Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T16:27:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacaosergiopenna.pdf: 6488148 bytes, checksum: bfd29b858bed8b31335611a27f8dca95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-04-17 / This Dissertation is a reflection upon a personal artistic creation in graving with computer graphics aid. Phenomenology is taken as the intellectual support on reading the knowledge resulting from this research. In Phenomenology, subject and object are interrelated in the sense of exploring potentialities that do come up as the result of the experience lived in ease but committed attitude regarding the research object. On reflecting on the artistic creation process, the idea is to contribute to the understanding of the process of visual art creation. An additional purpose is to inspire artists and art teachers to produce art and think on their own creative processes as well. Giving thought to art practice is also a methodological process in education and this can result in improving self-knowledge, classroom teaching methodology and artistic skills. The method used for this research includes a field diary called atelier diary. There is an overlapping and crossing between poetics and education in this study, which integrates the artist, the researcher and the teacher. It is felt from this experience that when one creates artistically, the process must come from within, so it is free. The artist should be open to the flow. It is important to access one s memories, feelings and other psychological phenomena. After an artistic work is done, then one goes back and gives it deep thinking. That s one when realizes what concepts are implied. The purpose of any artist should be to be true to himself or to herself. That is, to encounter oneself. Besides, the artist communicates with his or her audience through both conscious and unconscious layers of communication. Blending together creation and reflection, practice and theory can fuel in transformations that stir the full development of one s potentialities / A presente dissertação propõe uma reflexão sobre um processo pessoal de criação em gravura com uso de computação gráfica. O conhecimento gerado por esta pesquisa foi construído com base na epistemologia fenomenológica em que sujeito e objeto estão relacionados. Estão relacionados no sentido de explorar as potencialidades criativas oriundas da experiência vivida no contato despojado e compromissado com o objeto da pesquisa. Esse conhecimento contribui para a compreensão do processo criativo em artes visuais na atualidade, com base na reflexão sobre um processo pessoal de criação. Além disso, este estudo pode estimular artistas e professores de arte a vivenciarem e a refletirem sobre seus processos de criação. A reflexão sobre a prática é um instrumento metodológico do processo educacional que pode levar ao autoconhecimento, ao aperfeiçoamento da didática em sala de aula e ao amadurecimento artístico. A metodologia utilizada para a coleta de dados foi o diário de campo, neste estudo denominado diário de ateliê. Nesta investigação realizou-se um cruzamento entre as áreas da poética e da educação, que possibilita a integração do artista, do pesquisador e do professor. A reflexão sobre o processo de criação mostra que é preciso produzir livremente a obra, deixá-la nascer. É importante entrar em contato com seus conteúdos internos, memórias afetivas, sentimentos. Após a produção, então, pode-se refletir e compreender os conceitos que estão no trabalho. O objetivo do artista é ser verdadeiro, é encontrar-se. Pelas suas obras, o artista comunica-se com o espectador em níveis de comunhão inconsciente e consciente. O combustível das transformações que impulsionam o pleno desenvolvimento de potencialidades pode ser a capacidade de articular criação e reflexão, prática e teoria

The ever-changing demands of working life pose considerable challenges to higher education. The literature indicates that traditional forms of university instruction positioned a deficit model of teaching and learning, which is embedded in a logical positivist paradigm, as authoritative in the production of ‘experts’ who possess legitimate knowledge. However, in professional practice, health practitioners often deal with ill-defined problems. If health practitioners are to be prepared properly for their future careers, the development of reflective thinking should be an integral component of professional education courses. The aim of this study was to explore the public narratives on existing teaching and learning practices in higher education, orthotics/prosthetics and psychology, and to examine the authority of these narratives in the unfolding stories of students and the facilitator in a pilot applied psychology course designed for orthotist/prosthetist professionals. There is a paucity of psychological research in orthotic/prosthetic practice and further research in this domain is needed, particularly from a qualitative approach. A story map was used to integrate the methodology of personal experience methods and narrative analysis into one model that represents the voice of public and private narratives in a specific temporality of past, present and future. The analysis of public and private texts revealed the narrative themes of teaching and learning, co-constructing knowledge, reflection-on-practice, disability, community of concern and agency. A critical psychology and social constructionist approach is proposed to facilitate reflective clinical practice in a psychology module for orthotics and prosthetics. In a collaborative learning community, the lived experiences, knowledge, skills, and desires that invited orthotist/prosthetists into this helping field are honoured. In addition, they are encouraged to reflect on the value of professional interventions by using pragmatic criteria of whether an approach fits or is useful for a client, rather than relying on some abstract notion of ‘truth’. / Thesis (PhD (Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Psychology / unrestricted

Cette thèse de doctorat a pour cadre la formation initiale des enseignants des premier et second degrés dans le sud de la France dans les années 2000. Elle vise à étudier la contribution des analyses de pratique mises en œuvre au retour des stages de mise en situation professionnelle au développement professionnel d’enseignants débutants. Une clarification du concept de trace de pratique et une typologie de ces traces sont élaborées. Le cadre théorique des analyses croise les modèles du développement professionnel d’Huberman (1986), des gestes professionnels de Bucheton (2009) et de la compétence de Le Boterf (1994). Cette recherche se fonde sur des observations et verbatims de séances de groupes d’accompagnement professionnel et de formation transversale qui ont été mis en place dans l’académie de Montpellier et elle recourt à des entretiens de professeurs stagiaires et de titulaires première année. Nous montrons que ces dispositifs d’analyse de pratique variés et souvent ajustés aux attentes des enseignants en formation utilisent ou/et font émerger des traces de pratique mises en discussion dans le groupe de formation. Un travail individuel et collectif préalable à la présentation de la situation par l’acteur, réalisé par les pairs sur des traces de pratique, associé à un travail réflexif, augmente les ressources collectives et individuelles du répertoire de l’agir enseignant. Ces dispositifs collectifs en « présentiel » facilitent et accompagnent la poursuite d’un travail effectué individuellement en « distanciel », ce qui se traduit par le développement d’une communauté de pratiques grâce à la mise en œuvre d’une alternance intégrative. / This doctoral thesis is set within the initial training of teachers of primary and secondary education in the South of France in the 2000s. It aims at studying the contribution in the professional development of new teachers of the reflection on practice which is implemented on the trainees’ return from placement. A clarification of the concept of traces of practice and a typology of these traces is elaborated. The theoretical framework for reflection is a cross-reference to the models of Huberman‘s (1986) professional development, of Bucheton’s (2009) professional gestures and of Le Boterf ‘s (1994) skills. This research is based on observations and verbatims from sessions of a tutorial group on practices and cross training which were set up in the Académie of Montpellier and it resorts to interviews of student teachers and of newly qualified teachers. We show that these strategies for reflection on practice varied and often fitted to the expectations of the teacher trainees use or / and bring to the foreground traces of practices discussed in the training group. An individual and collective work done by the peers, prior to the presentation of the situation by the actor, on traces of practice, associated with a reflective work, increases the collective and individual resources of the repertoire of teaching actions. These collective strategies during "on site" sessions help and guide the pursuit of personal work carried out “online ", which results in the development of a community of practice thanks to the implementation of an integrated placement.

Com este estudo, procurou-se pesquisar o processo de integração de visualizações em sala de aula e conhecer o impacto de um curso de formação continuada, que visa discutir e promover o uso de visualizações no ensino de Química e Física, nas concepções de professores em serviço de Química no Brasil e Física e Química em Portugal. Pretendeu-se identificar as concepções prévias que estes professores apresentaram no início do curso sobre o uso de visualizações, e as possíveis mudanças que ocorreram após o envolvimento no curso. Procurou-se, igualmente, caracterizar as abordagens pedagógicas que os professores utilizaram e as dificuldades que estes encontraram durante o uso de visualizações no ensino de Química e Física. Neste trabalho foi usada uma metodologia que tem as suas raízes na investigação qualitativa com orientação interpretativa, tendo participado catorze professores de Química e Ciências Naturais do Ensino Fundamental e Médio de catorze escolas públicas pertencentes à região da Grande São Paulo e catorze professoras de Física e Química do Ensino Básico e Secundário de oito escolas públicas pertencentes à região da Grande Lisboa. Dado que este estudo foi aplicado em dois contextos a estratégia escolhida foi de estudo de dois casos, o caso do Brasil e o caso de Portugal. Usaram-se vários instrumentos de coleta de dados: observação naturalista, questionários, entrevistas e documentos escritos. Na análise de dados, utilizou-se o método do questionamento e comparação constantes até à saturação das categorias. Os resultados revelaram a existência de mudanças nas concepções acerca do uso de visualizações. No caso do Brasil, as mudanças foram mais acentuadas nos motivos para o uso das visualizações e nos critérios de seleção destes recursos. Neste grupo, após a formação os professores mostraram-se mais conscientes do impacto das visualizações na construção do conhecimento, para além, do papel motivacional. Da mesma forma, revelaram-se mais criteriosos na escolha destes recursos. No caso de Portugal, as mudanças centraram-se nos critérios de seleção e nas potencialidades destes recursos. Neste caso, os professores manifestaram critérios mais apertados para a seleção destes recursos, além de reconhecerem outras potencialidades, nomeadamente ao nível do desenvolvimento de competências. Em relação às abordagens utilizadas, em ambos os casos prevaleceram abordagens que procuravam desviar-se do ensino por transmissão de conhecimentos, tentando os professores incorporar estratégias nas suas sequências didáticas de base construtivista. No que diz respeito às dificuldades apresentadas pelos professores para integrarem estes recursos nas suas práticas, no caso do Brasil estas se situaram quer no plano técnico, quer no plano pedagógico. As dificuldades no plano técnico estão relacionadas com o uso de visualizações incorporadas em tecnologia (simulações, animações) e as dificuldades pedagógicas estão relacionadas com a insegurança quanto ao papel destes recursos na aprendizagem. No caso de Portugal, estas dificuldades, foram mais evidentes no plano pedagógico, nomeadamente no papel do professor em relação a estes recursos. Neste estudo apresentou-se e testou-se um modelo de formação continuada assente nos desafios teóricos e práticos que se colocam aos professores cujo impacto foi considerado positivo. Desta forma, foi possível colocar em evidência algumas concepções e dificuldades de professores para integrar visualizações em sala de aula e apresentar sugestões para caminhos de pesquisas futuras. / With this study, we tried to find out the integration process of visualizations in the classroom and see the impact of a teacher training, to discuss and promote the use of visualizations in the Chemistry and Physics, on the conceptions of in service teachers in Brazil and in Portugal. One aimed to identify the preconceptions that these teachers presented early in the training, about the use of visualizations, and the possible changes that occurred after the involvement in the course. One tried also to characterize the pedagogical approaches that teachers used and the difficulties they encountered during the use of visualizations in the Chemistry and Physics teaching. In this study, we used a methodology that has its roots in qualitative research with interpretive guidance. In Brazil fourteen teachers of Chemistry and Natural Sciences of the Elementary and Secondary Education, distributed by fourteen schools belonging to the Greater São Paulo participated in this study. In Portugal had participated fourteen Physics and Chemistry teachers of Elementary and Secondary Education, distributed by eight public schools belong to the region of Lisbon. Since this study was applied in two contexts the strategy chosen was to two study cases, the case of Brazil and the case of Portugal. One used various instruments to collect data: naturalistic observation, questionnaires, interviews and written documents. In data analysis, we used the method of constant questioning and comparison to the saturation of the categories. The results revealed the existence of changes in conceptions about the use of visualizations. In Brazil\'s case the changes were more pronounced in the reasons for the use of visualizations and on the selection criteria of these resources. In this group, after training the teachers were more aware of the impact of visualizations in knowledge construction, in addition to the motivational role. Likewise, they proved to be more discriminating in the choice of these resources. In the case of Portugal, the changes focused on the selection criteria and the potential of these resources. In this case, the teachers showed tighter criteria for selection of these resources, and recognize other potentials, especially in terms of skills development. Regarding the approaches used in both cases prevailed the ones that deviated more from traditional teaching. Teachers tried to incorporate strategies into their teaching sequences based on constructivist views in order to involve students in their learning. Regarding the difficulties faced by teachers to integrate these resources into their practices, in the case of Brazil they stood either on the technical and pedagogical ones. The technical difficulties were related to the use of technology (simulations, animations) and the pedagogical difficulties were related to the uncertainty about the role of these resources in learning. In the case of Portugal, these difficulties were evident in the pedagogical level, including the role of the teacher in relation to these resources. This study presented and tested a model of teacher training based on the theoretical and practical challenges faced by teachers whose impact was considered positive. Thus, it was possible to put in evidence some teachers\' conceptions and difficulties to integrate visualizations in the classroom and make suggestions for future research paths.

Com este estudo, procurou-se pesquisar o processo de integração de visualizações em sala de aula e conhecer o impacto de um curso de formação continuada, que visa discutir e promover o uso de visualizações no ensino de Química e Física, nas concepções de professores em serviço de Química no Brasil e Física e Química em Portugal. Pretendeu-se identificar as concepções prévias que estes professores apresentaram no início do curso sobre o uso de visualizações, e as possíveis mudanças que ocorreram após o envolvimento no curso. Procurou-se, igualmente, caracterizar as abordagens pedagógicas que os professores utilizaram e as dificuldades que estes encontraram durante o uso de visualizações no ensino de Química e Física. Neste trabalho foi usada uma metodologia que tem as suas raízes na investigação qualitativa com orientação interpretativa, tendo participado catorze professores de Química e Ciências Naturais do Ensino Fundamental e Médio de catorze escolas públicas pertencentes à região da Grande São Paulo e catorze professoras de Física e Química do Ensino Básico e Secundário de oito escolas públicas pertencentes à região da Grande Lisboa. Dado que este estudo foi aplicado em dois contextos a estratégia escolhida foi de estudo de dois casos, o caso do Brasil e o caso de Portugal. Usaram-se vários instrumentos de coleta de dados: observação naturalista, questionários, entrevistas e documentos escritos. Na análise de dados, utilizou-se o método do questionamento e comparação constantes até à saturação das categorias. Os resultados revelaram a existência de mudanças nas concepções acerca do uso de visualizações. No caso do Brasil, as mudanças foram mais acentuadas nos motivos para o uso das visualizações e nos critérios de seleção destes recursos. Neste grupo, após a formação os professores mostraram-se mais conscientes do impacto das visualizações na construção do conhecimento, para além, do papel motivacional. Da mesma forma, revelaram-se mais criteriosos na escolha destes recursos. No caso de Portugal, as mudanças centraram-se nos critérios de seleção e nas potencialidades destes recursos. Neste caso, os professores manifestaram critérios mais apertados para a seleção destes recursos, além de reconhecerem outras potencialidades, nomeadamente ao nível do desenvolvimento de competências. Em relação às abordagens utilizadas, em ambos os casos prevaleceram abordagens que procuravam desviar-se do ensino por transmissão de conhecimentos, tentando os professores incorporar estratégias nas suas sequências didáticas de base construtivista. No que diz respeito às dificuldades apresentadas pelos professores para integrarem estes recursos nas suas práticas, no caso do Brasil estas se situaram quer no plano técnico, quer no plano pedagógico. As dificuldades no plano técnico estão relacionadas com o uso de visualizações incorporadas em tecnologia (simulações, animações) e as dificuldades pedagógicas estão relacionadas com a insegurança quanto ao papel destes recursos na aprendizagem. No caso de Portugal, estas dificuldades, foram mais evidentes no plano pedagógico, nomeadamente no papel do professor em relação a estes recursos. Neste estudo apresentou-se e testou-se um modelo de formação continuada assente nos desafios teóricos e práticos que se colocam aos professores cujo impacto foi considerado positivo. Desta forma, foi possível colocar em evidência algumas concepções e dificuldades de professores para integrar visualizações em sala de aula e apresentar sugestões para caminhos de pesquisas futuras. / With this study, we tried to find out the integration process of visualizations in the classroom and see the impact of a teacher training, to discuss and promote the use of visualizations in the Chemistry and Physics, on the conceptions of in service teachers in Brazil and in Portugal. One aimed to identify the preconceptions that these teachers presented early in the training, about the use of visualizations, and the possible changes that occurred after the involvement in the course. One tried also to characterize the pedagogical approaches that teachers used and the difficulties they encountered during the use of visualizations in the Chemistry and Physics teaching. In this study, we used a methodology that has its roots in qualitative research with interpretive guidance. In Brazil fourteen teachers of Chemistry and Natural Sciences of the Elementary and Secondary Education, distributed by fourteen schools belonging to the Greater São Paulo participated in this study. In Portugal had participated fourteen Physics and Chemistry teachers of Elementary and Secondary Education, distributed by eight public schools belong to the region of Lisbon. Since this study was applied in two contexts the strategy chosen was to two study cases, the case of Brazil and the case of Portugal. One used various instruments to collect data: naturalistic observation, questionnaires, interviews and written documents. In data analysis, we used the method of constant questioning and comparison to the saturation of the categories. The results revealed the existence of changes in conceptions about the use of visualizations. In Brazil\'s case the changes were more pronounced in the reasons for the use of visualizations and on the selection criteria of these resources. In this group, after training the teachers were more aware of the impact of visualizations in knowledge construction, in addition to the motivational role. Likewise, they proved to be more discriminating in the choice of these resources. In the case of Portugal, the changes focused on the selection criteria and the potential of these resources. In this case, the teachers showed tighter criteria for selection of these resources, and recognize other potentials, especially in terms of skills development. Regarding the approaches used in both cases prevailed the ones that deviated more from traditional teaching. Teachers tried to incorporate strategies into their teaching sequences based on constructivist views in order to involve students in their learning. Regarding the difficulties faced by teachers to integrate these resources into their practices, in the case of Brazil they stood either on the technical and pedagogical ones. The technical difficulties were related to the use of technology (simulations, animations) and the pedagogical difficulties were related to the uncertainty about the role of these resources in learning. In the case of Portugal, these difficulties were evident in the pedagogical level, including the role of the teacher in relation to these resources. This study presented and tested a model of teacher training based on the theoretical and practical challenges faced by teachers whose impact was considered positive. Thus, it was possible to put in evidence some teachers\' conceptions and difficulties to integrate visualizations in the classroom and make suggestions for future research paths.

Reflective practice, though ill-defined, has become an accepted educational concept within many health care disciplines particularly in nursing. Subsequently it has become benchmarked within Paramedic Sciences as a professional requirement for continuing education and clinical practice. However, despite the vast literature in nursing and the increasing growth of reflective practice in paramedic curricula it is unclear how it influences the students’ learning in preparation for graduate practice as future reflective practitioners. This research explored ‘to what extent does reflective practice in the paramedic curriculum influence the students’ academic and clinical learning leading to graduate practice’? A mixed methods approach with cohort samples of undergraduate health care students comprised four studies including surveys and non-participant observations of clinical simulation that were conducted in a university learning environment. The results showed overall that Paramedic students believed that they understood reflective practice and perceived it to be useful for their academic studies and clinical practice; although this is probably influenced more by formal teaching rather than the result of their own views. Students were able to describe reflective practice in ideal theoretical terms and were positive towards it regardless of their individual learning styles. However, in a clinical context, they applied it differently with significant emphasis on technical reflection. Evidence of the nature of reflective practice as it occurred during and after clinical simulation scenarios highlights a need for revised approaches to existing learning/teaching strategies with paramedic students. An extended understanding and refinement of reflective practice concepts including a new pedagogic framework to promote enhanced reflectivity are proposed. This theoretical framework is designed to accommodate reflective learning for both personal and collaborative learning related to curriculum outcomes. The use of clinical simulation for the development of reflective practice in the paramedic curriculum is supported with recommendations for further studies in academic and clinical settings.

Aim: The existing literature on the experiences of individuals who have undertaken Problem-Based Learning (PBL) as part of their doctoral Clinical Psychology training in the UK is scarce, particularly from the perspective of qualitative peer research. The aim of the present study was to construct and articulate a deeper account of such experiences, and in particular, to explore how individuals make sense of these experiences. It is hoped that the findings of the present study will increase awareness within Clinical Psychology training programmes of the experiences, perspectives and needs of trainees who undertake PBL. Method: A qualitative approach was adopted. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight Trainee Clinical Psychologists who have undertaken PBL at a Clinical Psychology training programme in South-East England. Their accounts were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), which endeavours to illuminate the lived experiences of small samples of individuals who have experienced a particular phenomenon. Results: The analytic procedure highlighted four main themes emerging within participants’ accounts: Intensity of the experience; Striving towards connection versus fear of disconnection; Responses to manage the experience(s) can be unhelpful and helpful; and Trying to make sense of PBL. Implications: Participants characterised PBL as a challenging yet invaluable process through which they made significant gains, both professionally and personally. Facilitators were noted to play a key role in helping to create safe spaces in which trainees are supported to engage with issues that may arise for them in relation to their professional and personal development. Implications and recommendations are outlined for the benefit of Clinical Psychology training programmes that may wish to incorporate or alter PBL within their syllabuses.