Os números naturais parciais são informações parciais sobre números naturais e w. As propriedades matemáticas do domínio de números naturais parciais e de funções que envolvem este domínio são estudadas via o use da teoria dos domínios de Scott. A manipulação formal de naturais parciais é estudada mediante a utilização de um calculo-ג tipado com constantes. Relações com a teoria da recursão são estudadas. É mostrado como funções continuas entre naturais parciais podem representar processos interativos, possivelmente perpétuos. / Partial natural numbers are informations about natural numbers and w. Mathematical properties of the domain of partial natural numbers and functions involving this domain are investigated with the aid of Scott domain theory. A typed ג-calculus is introduced for investigating formal manipulation of partial natural numbers. Relations with recursion theory are investigated. It is shown how continuous functions on natural numbers can represent (possibly perpetual) interactive processes.

[pt] Esta tese investiga o modo como a criança, no início da aquisição do português como língua materna, identifica a presença de estruturas recursivas no sintagma complementizador. Assume-se que a criança identifica a informação gramatical com base nas interfaces entre a língua interna que se desenvolve na criança, e os sistemas envolvidos no desempenho linguístico. Recursividade é a propriedade do sistema linguístico que possibilita a geração de um número infinito de objetos sintáticos complexos a partir de um número finito de itens lexicais, por meio de um número finito e restrito de operações. Em línguas, tais como o português, pode haver recursividade no nó mais alto da hierarquia sintática (C - complementizador), o que possibilita a geração de orações completivas (OCs). OCs satisfazem os requisitos de verbos que subcategorizam um CP, ocupam a posição de complemento do verbo e podem ser introduzidas por um complementizador. O aporte teórico desta tese é uma teoria da aquisição da linguagem fundada na hipótese do bootstrapping fonológico (MORGAN e DEMUTH, 1996; CHRISTOPHE et al, 1997) aliada à concepção de língua apresentada no Programa Minimalista (PM) da Linguística Gerativista (CHOMSKY, 1995, 1999, 2005; HAUSER, CHOMSKY e FITCH, 2002), tal como é proposta nos termos do modelo procedimental de aquisição da linguagem em Corrêa (2009a; 2009b; 2011). São reportados dois grupos de experimentos, cada um centrado em um tipo de informação que pode servir de pista para a criança identificar a presença de estruturas recursivas, quais sejam: a forma fônica dos complementizadores e a estrutura da OC, respectivamente. Os resultados indicam que, embora não haja evidência conclusiva de que a criança seja sensível à presença do complementizador por suas propriedades fônicas, aos 12 meses, crianças parecem ser sensíveis à estrutura da completiva, o que sugere que reconhecem a possibilidade de C como nó recursivo. Ao reconhecer a estrutura da completiva, a criança vai além da interface fônica e pode dar início ao processamento de relações de subcategorização. / [en] This thesis investigates how children acquiring Brazilian Portuguese (BP) identify recursive structures in the complementizer phrase. It is assumed that children identify grammatical information based on the interfaces between the internal language and the systems related to linguistic performance. Recursion is a property of the language system which allows humans to build an infinite set of complex syntactic objects from a finite set of lexical items and syntactic operations. BP allows recursion in the highest node of the hierarchical structure (C - complementizer), building completive clauses. Structurally, completive clauses occupy the position of the complement of a verb and are introduced by a complementizer. The theoretical framework of this thesis is a procedural theory of language acquisition that reconciles the phonological bootstrapping hypothesis (MORGAN AND DEMUTH, 1996; CHRISTOPHE et al, 1997) and minimalist assumptions (CHOMSKY, 1995, 1999, 2005; HAUSER, CHOMSKY AND FITCH, 2002), as in Corrêa (2009a; 2009b; 2011). Two groups of experiments are reported, which focus on possible cues to the identification of a recursive structure, namely: the phonic form of complementizer and the structure of the completive clause. The results indicate that, although there is no conclusive evidence that children are sensitive to the presence of the complementizer due to its phonic properties, children, at 12 months, are sensitive to the structure of the completive clause, thereby suggesting that they go beyond the phonetic interface and start to be able to process subcategorization relations.

Digital communication systems which use Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) are now widely used and have many advantages. The main disadvantage is the requirement for highly linear analogue electronics including the high power amplifier (HPA). This requirement cannot be met in all circumstances because of the occurrence of symbols with high peak to average power ratio (PAPR). Such symbols may be non-linearly distorted by limiting. Approaches to solve this problem have been either to reduce the PAPR at the transmitter or to try to mitigate the effect of the non-linearity at the receiver. Soft-limiting, i.e. applying limiting in software prior to the HPA is a simple way to reduce the PAPR. It produces non-linear distortion which will cause an increase in the bit-error-rate (BER) at the receiver. This thesis surveys existing alternatives ways of reducing the effect of non-linearity and proposes some new ones. Two iterative receiver techniques, based on statistical analysis of the nature of the non-linearity, have been implemented and investigated. These are the ‘Bussgang Noise Cancellation’ (BNC) technique and the ‘Decision Aided Reconstruction’ (DAR) techniques. As these techniques are valid for any memory-less nonlinearity, an alternative form of limiting, named as Inverted-Wraparound (IWRAP) has been included in the BNC investigation. A new method is proposed which is capable of correcting the received time-domain samples that are clipped, once they have been identified. This is named the ‘Equation-Method’ and it works by identifying constellation symbols that are likely to be correct at the receiver. If there are a sufficient number of these and they are correctly identified, the FFT may be partitioned to produce a set of equations that may be solved for the clipped time-domain samples. The thesis proposes four enhancements to this new method which improve its effectiveness. It is shown that the best form of this method outperforms conventional techniques especially for severe clipping levels. The performance of these four enhancements is evaluated over channels with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) in addition to clipping distortion. A technique based on a ‘margin factor’ is designed to make these methods work more effectively in the presence of AWGN noise. A new combining algorithm referred as ‘HARQ for Clipping’ is presented where soft bit decisions are combined from multiple transmissions. ‘HARQ for Clipping’ has been combined with the best version of the Equation-Method, and the performance of this approach is evaluated in terms of the BER with different levels of AWGN. It has been compared to other approaches from the literature and was found to out-perform the BNC iterative receiver by 3dB at signal to noise ratios around 10dB. Without HARQ, the best version of the Equation-Method performs better than the BNC receiver, at signal-to-nose ratios above about 17dB.

This study is an endeavour to demonstrate the applicability of constructivist epistemology in different contexts. The black family is presented as one of such contexts. The study is further a demonstration of the role of a symptom as part of a recursive process of interaction in the context of a black family. It reflects an orientation rooted in cybernetics, ecology and systems theory. Therapy is presented as a context through which the therapist becomes incorporated and, therefore, adopting and speaking the language of the family's particular form of symptomatic communication in order to engender change. A literature study presenting a conceptual framework is presented. A case study presenting the research data is presented. Transcripts from video-taped sessions with the family are presented in the addendum. The implications of constructivist framework for the field of family therapy in the context of a black family are, therefore, outlined. / Social work / M.A. (Mental Health)

The theoretical and methodological assumptions of this research imply a move away from a positivist empiricist approach with its reliance on the real, the measurable and the predictable towards an interactive and collaborative methodology situated in a constructivist and social epistemology. This thesis comprises a recursive intervention in the researching therapist's life. The author sets out on a voyage of self-research to investigate her "choreography of coexistence" (Maturana & Varela, 1987, p.248), due to curiosity about personal and professional impact. The purpose is to create a map of relational modes that in itself creates shifts: in the therapist. This invention-orientated research creates the context of the researcher and moves through processes: the writing of autobiography, detailed contextual description, the interpreting of feedback, and deconstruction. The contents that pour forth are many different narratives tracking the evolvement of the self in the original family, through further definition in new relationships and the expansion of roles in many professional systems both with clients and colleagues. " Extracts from conversations provide new perspectives and feedback about impact. Thus a continual 'provoking of voices' becomes a thesis theme that highlights the researcher's structure, organisation and interpersonal processes. An emancipatory and developmental process is documented through the researching therapist's positioning as actor, observer and then critic in relationship to the data. Patterns and themes emerge that facilitate both self- differentiation and connectedness and many new head-heart connections. This new knowledge could enable the professional's skilful and intuitive use of self. The self comes into being as it reflects itself, ·so a recursive process evolves where looking at the self operates on the products of its own operations. This is an active process, where the researching therapist constructs an experiential reality. Given the accountability that accrues from constructing such a reality, a focus on pragmatic, aesthetic and ethical criteria is incorporated. This research, like the practice of therapy, is a departure from attempts to demonstrate what is already known to modes of research that are recursive and improvisational. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:30:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leandro Tavares2.pdf: 1287442 bytes, checksum: 7f5aa84748d1a824abe72b2b6940ffe2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-09 / The work analyzes the media in the context of the Internet and outlines new methodologies for the study area in filtering meanings in the scientific realm of information flows from social networks, news media or any other device that allows storage and retrieval of structured information and unstructured. In an attempt to reflect on the ways that these information flows and develop mainly in the volume produced, the project scales the fields of meanings that this relationship appears in the theories and practices of research. The aim of this study is to contextualize the media area within a changing and dynamic reality that is the environment of the internet and make parallel before the applications already successful in other areas. With the method of case study three cases were analyzed under two conceptual keys to Web Sphere Analysis and the Web Science reflecting the opposing information systems in the discursive and structural aspect. This way observes what the Media has earned in order to view its objects of study in the environment of internet networks for these prospects. The research result shows that it is a challenge to the researcher Media seek new learning, but the feedback information in a collaborative environment that the Internet presents is fertile ground for research path, for data modeling wins analytical corpus when the set of tools promoted and driven by technology allows isolating contents and allows deepening the meanings and relationships. / O trabalho desenvolvido analisa a Comunicação Social no contexto da internet e delineia novas metodologias de estudo para a área na filtragem de significados no âmbito científico dos fluxos de informação das redes sociais, mídias de notícias ou qualquer outro dispositivo que permita armazenamento e acesso a informação estruturada e não estruturada. No intento de uma reflexão sobre os caminhos, que estes fluxos de informação se desenvolvem e principalmente no volume produzido, o projeto dimensiona os campos de significados que tal relação se configura nas teorias e práticas de pesquisa. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é contextualizar a área da Comunicação Social dentro de uma realidade mutável e dinâmica que é o ambiente da internet e fazer paralelos perante as aplicações já sucedidas por outras áreas. Com o método de estudo de caso foram analisados três casos sob duas chaves conceituais a Web Sphere Analysis e a Web Science refletindo os sistemas de informação contrapostos no quesito discursivo e estrutural. Assim se busca observar qual ganho a Comunicação Social tem no modo de visualizar seus objetos de estudo no ambiente das internet por essas perspectivas. O resultado da pesquisa mostra que é um desafio para o pesquisador da Comunicação Social buscar novas aprendizagens, mas a retroalimentação de informação no ambiente colaborativo que a internet apresenta é um caminho fértil para pesquisa, pois a modelagem de dados ganha corpus analítico quando o conjunto de ferramentas promovido e impulsionado pela tecnologia permite isolar conteúdos e possibilita aprofundamento dos significados e suas relações.

Os números naturais parciais são informações parciais sobre números naturais e w. As propriedades matemáticas do domínio de números naturais parciais e de funções que envolvem este domínio são estudadas via o use da teoria dos domínios de Scott. A manipulação formal de naturais parciais é estudada mediante a utilização de um calculo-ג tipado com constantes. Relações com a teoria da recursão são estudadas. É mostrado como funções continuas entre naturais parciais podem representar processos interativos, possivelmente perpétuos. / Partial natural numbers are informations about natural numbers and w. Mathematical properties of the domain of partial natural numbers and functions involving this domain are investigated with the aid of Scott domain theory. A typed ג-calculus is introduced for investigating formal manipulation of partial natural numbers. Relations with recursion theory are investigated. It is shown how continuous functions on natural numbers can represent (possibly perpetual) interactive processes.

Os números naturais parciais são informações parciais sobre números naturais e w. As propriedades matemáticas do domínio de números naturais parciais e de funções que envolvem este domínio são estudadas via o use da teoria dos domínios de Scott. A manipulação formal de naturais parciais é estudada mediante a utilização de um calculo-ג tipado com constantes. Relações com a teoria da recursão são estudadas. É mostrado como funções continuas entre naturais parciais podem representar processos interativos, possivelmente perpétuos. / Partial natural numbers are informations about natural numbers and w. Mathematical properties of the domain of partial natural numbers and functions involving this domain are investigated with the aid of Scott domain theory. A typed ג-calculus is introduced for investigating formal manipulation of partial natural numbers. Relations with recursion theory are investigated. It is shown how continuous functions on natural numbers can represent (possibly perpetual) interactive processes.

Cette thèse étudie deux modèles de réalisabilité pour la logique classique construits sur la sémantique des jeux HO, interprétant la logique, l'arithmétique et l'analyse classiques directement par des programmes manipulant un espace de stockage d'ordre supérieur.La non-innocence en jeux HO autorise les références d'ordre supérieur, et le non parenthésage révèle la CPS des jeux HO et fournit une catégorie de continuations dans laquelle interpréter le lambda-mu calcul de Parigot. Deux modèles de réalisabilité sont construits sur cette interprétation calculatoire directe des preuves classiques.Le premier repose sur l'orthogonalité, comme celui de Krivine, mais il est simplement typé et au premier ordre. En l'absence de codage de l'absurdité au second ordre, une mu-variable libre dans les réaliseurs permet l'extraction. Nous définissons un bar-récurseur et prouvons qu'il réalise l'axiome du choix dépendant, utilisant deux conséquences de la structure de CPO du modèle de jeux: toute fonction sur les entiers (même non calculable) existe dans le modèle, et toute fonctionnelle sur des séquences est Scott-continue. La bar-récursion est habituellement utilisée pour réaliser intuitionnistiquement le « double negation shift » et en déduire la traduction négative de l'axiome du choix. Ici, nous réalisons directement l'axiome du choix dans un cadre classique.Le second, très spécifique au modèle de jeux, repose sur des conditions de gain: des ensembles de positions d'un jeu munis de propriétés de cohérence. Un réaliseur est alors une stratégie dont les positions sont toutes gagnantes. / This thesis investigates two realizability models for classical logic built on HO game semantics. The main motivation is to have a direct computational interpretation of classical logic, arithmetic and analysis with programs manipulating a higher-order store.Relaxing the innocence condition in HO games provides higher-order references, and dropping the well-bracketing of strategies reveals the CPS of HO games and gives a category of continuations in which we can interpret Parigot's lambda-mu calculus. This permits a direct computational interpretation of classical proofs from which we build two realizability models.The first model is orthogonality-based, as the one of Krivine. However, it is simply-typed and first-order. This means that we do not use a second-order coding of falsity, and extraction is handled by considering realizers with a free mu-variable. We provide a bar-recursor in this model and prove that it realizes the axiom of dependent choice, relying on two consequences of the CPO structure of the games model: every function on natural numbers (possibly non computable) exists in the model, and every functional on sequences is Scott-continuous. Usually, bar-recursion is used to intuitionistically realize the double negation shift and consequently the negative translation of the axiom of choice. Here, we directly realize the axiom of choice in a classical setting.The second model relies on winning conditions and is very specific to the games model. A winning condition is a set of positions in a game which satisfies some coherence properties, and a realizer of a formula is then a strategy which positions are all winning.

À la fois procédé artistico-littéraire et réflexion intellectuelle, la mise en abyme est une des stratégies de création favorites du romancier Umberto Eco. Certains auteurs ont utilisé cette technique uniquement pour de créer de « simples » jeux de miroirs (comme c’est le cas des Nouveaux Romanciers). Chez Umberto Eco, la mise en abyme est destinée à faire saillir aussi bien l’intelligibilité que la structuration de l’oeuvre. Elle est un principe récursif de la génération de figures et de formes narratives fractales : elle est pour ainsi dire le raisonnement servant comme base dans la création d’un univers romanesque par excellence autoréflexif. Selon une représentation très succincte (mais essentielle), la mise en abyme est ce dispositif narratif consistant à insérer un (ou plusieurs) récit(s) dans le Récit, qui, en reproduisant les caractéristiques de ce dernier va (vont) l’illustrer, l’expliquer et mettre en évidence le/les thème(s) de l’oeuvre. / An artistic and literary procedure and, at the same time, an intellectual reflexion, mise en abyme is one of the favorite strategies of creation of the novelist U. Eco. Certain authors have used this technique just to create "simple" games of mirrors (such as the French writers called "Nouveaux Romanciers"). In the case of Umberto Eco, mise en abyme is destined to emphasize both the intelligibility of his work, as well as its being structured in multiple layers of narrativity. We reckon that this is the recursive principle, serving at the generating of fractal shapes and characters: this is therefore the reasoning laying at the foundation of creating a fictional universe self-reflective par excellence. If we want a very concise (but essential) representation, we will say that the mise en abyme is that device consisting of the insertion of one or many more stories into The Story, which, by reproducing the characteristics of the latter, provides us with an explanation and will shed light on the theme / themes of the work.