Orientador: Antonio Anderson da Silva Segantini / Banca: Adriano Souza / Banca: David de Carvalho / Resumo: A preocupação com o meio ambiente tem estimulado o interesse por pesquisas voltadas para o desenvolvimento sustentável. O presente trabalho objetivou estudar o reaproveitamento de resíduos de cerâmica vermelha (RCV) na composição de concreto, em substituição em massa ao agregado miúdo (areia), visando a sua utilização em estacas do tipo moldadas in loco. Foram confeccionados concretos com substituição de 20%, 40%, 60% e 80% de areia natural (em massa) pelo RCV. Realizaram-se ensaios de compressão simples e de módulo de elasticidade em todos os traços no estado endurecido e, no estado fresco, ensaios de incorporação de ar e de massa específica. Visando avaliar o seu comportamento em condições de campo, frente às ações de trabalho, foram confeccionadas três estacas de concreto com 40% de RCV, as quais foram submetidas à prova de carga por meio de ensaio rápido. Os resultados das provas de carga foram comparados com os de outros ensaios realizados no mesmo local, porém com estacas de concreto convencional. Concluiu-se que o reaproveitamento do RCV melhorou as características físicas e mecânicas do concreto e possibilitou a sua aplicação nas estacas em estudo. / Abstract: Concern for the environment has stimulated interest in research for sustainable development. The present work aimed investigated the reuse of red ceramic waste (RCW) in the concrete composition, replacing in weight to fine aggregate (sand) and proposing his application in cast-in-place piles foundations. Were made compositions with 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of sand by RCW replacement. Compressive strength tests and modulus of elasticity were performed for all compositions of hardened concrete. Testing of air entraining and density were also made in the concrete in its fresh state. In order to evaluate his behavior under field conditions, on work load situation, three foundation piles were made, which were submitted the quick load test. The piles were made with 20.0 cm diameter and 4.50 m length using concrete with 40% replacement. The results obtained were compared with others load test carried at the same place, however with conventional concrete piles. It was concluded that reuse of RCW improved the physical characteristics and mechanics of concrete and its possible application in the piles foundation in study. / Mestre

In accordance with the Paris Agreement and the national goal of climate neutrality by 2045, Sweden needs to lower its greenhouse gas emissions. The second-largest source of CO2 emissions in the country comes from the production of cement, one of the main ingredients of concrete. With concrete being an ideal construction material, and Sweden needing to build more urban housing, Sweden is now in a position where they need to combine a high rate of housing construction with emission cuts to reach the climate goals. Concrete from construction and demolition waste is recyclable and can be used as an aggregate in new concrete and as an input in cement production. This is, however, currently not being done in Sweden and concrete waste is instead used for low-grade purposes such as road construction, landfill infrastructure, and backfilling.  This study, therefore, aims to identify why recycled concrete is not being used to a larger extent in Swedish housing. An interview study has been conducted with actors along the concrete value chain to find out the extent to which housing projects use recycled concrete today, as well as what challenges and possibilities there are for increased use. The results show that recycled concrete within housing projects is currently only used for backfilling. Sweden does not have big enough volumes of high-quality concrete waste for it to be commercially viable to recycle it into recycled aggregate concrete. This recycling process is both costlier and more time-consuming than using conventional methods with raw materials, something Sweden has an abundance and easy access to. There is also a reluctance within the construction industry to use new and unproven methods and materials. Improved on-site sorting of waste materials, leading to higher quality aggregates, and construction standards adapted to the use of recycled materials, are actions to be taken to allow for an increased use of recycled aggregate concrete. All interviewed actors also mentioned the potential of recycled concrete for non-load-bearing walls in housing projects.

Os rejeitos de construção e demolição representam, atualmente, grande volume de material desperdiçado no canteiro de obra e fábricas de pré-moldados de concreto. A necessidade da reciclagem para o desenvolvimento auto-sustentável, de materiais produzidos a partir dos rejeitos de construção, é de grande importância sob o impacto ambiental, além de proporcionar economia aos construtores e produtores de artefatos de cimento. Ensaios de concretos e argamassas, utilizando agregado reciclado, resultam bom desempenho mecânico e são relativamente mais leves quando comparados aos respectivos materiais utilizando agregados naturais. A fabricação de blocos de concreto com função estrutural, produzido com agregados reciclados de fração entre 2,4 mm e 9,5 mm, combinada à fração miúda de agregados naturais, possibilitam a execução de edifícios de pequena altura. A utilização da fração miúda reciclada, na preparação de argamassas de assentamento e revestimento, apresenta comportamento eficiente ao conjunto alvenaria-argamassa. A caracterização dos agregados, o estudo de traço, a análise do desempenho físico e mecânico dos blocos, prismas e paredes de alvenaria estrutural, bem como correlações de eficiência e análise da influência da argamassa de assentamento e de revestimento em relação à resistência de aderência à tração, é uma necessidade para o conhecimento e utilização deste material / The building and demolition rejects represent, nowadays, a great amount of wasted material in buildings and plants of pre-molded of concrete. The necessity of recycling for the self-supporting development of materials produced from the building rejects, is of great importance under the enviromental impact, and besides it provides savings for the builers and producers of concrete goods. Tests with concrete and mortar, utilizing recycled aggregate, show a good mechanical performance and they are lighter when compared to the respective materials using natural aggregate. The fabrication of concrete blocks with structural function, produced with recycled aggregate of fraction between 2,4 mm and 9,5 mm, combined to the small fraction of natural aggregate, make possible the construction of low height buildings. The application of the recycled small fraction, in the preparation of foundation and revetment mortar, shows efficient employed with the set masonry-mortar. The aggregate characterization, the study of the proportion of ingredients for concrete, the analysis of the physical and mechanical performance of the blocks, prisms and walls of structural masonry, as well the correlations of efficiency and analysis of the influence of foundation and revetment mortar, relating to the resistence of adherence to traction, are necessities for the knowledge and utilization of this material

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2017-02-02T00:09:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CONCRETO COM AGREGADO GRAU?DO RECICLADO DE CONCRETO_DOSAGEM E PRODUC?A?O.pdf: 3147518 bytes, checksum: 5fc02389f0e0978e3636005417e03f9e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-02T00:09:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CONCRETO COM AGREGADO GRAU?DO RECICLADO DE CONCRETO_DOSAGEM E PRODUC?A?O.pdf: 3147518 bytes, checksum: 5fc02389f0e0978e3636005417e03f9e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-04 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / A proper mix design and production must be done in order to increase the use of recycled concrete. The type of recycled aggregate (RA) used, the best replacement content, the best sequence and mixing time and the best way to evaluate the workability are some of the features that must be considered. Thus, this work was done to evaluate the mix design and production of concrete with concrete recycled coarse aggregate (RCA), using as a measure of workability the flow test in Graff?s table. Two levels of recycled coarse aggregate (20 and 40%), two levels of flow, for plastic and fluid mixtures, (350 and 400mm), and two mix design methods (IPT/EPUSP and ABCP) were evaluated on the concrete compressive strength, at 7 and 28 days of age. The results pointed out that the IPT/EPUSP mix design method was more suitable for recycled concrete. The flow test in Graff?s table, as a measure of workability, and the two stage mixture approach presented to be more suitable for the mix design and production of recycled concrete. Also, in this study, the concrete RCA content evaluated did not influence the compressive strength of concrete produced. So, it is completely feasible to use up to 40% replacement of NCA by concrete RCA. / Para ampliar o uso de concretos reciclados deve-se estabelecer a sua dosagem e produ??o considerando aspectos relacionados com o tipo de agregado reciclado (AR) utilizado, o melhor teor de AR, a melhor sequ?ncia e tempo de mistura e a melhor forma de avaliar a trabalhabilidade desses concretos. Assim, este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a dosagem e produ??o de concretos com ARs de concreto, usando como medida de trabalhabilidade o ensaio de espalhamento na mesa de Graff. Os teores de aplica??o do agregado gra?do reciclado(AGR) foram 20 e 40%. Foram avaliados dois n?veis de espalhamento (350 e 400mm) e dois m?todos de dosagem (IPT/EPUSP e ABCP). Os concretos foram avaliados ainda quanto a resist?ncia ? compress?o axial, aos 7 e 28 dias, e os resultados obtidos foram tratados estatisticamente atrav?s da an?lise de vari?ncia(ANOVA). Os resultados mostraram que o m?todo de dosagem do IPT/EPUSP apresentou-se mais adequado para a dosagem de concretos reciclados. O ensaio de espalhamento na mesa de Graff, como medida da trabalhabilidade, e o m?todo de mistura em duas etapas apresentaram-se adequados para a dosagem e produ??o de concretos reciclados. Nesse estudo, o teor de AGR avaliado n?o influenciou a resist?ncia ? compress?o dos concretos produzidos, sendo plenamente vi?vel o uso de at? 40% do agregado gra?do reciclado de concreto.

Submitted by Nara Lays Domingues Viana Oliveira (naradv) on 2015-07-17T15:20:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 joanabenetti.pdf: 894915 bytes, checksum: 58e3900b6f8a79d2d5f5de65fd5cf38c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-17T15:20:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 joanabenetti.pdf: 894915 bytes, checksum: 58e3900b6f8a79d2d5f5de65fd5cf38c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-13 / Banco Santander / Banespa / FINEP - Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / O setor da construção civil apresenta um grande potencial de geração de resíduos sólidos, caracterizando-se como um dos maiores geradores deste material no mundo. Por este motivo, é importante adotar um novo modelo de desenvolvimento, que busque, gradativamente, a não geração e a minimização de resíduo, assim como alternativas para o reaproveitamento destes resíduos na própria construção civil, e, assim, atingir um desenvolvimento mais sustentável. Neste contexto, muitos estudos sobre o concreto confeccionado com agregados reciclados de concreto vêm sendo desenvolvidos, tanto em nível nacional como internacional. Entretanto, é possível perceber que a maior parte das pesquisas tem seu foco voltado para a resistência à compressão e à tração, sendo mais escassos aqueles que dão ênfase para o comportamento elástico destes concretos. Frente ao exposto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o módulo de elasticidade dinâmico de concretos produzidos com a utilização de agregado reciclado de concreto. Para tanto, confeccionou-se concretos que foram divididos em dois grupos. Um dos grupos empregou agregados reciclados de duas resistências (18 e 50 MPa), que foram inseridos em um novo concreto de 32 MPa, nos teores de substituição de 25%, 50%, 75% e 100%. O outro grupo empregou dois tipos de resíduos, gerados em maior quantidade por uma indústria de pré-fabricados de concreto. Um deles é o resíduo de concreto plástico, com cura convencional ao ar, e o outro é o resíduo de concreto seco, com cura térmica à vapor de água, sendo que substituiu-se 50% em volume do agregado graúdo natural pelo reciclado, em três novos concretos de distintas resistências. O módulo de elasticidade dinâmico foi calculado conforme especificado na C597 (ASTM, 2009), sendo analisada a influência da umidade do concreto no momento do ensaio, do tipo de resíduo e do teor de substituição de agregado natural pelo reciclado no módulo de elasticidade dinâmico. O tipo de agregado reciclado de concreto influenciou o módulo de elasticidade dinâmico, assim como os diferentes teores de substituição e a umidade do concreto no momento do ensaio. Para os materiais avaliados, o módulo de elasticidade não variou em função da resistência à compressão do concreto que gerou o agregado reciclado de concreto, e verificou-se correlação positiva entre o módulo de elasticidade e a resistência à compressão do concreto. / The construction industry is one of the largest solid waste generator. For this reason, it is important to adopt a new model aiming for thereuse of construction waste and thereby achieve a more sustainable development. In this context, studies on concrete made with recycledaggregate concrete have been developed, focused to determine compressive strength and tensile strength, with little emphasis on the elastic behavior of concrete. This work aims to analyze the dynamic modulus of elasticity of concrete produced with waste concrete as aggregate. To this end, it was made two groups of concrete using two types of waste generated in larger quantities by an industry of prefabricated concrete. The first group was made with a residue of plastic concrete, air-cured, and concrete made with of heat curing. The concrete aggregates were used to replace 50% by volume of natural coarse aggregate. In the second group recycled aggregates was produced in two strengths (18 and 50 MPa), being used to produce a new concrete of 32 MPa. The levels of substitution were 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. The dynamic modulus of elasticity was calculated as specified in C597 (ASTM, 2009). It was analyzed the influence of moisture content and the type of waste recycled aggregate replacement in the natural dynamic modulus of elasticity. The type of recycled aggregate influenced the dynamic modulus of elasticity, as well as different levels of moisture and replacement of concrete at the time of trial. For the materials tested, the modulus of elasticity did not vary as a function of the compressive strength of recycled aggregate concrete, bu there was a positive correlation between the modulus of elasticity and compressive strength of concrete.

Submitted by Fernanda Ciolfi (fernanda.ciolfi@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2016-08-11T14:09:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 OSVALDO PISSOLATO JR.pdf: 2291678 bytes, checksum: e7217ede7cd8cccdee8affcb06011624 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-11T14:09:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 OSVALDO PISSOLATO JR.pdf: 2291678 bytes, checksum: e7217ede7cd8cccdee8affcb06011624 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-06 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de S?o Paulo - FAPESP / The large disposal of construction waste, due to the renovations and demolitions as well as the waste generated by the low quality of labor, makes the construction industry one of the major polluters of the environment. In recent decades, comes to forcing organized gathering of rubble and its recycling through the enforcement of environmental laws, so that the construction industry there have disciplining towards self-manage their disposal. Studies have been intensifying to rethink the reuse of construction waste, through the recycling process, to develop standards for production, evaluation and use of recycled aggregates in order to increase their consumption, making it economically feasible to produce. This research assumes that the fine aggregate derived from the crushing of construction and demolition waste can replace the natural fine aggregate in the production of mortars for coatings. However, the issue that was faced was to what extent it would be possible to replace these materials so that the result in practice was technically and economically feasible, thereby increasing the chance of use of these recycled aggregates. In order to analyze the influence of fine aggregates derived from civil construction waste (CCW), replacing fine aggregate in the production of hydraulic and mixed mortars for wall coverings and ceilings, we used the experimental methodology to verify the influence of fines content of recycled aggregate in the mortar properties in fresh and hardened state. The prepared mortars were also classified according to NBR 13281: 2005 and evaluated for adhesion, cracking and permeability after application on masonry of concrete blocks. Therefore, we chose to study the replacement of natural aggregate by the CCW in rates of 30%, 60% and 100%, in proportions of admixture and mixed hydraulic mortar, whose purpose would be to apply as monolayer coating mortar. As analysis and discussion of the results could be seen that, in tests, both plastic and hardened state, the mortar produced with recycled aggregate, the three mixing ratios in the study had a satisfactory performance in relation to admixture reference. However, the results were not satisfactory in applicability tests, since its performance was below the minimum rate set by the standard. The results, however, suggest referral to further studies in order to continue rethinking the paradigm of industrial production so that it is founded on a model of sustainable development in favor of environmental preservation. / O grande descarte de rejeitos da constru??o civil, em fun??o das reformas e demoli??es como tamb?m do desperd?cio gerado pela baixa qualidade da m?o de obra, faz da ind?stria da constru??o civil uma das grandes poluidoras do meio ambiente. Nas ?ltimas d?cadas, vem-se obrigando o recolhimento organizado dos entulhos e sua reciclagem por meio da imposi??o das leis ambientais, de modo que a constru??o civil, paulatinamente, tem-se disciplinando no sentido de autogerir os seus descartes. Estudos v?m se intensificando com o objetivo de se repensar o reaproveitamento dos res?duos da constru??o civil, por meio do processo de reciclagem, no sentido de desenvolver normas para produ??o, avalia??o e utiliza??o dos agregados reciclados, de modo a aumentar seu consumo, tornando economicamente vi?vel a sua produ??o. Esta pesquisa parte do pressuposto de que o agregado mi?do proveniente da britagem de res?duo de constru??o e demoli??o pode substituir o agregado mi?do de origem natural na produ??o de argamassas para revestimentos. Todavia, a quest?o com a qual se deparava era at? que ponto seria poss?vel fazer a substitui??o destes materiais de modo que o resultado na pr?tica fosse vi?vel t?cnica e economicamente, aumentando assim, a chance de emprego desses agregados reciclados. Com o objetivo de analisar as influ?ncias dos agregados mi?dos oriundos dos res?duos de constru??o civil (RCC), em substitui??o ao agregado mi?do natural na produ??o de argamassas hidr?ulica e mista para revestimentos de paredes e tetos, empregou-se a metodologia experimental para verificar a influencia do teor de finos do agregado reciclado nas propriedades das argamassas no estado fresco e endurecido. As argamassas preparadas tamb?m foram classificadas conforme a NBR 13281:2005 e avaliadas quanto a ader?ncia, fissura??o e permeabilidade ap?s aplica??o em alvenaria de bloco. Para tanto, optou-se por estudar a substitui??o do agregado natural pelo de RCC nas propor??es de 30%, 60% e 100%, em propor??es de mistura de argamassa mista e hidr?ulica, cuja finalidade seria a aplica??o como embo?o paulista. Conforme an?lise e discuss?o dos resultados p?de-se constatar que, nos ensaios, tanto no estado pl?stico quanto no estado endurecido, as argamassas produzidas com reciclado, nos tr?s tra?os em estudo, tiveram um desempenho satisfat?rio, em rela??o ao tra?o refer?ncia. Entretanto, os resultados n?o foram satisfat?rios nos ensaios de aplicabilidade, visto que sua performance ficou abaixo do ?ndice m?nimo estabelecido pela norma. Os resultados, todavia, sugerem encaminhamento para novos estudos no sentido de continuar repensando o paradigma da produ??o industrial para que este seja alicer?ado num modelo de desenvolvimento sustent?vel favor?vel ? preserva??o ambiental.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-06-15T14:11:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BÁRBARA JORDANI_.pdf: 2132585 bytes, checksum: 322ec6d990fc948ff3060abffa46014a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-15T14:11:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BÁRBARA JORDANI_.pdf: 2132585 bytes, checksum: 322ec6d990fc948ff3060abffa46014a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-31 / FAPERGS - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / CNPQ - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Nos últimos anos o setor da construção civil está buscando alternativas para substituir as matérias primas utilizadas no processo de produção do concreto, visando preservar o meio ambiente reduzindo extrações da natureza. Diante disso, surge a reciclagem de materiais, que vem ganhando cada vez mais espaço dentro da atividade da construção civil. Uma das alternativas é a utilização de agregados reciclados de concreto (ARC), que podem ser empregados como substituição ao agregado natural. Outra possibilidade é o uso de pozolanas provenientes de resíduos, e dentre as diferentes opções a cinza de casca de arroz se destaca. A cinza de casca de arroz ainda não é largamente utilizada no ocidente, porém vem sendo explorada, sendo um resíduo do setor agropecuário. Após o processo de queima da casca do arroz, surge a cinza que possui grande concentração de sílica. O uso destas pozolanas contribui para diminuir o consumo de cimento. Além disto, o emprego de agregados reciclados pré-saturados pode atuar como um agente de cura interna de concretos, o que, em caso de concretos com pozolanas, pode ser um aspecto positivo para obter-se uma boa hidratação da pasta aglomerante. Este trabalho propõe investigar o efeito do emprego de agregados graúdos reciclados de resíduo de concreto (AGRC) como agente de cura interna em concretos produzidos com pozolana, frente a aspectos vinculados à durabilidade e ao comportamento mecânico. Avaliou-se a substituição do agregado graúdo natural (AN) por (AGRC) em teor determinado pelo Método de Dosagem para Cura Interna, seco e úmido, associado com a substituição de cimento por cinza de casca de arroz em teor de 20%, em dois ambientes de cura (U.R 60% e 100%). Para o estudo foi utilizado três relações a/agl (0,31; 0,42; e 0,53). Os resultados apontaram um efeito positivo do emprego da CCA em concretos fabricados com AGRC. A substituição de cimento por CCA em média pode aumentar a resistência à compressão. Os concretos fabricados com relação a/agl 0,31, para todos os concretos ensaiados, retornaram resistências na faixa de 35-45 MPa. Também foi possível notar retrações significativas até os 28 dias. Já para cura interna cabe ressaltar que o AGRC empregado saturado não apresenta comportamento de agente de cura interna, principalmente no ambiente crítico de ambiente com umidade relativa na ordem de 60%, considerada baixa. / During the last years, the construction sector has been looking for alternatives to replace the raw materials used for concrete production, in order to reduce environmenal impact. The waste recycling as raw material for civil construction can be one of solutions to this problem. One example of this kind of solution is to use the recycled concrete aggregate, which can be used as alternative for the natural aggregate. Another possibility is to use some waste as pozzolanic material, as the rice husk ash. After the burning of the rice hull, it becomes the ash, which has a large concentration of silica. The use of these pozzolans can contribute to reduce the consumption of cement. Furthermore, the usage of pre-saturated recycled aggregate can act as an internal concrete curing agent, which in the case of concretes with pozzolans can be a good way to obtain a better hydration of the binder paste. This study proposes to investigate the effect of the usage of concrete recycled coarse aggregate (RCCA) as an internal curing agent in concrete produced with pozzolan, in order to evaluate the durability and mechanical behaviour. It was evaluated the replacement of natural coarse aggregate (AN) by RCCA. The content of RCCA is related to the binder consumption and it was employed dry and wet. The cement replacement by rice husk ash was done at 20% and it was used three water to binder (w/t) relationships (0.31, 0.42, and 0.53). The curing process was developed in two cure environments (U.R 60% and 100%).The results indicated that the CCA produces positive effect on concrete made with AGRC. The concrete made with respect to w/b 0.31 for all tested concretes returned resistances in the range of 35-45 MPa. The effect of RCCA as internal curing agent is significant when the concrete is cured in a humid environment only for compressive strength. In dry environment, it does not work as internal curing agent. It was also noted significant retractions up to 28 days. As for domestic demand it is noteworthy that the saturated employee AGRC has no internal curing agent behaviour, especially in the critical environment with relative humidity of around 60%, considered low.

The use of recycled aggregates in concrete opens a whole new range of possibilities in the reuse of materials in the building industry. This could be an important breakthrough for our society in our endeavours towards sustainable development. The trend of the utilisation of recycled aggregates is the solution to the problem of an excess of waste material, not forgetting the parallel trend of improvement of final product quality. The utilisation of waste construction materials has to be related to the application of quality guarantee systems in order to achieve suitable product properties. Therefore the complete understanding of the characteristics of new material becomes so important in order to point out its real possibilities. The studies on the use of recycled aggregates have been going on for 50 years. In fact, none of the results showed that recycled aggregates are unsuitable for structural use. Only having inadequate number of studies in durability aspects, made recycled aggregates to be preferred just as stuffing material for road construction. My thesis, aimed to focus on the possibility of the structural use of recycled aggregate concrete based on a better understanding of its microstructure.To begin with the characteristics of the aggregates were established, to study their possible application in concrete production. After analysis, the dosage procedure was carried out in order to produce four concrete mixtures using different percentages of recycled coarse aggregates (0% (HC), 25% (HR25), 50% (HR50) and 100% (HR100)) with the same compression strength. Raw coarse aggregates (granite) and sand (crushed limestone) were used in the different concrete mixes.Macroscopic and microscopic examination were carried out in HC, HR25, HR50 and HR100 concretes in order to observe the durability effects. The macroscopic examination determined the aggregates distribution, composition, the contaminants and aureoles around adhered mortar. Microscopic examination was carried out by Optical light transmitted microscope Leica Leitz DM-RXP, using Fluorescence Thin Sections, in order to analyse the cement paste, the new and old interfacial transition zones, secondary reactions as well as damage. Original aggregates and cement paste, interfacial transition zones and alkali silica gel produced due to reactive aggregates present in adhered mortar were analysed by SEM and EDX-maps. Beside macro and micro observations, shear failure behaviour of recycled aggregate concretes was studied. Shear failure test was found more appropriate, as concrete properties had more influence in this type of failure behaviour compared to the flexural failure where the reinforcement plays the important role. Sixteen beam specimens were cast and the structural behaviour of these beams was analysed using four different transversal reinforcements for each kind of concrete. An analytical prediction of the experimental results are carried out using a numerical model (Modified Compression Field Theory), using the codes AASHTO LRFD, CSA, Eurocode-2 and expressions proposed in the Spanish code EHE-99.Organic and inorganic compounds were found to be released from waste materials through leaching and dispersed into the soil and surface water. The leaching of these compounds were measured employing different codes, the two Dutch codes (NEN 7341 and 7345) and the European Normative (EN 12457-2).Some recommendations are given as to the aggregates characteristics to be used in concrete mixes, taking into account the European standards for recycled aggregates. Also suggestions are made for the production process of concrete using recycled aggregate. Mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete are studied and they are compared with that of conventional concrete. Based on the durability of the concrete, some suggestions are proposed with respect to possible alkali silica reaction between new cement and original fine aggregates. It is also determined that the effect of the use of recycled aggregate on the beams' shear strength depend on the percentage of coarse aggregate substituted. The applicability of concrete recycled aggregate with respect to its environmental behaviour is demonstrated. In conclusion, some suggestions for future studies are made which would help us in the evolution of our understanding in this field.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:13:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 wada_ph_me_ilha.pdf: 2307367 bytes, checksum: bf5261eeec1759347b37da533e408ffe (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A preocupação com o meio ambiente tem estimulado o interesse por pesquisas voltadas para o desenvolvimento sustentável. O presente trabalho objetivou estudar o reaproveitamento de resíduos de cerâmica vermelha (RCV) na composição de concreto, em substituição em massa ao agregado miúdo (areia), visando a sua utilização em estacas do tipo moldadas in loco. Foram confeccionados concretos com substituição de 20%, 40%, 60% e 80% de areia natural (em massa) pelo RCV. Realizaram-se ensaios de compressão simples e de módulo de elasticidade em todos os traços no estado endurecido e, no estado fresco, ensaios de incorporação de ar e de massa específica. Visando avaliar o seu comportamento em condições de campo, frente às ações de trabalho, foram confeccionadas três estacas de concreto com 40% de RCV, as quais foram submetidas à prova de carga por meio de ensaio rápido. Os resultados das provas de carga foram comparados com os de outros ensaios realizados no mesmo local, porém com estacas de concreto convencional. Concluiu-se que o reaproveitamento do RCV melhorou as características físicas e mecânicas do concreto e possibilitou a sua aplicação nas estacas em estudo. / Concern for the environment has stimulated interest in research for sustainable development. The present work aimed investigated the reuse of red ceramic waste (RCW) in the concrete composition, replacing in weight to fine aggregate (sand) and proposing his application in cast-in-place piles foundations. Were made compositions with 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of sand by RCW replacement. Compressive strength tests and modulus of elasticity were performed for all compositions of hardened concrete. Testing of air entraining and density were also made in the concrete in its fresh state. In order to evaluate his behavior under field conditions, on work load situation, three foundation piles were made, which were submitted the quick load test. The piles were made with 20.0 cm diameter and 4.50 m length using concrete with 40% replacement. The results obtained were compared with others load test carried at the same place, however with conventional concrete piles. It was concluded that reuse of RCW improved the physical characteristics and mechanics of concrete and its possible application in the piles foundation in study.

Urban development demands on construction aggregates are set to rise dramatically over the coming years within the Stockholm region and a significant environmental challenge will be associated with the large flows of construction aggregates and excavated materials in and out of future development projects respectively.   Material banks receive construction and demolition waste (CDW), process this waste and supply recycled aggregates to the construction industry helping to reduce the demand on natural construction minerals.  The transportation of these material flows between the material banks and development areas is predominantly by road in the Stockholm region.  With the transport sector responsible for almost one third of green-house-gas (GHG) emissions in Sweden, there is a motivation for investigating the environmental benefits of minimising transportation distances of construction aggregates.  Quantities of CDW in the form of excavated granular soil and rock from future development locations within a case-study area comprising three municipalities; Botkyrka, Huddinge and Haninge, in the south of Stockholm, have been estimated based on their municipal comprehensive plans up to the year 2030.  This has been done with the assistance of an earthworks estimation tool, the ESAR model, developed by Ecoloop AB.  Distances between existing and planned material banks and future development areas together with the estimated material quantities have been combined to approximate total vehicle-kilometres for the transportation of these materials under a business-as-usual scenario up until 2030.  A comparison has been made to an alternative scenario of strategically located material banks within the case-study area, whereby a methodology has been developed within this study to strategically locate material banks utilising GIS software ArcMap together with land availability map layers for siting material banks previously developed under a separate related study.  In comparison to the business-as-usual scenario, one strategically located material bank within the case-study area reduces total material haulage distances of excavated granular soils and rocks from development areas to the material banks by approximately 42% or 3.67 million vehicle-kilometres, equating to a reduction of 3478 tonnes of CO2e throughout the time horizon of this study.  Another output from the ESAR model is the estimated construction aggregate demand for sub-surface earthworks backfilling activities.  A material flow analysis for the strategically located material bank indicates that the material bank is able to satisfy the sub-surface backfilling construction aggregate demand in the form of recycled aggregates throughout its operation.  Considering the flow of recycled aggregates back to development areas for backfilling earthworks activities, a total combined reduction of 45% or 5.54 million vehicle-kilometres of material haulage distance is achievable, equating to a saving of 5248 tonnes of CO2e.  Reductions in GHG emissions from strategically located material banks are likely to also be significant beyond the boundaries of this study and warrant further research.