Understanding the nature of streamflow response to precipitation inputs is at the core of applied hydrological applications such as flood forecasting and water resource management. Indices such as the runoff ratio, recession constant and response time of a watershed retain an important place in hydrology decades after their establishment as metrics to compare watersheds and understand the impact of human activity, geology, geomorphology, soils and climate on precipitation-runoff relations. Extracting characteristics of the hyetograph-hydrograph relationship is often done manually, resulting in subjective and inconsistent results that require considerable time. In addition, there are a large number of metrics proposed to analyze the hyetograph-hydrograph relationship and hydrograph shape that are typically subjective in application. The objective of this research is to develop an automated and flexible toolkit for rainfall-runoff analysis. Using the MATLAB language, a series of inter-related functions are created to extract rainfall-runoff events from time-series of rainfall and streamflow data and compute commonly used characteristics of the hyetograph-hydrograph relationship. Furthermore, a number of input parameters are introduced to add flexibility to the toolkit. This toolkit has been applied successfully to four watersheds in Canada and Scotland. A subsequent analysis was performed assessing the sensitivity of parameter selection on the toolkit performance, and a number of suggestions for users provided. It is anticipated that this toolkit will provide hydrologists with a rapid objective method of analyzing rainfall and runoff data where in the past manual procedures resulted in considerable subjectivity in results. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

America has a long history of making promises it can't keep, the most accessible buzz word for such promises being, "the American Dream", where everyone will enjoy some level of affluence and assimilate into the proverbial "melting pot" so long as they work hard and follow predetermined rules set by the power structure. In this model American lifestyle, the spiritual essence of humans is buried by the materialistic drive of capitalism, which drives us farther apart and alienates us from our neighbors. Yet in the mid 2000s, in the aftermath of some of the country's worst disasters, this power structure began to crumble. As with any transition, those with stake in the power structure suffered, which was virtually everyone in America at the time. Yet regardless of what they suffered, they found themselves still alive, still breathing. This proved something existed beyond the American dream, something more spiritual and intangible. The aim of these stories is to explore the lives of those left in the wake of the initial post9/11 economic collapse of Brevard County. Dubbed the "Space Coast," it stood as a pinnacle for the lofty promises of the American dream and a staple of its subsequent collapse. The following stories render this time and place, populated not only by those who lost something during the economic failure, but the young people who'd been promised a bright future and watched it ebb away before their eyes.

With the introduction of welfare reform in 1996 – the culmination of Bill Clinton's campaign promise to 'end welfare as we know it' – means-tested cash assistance became conditional upon participation in the labor market. The current welfare program Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) is dependent on recipients being able to find work, typically in the low-wage service sector. In addition, this reform handed the states considerable autonomy in TANF's implementation and administration. The literature, citing increased caseworker discretion and state-level policies, has also shown substantial evidence of favorable treatment toward white recipients (e.g. less sanctioning) compared with that of blacks and Hispanics. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-1997 cohort, this study examines the impact of TANF before and during the Great Recession of 2008 by comparing socioeconomic outcomes among TANF recipients and similarly situated 'non-entrants' with an added focus on racial disparities in these outcome measures. Also, the role of state-level policy context is explored by assessing employment, income, and healthcare coverage outcomes among white, black, and Hispanic recipients living in states whose TANF policies are comparatively strict. Main findings include a significantly negative relationship between TANF participation and socioeconomic outcomes when controlling for relevant factors. No evidence was found, however, linking state TANF policy strictness with decreased socioeconomic outcomes among program participants. / Ph. D.

Orientador: Mauro Pedrine Santamaria / Resumo: Estudos clínicos avaliaram diferentes opções de tratamento cirúrgico-restaurador para tratar recessões unitárias associadas à LCNC. No entanto, apesar de serem um achado comum, evidências insuficientes estão disponíveis na literatura a respeito do tratamento de recessões múltiplas associadas à LCNC e o protocolo clínico ideal para o tratamento deste tipo de lesões ainda não foi estabelecido. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar dois protocolos multidisciplinares distintos por meio de um estudo clínico controlado e randomizado. Para tal, foram tratados 40 pacientes portadores de recessões múltiplas associadas à LCNC, os quais foram alocados aleatoriamente em um dos seguintes grupos: grupo teste (n=20), restauração parcial da lesão cervical e retalho posicionado coronariamente modificado associado ao enxerto de matriz dérmica acelular de origem suína (MCAF+PR+XDM) e grupo controle (n=20), restauração parcial da lesão cervical e retalho posicionado coronariamente modificado associado ao enxerto de tecido conjuntivo subepitelial (MCAF+PR+CTG). Após 6 meses, as taxas de recobrimento radicular foram 71,2% (2.5±1.1mm) para MCAF+PR+CTG e 59,7% (2±1.3mm) para MCAF+PR+XDM (p=0,1). MCAF+PR+CTG apresentou maior ganho de tecido queratinizado (p<0,05). MCAF+PR+XDM resultaram em menor dor pós-operatória e menor tempo de cirurgia (p=0,001). Ambos os grupos resultaram em melhorias na estética, sem diferença entre os grupos (p>0,05). Por conseguinte, dentro das limitações do... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Clinical studies assessed different surgical-restorative treatment options to lead to single recessions associated with NCCL. However, although they are a common finding, insufficient evidence is available in the literature concerning about the treatment of multiple adjacent gingival recessions associated with non-carious cervical lesions and the optimal clinical protocol for the treatment of these lesions has not been established. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare two different multidisciplinary protocols by means of a randomized controlled clinical trial. For such purpose, forty patients with multiple adjacent gingival recessions associated with NCCL were enrolled and randomly allocated to one of the following groups: test group (n=20), partial restoration of cervical lesion and modified coronally advanced flap for root coverage associated with porcine acellular dermal matrix (MCAF+PR+XDM) and control group (n=20), partial restoration of cervical lesion and modified coronally advanced flap associated with connective tissue graft (MCAF+PR+CTG). After 6 months, CD coverage rates were 71,2% (2.5±1.1mm) for MCAF+PR+CTG and 59,7% (2±1.3mm) for MCAF+PR+XDM (p=0,1). MCAF+PR+CTG resulted in greater gain of keratinized tissue (p<0,05). MCAF+PR+XDM resulted in lower postoperative pain and shorter surgical time (p=0,001). Within the limitations of the present study, both groups resulted in esthetic improvements (p>0,05). MCAF +PR + CTG and MCAF+PR+XDM were effective to treat ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

La ortodoncia osteogénica periodontalmente acelerada es un procedimiento indicado para minimizar el tiempo de tratamiento ortodóncico brindando una alternativa de tratamiento a pacientes periodontalmente comprometidos, con presencia de reabsorciones radiculares, periodonto reducido, entre otros. Los problemas periodontales no diagnosticados pueden ser agravados durante el tratamiento ortodóncico y dependiendo de su severidad, pueden requerir un tratamiento previo. El objetivo de este reporte es presentar el caso de una paciente con maloclusión Clase I con apiñamiento y recesión gingival, tratada con injerto conectivo de tejido libre, corticotomía con injerto óseo y técnica de arco recto prescripción CCO. Finalmente, se puede concluir que el manejo interdisciplinario es importante para el correcto diagnóstico y tratamiento de los pacientes. La ortodoncia osteogénica periodontalmente acelerada es una alternativa viable que reduce el tiempo de tratamiento ortodóncico y mantiene o mejorá la condición periodontal de los pacientes. / Periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics is a procedure indicated to reduce the time of orthodontic treatment by giving an alternative treatment to periodontally compromised patients, with presence of root resorption, reduced periodontium, among others. Undiagnosed periodontal problems can be aggravated during orthodontic treatment and, depending on their severity, may require prior treatment. The objective of this report is to present the case of a patient with Class I malocclusion with crowding and gingival recession, treated with free tissue connective graft, corticotomy with bone graft and CCO Straighwire prescription technique. Finally, it can be concluded that interdisciplinary management is important for the correct diagnosis and treatment of patients. Periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics is a viable alternative that reduces the time of orthodontic treatment and maintains or improves the periodontal condition of patients. / Trabajo académico

Objetivo: Próteses subgengivais aumentam a incidência de inflamação gengival, principalmente em periodontos delgados, culminando com o desenvolvimento de retrações gengivais em dentes e implantes. A proposta deste trabalho foi avaliar se o aumento da espessura gengival pode prevenir a formação de retrações gengivais. Materiais e Métodos: Modelo de boca dividida foi utilizado em 8 cães, retalho dividido foi realizado para inserir a matriz colágena suína (MCS) para aumento da espessura gengival e após três meses, próteses subgengivais foram instaladas para gerar inflamação gengival e depois de três meses os animais foram sacrificados. Os grupos: Grupo 1 (G1): MCS adaptada na região de Pré-molar 2 (P2), Pré-molar 3 (P3) e Pré-molar 4 (P4), com próteses subgengivais; Grupo 2 (G2): sem MCS na região de P2, P3 e P4, com próteses subgengivais; Grupo 3 (G3): controle do grupo 1, MCS adaptada na região de Pré-molar 1 (P1), sem próteses e Grupo 4 (G4): controle do grupo 2, sem MCS na região de P1 e sem próteses. Foram realizadas medidas clínicas de espessura e altura do tecido gengival queratinizado, profundidade de sondagem e nível clínico de inserção em três tempos (antes do aumento gengival, antes da instalação das próteses e após o sacrifício). Análise imunohistoquímica foi realizada para detectar a presença de células de defesa e padrão de queratinização gengival. Análise histomorfométrica foi realizada para quantificar as diferenças dos tecidos duros e moles entre os diferentes grupos de tratamento. Resultados: Durante os períodos de avaliação não houve variação na altura do tecido queratinizado entre os grupos, no entanto, G1 e G2 apresentaram maior espessura gengival quando comparados a G3 e G4. A profundidade de sondagem foi superior em G3 e G4 quando comparada a G1 e G2. Houve perda de inserção clínica somente em G1 e G2. As análises histomorfométricas para tecido mole e duro confirmaram os resultados clínicos. A análise imunohistoquímica não encontrou diferenças na contagem das células de defesa. Conclusão: A MCS foi capaz de aumentar a espessura gengival e prevenir a ocorrência de retrações gengivais em dentes que receberam próteses subgengivais em modelo experimental canino. / Aim: Subgingival prosthesis increases the gingival inflammation incidence, especially in thin gingival biotype, leading to the development of gingival recessions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the increase in gingival thickness can prevent the formation of gingival recession. Materials and Methods: Eight dogs received porcine collagen matrix to increase gingival thickness, which was then followed by subgingival prosthesis placement in order to generate gingival inflammation. Group 1: gingival thickness increase from second to fourth premolars, using subgingival prostheses; Group 2: subgingival prosthesis placement from second to fourth molars; Group 3: gingival thickness increase in the first premolar, no prostheses; Group 4: control. Clinical measurements of gingival thickness and height, clinical probing depth and clinical attachment levels were performed. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed to detect defense cells, keratinization patterns and differences between soft and mineralized tissues. Results: There was no variation in keratinized tissue height. Thicker gingiva was encountered in Groups 1 and 2, which developed gingival recession, which did not occur in Groups 3 and 4. Probing depth was more pronounced in Groups 3 and 4. Histomorphometric analysis for soft and mineralized tissues confirmed clinical findings. Immunohistochemical analysis did not show differences in defense cell counting. Conclusion: The increase in gingival thickness may minimize gingival recessions when associated with subgingival prosthesis.

Thesis advisor: Robert Murphy / A study of recent inflation dynamics in the G-7, this paper discusses a problem with the Phillips curve which arose during the Great Recession (2008-2011). We find that work with time-varying slope, expectation anchoring, and core inflation can correct for the under-predictions that develop in the Phillips Curve during the recession, improving its accuracy throughout the G-7. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2012. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Economics Honors Program. / Discipline: Economics.

Thesis advisor: Juliet Schor / The relationship between learning and labor has long been a topic of concern for sociologists of education. In this dissertation, I conduct an ethnography of open learning in the United States following the 2008 economic crisis and argue that a new style of learning is emerging amidst changes in the labor market. I call that new style of learning the pedagogy of precarity and emphasize that it challenges credentialism (Collins, 1979), or how U.S. society confers status, jobs, and life chances according to one’s accumulation of academic qualifications. This study is the first sociological ethnography of open learning conducted from the vantage point of learners (Ito et al, 2009) and offers a perspective of how mostly digitally mediated learning practices are utilized within the growing precarity of the new economy. In this dissertation, I show how a sample of open learners sought a different way to connect their learning to their labor when neither felt valuable after the 2008 crisis and subsequent recession. Engaging literatures in the sociology of education, economic sociology, and cultural sociology, this dissertation expands upon the concept of the precariat (Standing, 2011; Gill and Pratt, 2008) in order to explain how “entrepreneurial vagueness” emerges from lived experiences of precariousness. Entrepreneurial vagueness works to buffer subjective status aspirations amidst dwindling objective life chances in the new economy (Bourdieu, 1984a; Sennett, 1998; 2006). In my study, precarity becomes pedagogized (Bernstein, 1996; 2001) and participants “labor to learn” rather than learn to labor. The pedagogy of precarity relies upon autodidactic communalism (Pearce, 1996), a model for learning that puts the burden of self-education on the individual and the community that she can access by successfully adopting a “habitus of trainability” (Bourdieu, 1984a; Bernstein, 1996; 2001). This burden is hard work, but is also described as enjoyable and life giving. The pedagogy of precarity instilled quasi-dignity as participants learned to embody the habitus of trainability. The habitus of trainability entailed developing a taste for usefulness, a taste for craftsmanship, and a taste for association. However, these tastes are not separate from a taste for risk (Neff, 2012; McMillan Cottom, 2017), and thus the pedagogy of precarity lacks sustainability. The findings are relevant to other studies of institutional challenge through peer-to-peer connection as well as work regarding the future of higher education in the new economy. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2017. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Sociology.

During the period 2007-2015 the United Kingdom experienced economic crisis, troubles and insecurity in the labour market, radical welfare reforms, service cuts, declining real income levels and a diminished standard of living for many. Research has consistently shown that the most vulnerable groups in society, such as lone mothers, have been disproportionately adversely affected by these changes. Given that someday there will be another recession, or some other serious socio-economic transformations, there is the need to think seriously about how policy makers might offer meaningful protection and resilience to those who will be affected. One policy maker, for example, has recently commented that: “in this period of austerity, we need to support families, and use the power of their relationships and the networks they create to help strengthen people’s capacity for resilience” (Jon Cruddas, March 2014). However, until now, this rhetoric seems to be operating only at the level of political ideals. There is a distinct lack of both theoretical and empirical substance. This thesis offers a redress. It offers a theoretical framework, grounded in an analysis of social networks, for understanding people’s resilience in face of adverse circumstances. It then applies this framework in an empirical investigation into the social support networks of lone mothers, and examines the role that these networks play in times of recession and austerity. The evidence shows that lone mothers vary in their capacity to cope with and adapt to wider socio-economic change. The findings suggest that this variability is linked to the capacity of the lone mother to create, sustain and mobilise a social support network. Those individuals with strong support networks of family and friends are more likely to be able to obtain resources necessary for daily family life and are more resilient in face of the uncertainties associated with new social environments. Given this, the thesis suggests that one way in which social policy might strengthen the resilience of people and families vulnerable to economic crises is through facilitating their support networks, and proposes ways in which this might be done.

Objetivo: Próteses subgengivais aumentam a incidência de inflamação gengival, principalmente em periodontos delgados, culminando com o desenvolvimento de retrações gengivais em dentes e implantes. A proposta deste trabalho foi avaliar se o aumento da espessura gengival pode prevenir a formação de retrações gengivais. Materiais e Métodos: Modelo de boca dividida foi utilizado em 8 cães, retalho dividido foi realizado para inserir a matriz colágena suína (MCS) para aumento da espessura gengival e após três meses, próteses subgengivais foram instaladas para gerar inflamação gengival e depois de três meses os animais foram sacrificados. Os grupos: Grupo 1 (G1): MCS adaptada na região de Pré-molar 2 (P2), Pré-molar 3 (P3) e Pré-molar 4 (P4), com próteses subgengivais; Grupo 2 (G2): sem MCS na região de P2, P3 e P4, com próteses subgengivais; Grupo 3 (G3): controle do grupo 1, MCS adaptada na região de Pré-molar 1 (P1), sem próteses e Grupo 4 (G4): controle do grupo 2, sem MCS na região de P1 e sem próteses. Foram realizadas medidas clínicas de espessura e altura do tecido gengival queratinizado, profundidade de sondagem e nível clínico de inserção em três tempos (antes do aumento gengival, antes da instalação das próteses e após o sacrifício). Análise imunohistoquímica foi realizada para detectar a presença de células de defesa e padrão de queratinização gengival. Análise histomorfométrica foi realizada para quantificar as diferenças dos tecidos duros e moles entre os diferentes grupos de tratamento. Resultados: Durante os períodos de avaliação não houve variação na altura do tecido queratinizado entre os grupos, no entanto, G1 e G2 apresentaram maior espessura gengival quando comparados a G3 e G4. A profundidade de sondagem foi superior em G3 e G4 quando comparada a G1 e G2. Houve perda de inserção clínica somente em G1 e G2. As análises histomorfométricas para tecido mole e duro confirmaram os resultados clínicos. A análise imunohistoquímica não encontrou diferenças na contagem das células de defesa. Conclusão: A MCS foi capaz de aumentar a espessura gengival e prevenir a ocorrência de retrações gengivais em dentes que receberam próteses subgengivais em modelo experimental canino. / Aim: Subgingival prosthesis increases the gingival inflammation incidence, especially in thin gingival biotype, leading to the development of gingival recessions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the increase in gingival thickness can prevent the formation of gingival recession. Materials and Methods: Eight dogs received porcine collagen matrix to increase gingival thickness, which was then followed by subgingival prosthesis placement in order to generate gingival inflammation. Group 1: gingival thickness increase from second to fourth premolars, using subgingival prostheses; Group 2: subgingival prosthesis placement from second to fourth molars; Group 3: gingival thickness increase in the first premolar, no prostheses; Group 4: control. Clinical measurements of gingival thickness and height, clinical probing depth and clinical attachment levels were performed. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed to detect defense cells, keratinization patterns and differences between soft and mineralized tissues. Results: There was no variation in keratinized tissue height. Thicker gingiva was encountered in Groups 1 and 2, which developed gingival recession, which did not occur in Groups 3 and 4. Probing depth was more pronounced in Groups 3 and 4. Histomorphometric analysis for soft and mineralized tissues confirmed clinical findings. Immunohistochemical analysis did not show differences in defense cell counting. Conclusion: The increase in gingival thickness may minimize gingival recessions when associated with subgingival prosthesis.