem ser relacionadas ao complexo mecanismo que ocorre em resposta à microinjeção de NMDA resultando em uma lesão local e na ativação da plasticidade neuronal. O tratamento com Pwx 10 apresentou efeito neuroprotetor, sendo este mais pronunciado quando a toxina foi administrada a partir de 1h após o agonista. / It has been shown the involvement of glutamate, through different receptors, on the excitotoxic mechanisms which result on the neuronal death reported in most neurodegenerative disorders of the CNS. In addition, Parawixina 10 (Pwx 10) has been demonstrated to act as neuroprotective in models of injury regulating the glutamatergic neurotransmission through glutamate transporters. The aims of this work were: i) to study, in a time course (24h, 1, 2 and 4 weeks), the changes on the expression of AMPA receptors in rat hippocampus induced by NMDA intrahippocampal injection, and ii) to study the neuroprotective effect of Pwx 10 in this moldel. Male Wistar rats has been used, submitted to stereotaxic surgery for saline or NMDA microinjection into dorsal hippocampus. Some groups of animals were treated with Pwx 10 from 1h or 24h after NMDA. The behavioral test on Morris water maze (MWM) and the Nissl staining were performed for evaluating the extension and efficacy of the NMDA injury and the neuroprotective effect of the Pwx 10 . The expression of the receptors was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The expression of GFAP and NeuN on the lesioned area has also been investigated by immunofluorescency. It was observed the impaiment of learning and memory functions in the MWM, and intense loss of neuronal cells and glial proliferation in CA1 that received the NMDA, confirming the efficiency of the injury by the agonist. We observed a time course of distinct changes on the expression of GluR1 and GluR2 subunits of AMPA receptors in hippocampus, which may be related to the complex mechanism triggered in response to NMDA injection resulting in a local injury and on the activation of neuronal plasticity. The treatment with Pwx 10 showed neuroprotective effect, being most pronounced when the toxin was administrated from 1h after NMDA.
3

AMPA receptor stabilization mediated by non-canonical Wnt signaling protects against Aβ42 oligomers synaptotoxicity / La stabilisation des récepteurs AMPA médiée par une signalisation Wnt non canonique protège de la synaptotoxicité des oligomères Aβ42

Montecinos, Carla 22 November 2018 (has links)
Les récepteurs AMPAR sont les principaux responsables de la transmission excitatrice rapide dans le système nerveux central, y compris dans les neurones d’hippocampe étudiés ici. Ils sont très dynamiques dans la membrane. Au sein des épines dendritiques, ils peuvent se déplacer par traffic membranaire entre les compartiments intracellulaires et la membrane plasmique. Une fois à la surface, ils se déplacent par diffusion latérale et peuvent s'ancrer réversiblement avec des protéines de la densité postsynaptique ou retourner dans des compartiments endocytaires. Les oligomères Aß augmentent l'endocytose des récepteurs AMPAR, diminuent la densité des épines dendritique et provoquent des défaillances globales dans la transmission synaptique excitatrice. Ces effets, sont englobés dans le terme "synaptotoxicité des oligomères Aß" et sont un domaine principal d'étude de l'étiologie de la maladie d'Alzheimer. Wnt5a un ligand Wnt endogène connu pour activer la voie non-canonique dans les neurones d'hippocampe, génère une augmentation des courants excitateurs et des aggrégats de PSD95 et protége les neurones contre la synaptotoxicité des oligomères Aβ. Compte tenu du fait que Wnt5a semble contrecarrer les effets nocifs causés par les oligomères Aß, nous avons procédé à l'étude du mécanisme par lequel Wnt5a protège de la synaptotoxicité des oligomères Aβ. Cela nous a conduit à évaluer l'effet de Wnt5a sur l'un des facteurs dans la transmission glutamatergique, la dynamique des récepteurs AMPAR. En utilisant la microscopie à super-résolution dans les neurones d'hippocampe vivants et fixés, nous avons trouvé que Wnt5a module la dynamique et la localisation des récepteurs AMPAR. Plus précisément, Wnt5a stabilise les récepteurs AMPAR dans les sites synaptiques et extrasynaptiques. Ceci est corrélé avec une augmentation de la co-localisation et de l'interaction entre GluA2 et PSD95. Ces effets ne sont exercés que par l'activation non-canonique de la signalisation Wnt, à travers le ligand Wnt5a et non par les effets canoniques de Wnt7a. De manière intéressante, la pré-incubation de Wnt5a prévient la toxicité des oligomères Aß et maintient la dynamique basale des récepteurs AMPAR. Nos données suggèrent que Wnt5a empêche les effets des oligomères Aβ en favorisant leur stabilisation dans les sites synaptiques. / AMPARs (AMPARs) are responsible for most fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system, including hippocampal neurons studied here. AMPARs are highly dynamic in the plasma membrane. Within dendritic spines, they move by membrane trafficking between intracellular compartments and the plasma membrane. Once at the surface, they move through lateral brownian diffusion and can reversibly anchor to postsynaptic density proteins or return to endocytic compartments. Aβ oligomers increase endocytosis of AMPARs, diminish dendritic spine density and cause overall failures in excitatory transmission. These effects, among others, are englobed in the term “Aβ oligomers synaptotoxicity” and are a main focus on the study of Alzheimers disease ethiology. On the contrary, Wnt5a - an endogenous Wnt ligand known to activate the non-canonical pathway in hippocampal neurons - generates an increase in excitatory currents and in clusters of PSD95 and protects neurons against Aβ oligomers synaptotoxicity. Given the fact that Wnt5a seems to counteract the distresses caused by Aβ oligomers, we proceeded to study the mechanism through which Wnt5a protects from Aβ oligomers synaptotoxicity. This led us to evaluate the effect of Wnt5a on one of the important factors in glutamatergic transmission, i.e. AMPAR receptor dynamics. By using super-resolution microscopy in live and fixed hippocampal neurons, we found that Wnt5a modulates the dynamic and localization of AMPARs. Specifically, Wnt5a stabilizes AMPARs in synaptic and extrasynaptic sites. This correlates with an increase in co-localization and interaction between GluA2 and PSD95. These effects are exerted only by non-canonical activation of Wnt signaling, through Wnt5a ligand and not by the canonical effects of Wnt7a. Interestingly, pre-incubation of Wnt5a prevents toxicity of Aβ oligomers and maintains basal AMPARs dynamics. Our data suggest that Wnt5a prevents Aβ oligomers effects by promoting their stabilization in synaptic sites. / Los receptores AMPA (AMPARs) son los principales responsables de la respuesta excitatoria rápida en el sistema nervioso central, incluyendo neuronas hipocampales, estudiadas en esta tesis. A diferencia de otros receptores glutamatérgicos, los AMPARs son altamente dinámicos. Dentro de las espinas dendríticas, se pueden mover hacia y desde compartimentos endocíticos y hacia la membrana plasmática. Una vez en la superficie, a través de difusión lateral, se pueden anclar a proteínas de la densidad postsináptica o regresar a compartimentos endocíticos. Por otro lado, los oligómeros Aβ (oAβ) aumentan la endocitosis de AMPARs, disminuyen la densidad de espinas dendríticas y causan una falla generalizada de la transmisión sináptica excitatoria. Estos efectos, entre otros, se engloban en el término “sinaptotoxicidad por oAβ” y es uno de los principales puntos de estudio en la etiología de la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Al contrario, Wnt5a un ligando endógeno conocido por activar la vía no canónica en neuronas hipocampales, genera un aumento en corrientes excitatorias y en los clusters de PSD95 y protege a las neuronas contra la sinaptotoxicidad causada por oAβ. Debido a esto, procedimos a estudiar el mecanismo por el cual Wnt5a protege de la sinaptotoxicidad causada por Aβ. Esto nos llevó a evaluar los efectos de Wnt5a en uno de los principales factores en la transmisión glutamatérgica, la dinámica de los AMPARs. Con el uso de microscopía de super-resolución en neuronas hipocampales vivas, encontramos que Wnt5a modula la dinámica y localización de los AMPARs. Específicamente, Wnt5a estabiliza los AMPARs en espinas y dendritas. Lo cual se correlaciona con un aumento en la co-localización e interacción entre GluA2 y PSD95. Estos efectos son causados únicamente por la activación no-canónica de la vía Wnt, a través del ligando Wnt5a y no por los efectos canónicos de Wnt7a. De manera interesante, la pre-incubación de Wnt5a previene la toxicicidad de los oligómeros Aβ y mantiene la dinámica basal de los AMPARs. Esta data sugiere que Wnt5a promueve la estabilización de AMPARs, previniendo los efectos synaptotóxicos de los oAβ .

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