Esta dissertação de mestrado investiga ações de ensino e de aprendizagem relacionadas com a experiência advinda de uma formação de Francês para Objetivo Específico (FOS) para Relações Internacionais (RI) realizada junto a graduandos em RI pela Universidade de São Paulo, focalizando a comunicação oral em contextos de inserção profissional próprios a este perfil de alunos. Inserida no contexto dos Cursos de Francês para Internacionalização (CFI) do Centro Interdepartamental de Línguas desta universidade, a investigação, de natureza qualitativa e alinhada aos pressupostos da pesquisa-ação (THIOLLENT, 2003) e da etnografia (CRINON et al., 2002; ESTEBAN, 2010), pôs em relevo as etapas do processo de elaboração e de implantação desta formação, denominada Minicurso FOS-RI. A pesquisa compreendeu a identificação e análise de necessidades do público-alvo, a coleta e seleção de documentos, a elaboração didática e o planejamento e acompanhamento das atividades por meio de diversos instrumentos aplicados junto aos alunos-participantes e do diário docente reflexivo do professor-pesquisador-elaborador do referido minicurso. O enquadramento teóricodidático- metodológico da pesquisa se deu na área do FOS (LEHMANN, 1990; 1993; MANGIANTE; PARPETTE, 2004; 2011; CUQ; GRUCCA, 2005; CARRAS et al., 2007; MOURLHON-DALLIES, 2008; ALBUQUERQUE-COSTA; PARPETTE, 2016) com vistas a descrever e analisar as escolhas do professor-pesquisador-elaborador, consideradas como ações de ensino, e suas implicações nas ações de aprendizagem dos alunos-participantes, notadamente do ponto de vista da expressão oral. A análise e interpretação dos dados relativos a estes aspectos evidenciaram como a aplicação da démarche FOS está relacionada ao desenvolvimento da dimensão autoral do material didático realizado pelo professor para definir as especificidades do programa e das atividades do Minicurso FOS-RI visando à aprendizagem dos alunos-participantes. Tratou-se de uma formação em francês única, pois foi realizada em um contexto particular que atendeu às necessidades de comunicação oral em situações profissionais específicas com as quais os alunos-participantes de RI estavam envolvidos. A contribuição da pesquisa se dá no âmbito do ensino e da aprendizagem de professores que queiram compreender as particularidades de elaboração e aplicação de um programa de ensino FOS. / This master\'s dissertation investigates teaching and learning actions related to the experience of a French course for Specific Objective (FOS) for graduates in International Relations (IR) held by the University of São Paulo. It focuses on oral communication in the context of employment opportunities appropriate to this student profile. The research, which is qualitative in nature and in line with the presuppositions of action research (THIOLLENT, 2003) and ethnography (CRINON ET AL, 2002; ESTEBAN, 2010), highlights the stages of the process of elaboration and implementation of this training course, called Minicurso FOS-RI. The research included the identification and analysis of the target audiences\' needs, the collection and selection of documents, and the didactic elaboration, planning, and monitoring of the activities, using several instruments; these were applied both to the students/participants and to the reflective journal of the teacher/researcher/elaborator of the mini-course. The theoretical-didacticmethodological framework of the research was conducted in the FOS course (LEHMANN, 1990; 1993; MANGIANTE; PARPETTE, 2004; 2011; CUQ; GRUCCA, 2005; MOURLHONDALLIES, 2008; ALBUQUERQUE-COSTA; PARPETTE, 2016), with a view to describing and analyzing the choices of the teacher/researcher/elaborator, considered as teaching behaviors, and their implications in the learning behaviors of the students/participants, especially from the point of view of oral expression. The analysis and interpretation of the data related to these aspects show how the application of the FOS is related to the development of the authorial dimension of the didactic material performed by the teacher. It defines the specificities of the program and the activities of the FOS-RI Mini-course, and is aimed at the students\'/participants\' learning. This was a unique French course because it was performed in a particular context that met the needs of oral communication in specific professional situations in which the students/participants of IR were involved. The research contributes to the area of training and learning of teachers attempting to understand the particularities of developing and applying a FOS teaching program.

Cette thèse de doctorat a pour cadre la formation initiale des enseignants des premier et second degrés dans le sud de la France dans les années 2000. Elle vise à étudier la contribution des analyses de pratique mises en œuvre au retour des stages de mise en situation professionnelle au développement professionnel d’enseignants débutants. Une clarification du concept de trace de pratique et une typologie de ces traces sont élaborées. Le cadre théorique des analyses croise les modèles du développement professionnel d’Huberman (1986), des gestes professionnels de Bucheton (2009) et de la compétence de Le Boterf (1994). Cette recherche se fonde sur des observations et verbatims de séances de groupes d’accompagnement professionnel et de formation transversale qui ont été mis en place dans l’académie de Montpellier et elle recourt à des entretiens de professeurs stagiaires et de titulaires première année. Nous montrons que ces dispositifs d’analyse de pratique variés et souvent ajustés aux attentes des enseignants en formation utilisent ou/et font émerger des traces de pratique mises en discussion dans le groupe de formation. Un travail individuel et collectif préalable à la présentation de la situation par l’acteur, réalisé par les pairs sur des traces de pratique, associé à un travail réflexif, augmente les ressources collectives et individuelles du répertoire de l’agir enseignant. Ces dispositifs collectifs en « présentiel » facilitent et accompagnent la poursuite d’un travail effectué individuellement en « distanciel », ce qui se traduit par le développement d’une communauté de pratiques grâce à la mise en œuvre d’une alternance intégrative. / This doctoral thesis is set within the initial training of teachers of primary and secondary education in the South of France in the 2000s. It aims at studying the contribution in the professional development of new teachers of the reflection on practice which is implemented on the trainees’ return from placement. A clarification of the concept of traces of practice and a typology of these traces is elaborated. The theoretical framework for reflection is a cross-reference to the models of Huberman‘s (1986) professional development, of Bucheton’s (2009) professional gestures and of Le Boterf ‘s (1994) skills. This research is based on observations and verbatims from sessions of a tutorial group on practices and cross training which were set up in the Académie of Montpellier and it resorts to interviews of student teachers and of newly qualified teachers. We show that these strategies for reflection on practice varied and often fitted to the expectations of the teacher trainees use or / and bring to the foreground traces of practices discussed in the training group. An individual and collective work done by the peers, prior to the presentation of the situation by the actor, on traces of practice, associated with a reflective work, increases the collective and individual resources of the repertoire of teaching actions. These collective strategies during "on site" sessions help and guide the pursuit of personal work carried out “online ", which results in the development of a community of practice thanks to the implementation of an integrated placement.

Esta investigação integra a inter-relação da Educomunicação e o ensino de Música, com o objetivo de investigar quais as possíveis contribuições de ações educomunicativas no ensino de música em uma sala de musicalização no Conservatório Estadual de Música Cora Pavan Capparelli (CEMCPC) da cidade de Uberlândia/Minas Gerais. A pesquisa foi realizada em três fases, sendo que na primeira fase aconteceram as observações das aulas de um professor, em uma sala de musicalização com alunos de iniciação musical; a segunda fase, o curso de formação docente sobre o conceito e prática educomunicativa e a terceira fase, novamente as observações das ações docentes com o olhar das características educomunicativas. A metodologia baseou-se na abordagem qualitativa na modalidade de pesquisa participante, e quanto aos procedimentos da coleta de dados utilizou-se de entrevistas e observações. O tema "ensino de música na perspectiva educomunicativa" foi fundamentado pelas contribuições dos principais autores como Freire (1971, 1987), Kaplún (1984) e Soares (1999, 2000, 2002, 2011, 2014, 2016) com conceitos e fundamentos sobre a Educomunicação, e com a possível transposição e reflexões de seus fundamentos para o ensino de música, foi feita a aproximação na síntese desta pesquisa: a Educomusicalização. A análise dos dados foi baseada por algumas características da Educomunicação como o diálogo, participação, interação, troca de saberes, autonomia, protagonismo, planejamento e organização, e interdisciplinaridade. Os resultados apontaram para a presença das características educomunicativas nas ações do professor evidenciando importantes aspectos desta pesquisa, abrindo possibilidades para novas perspectivas ao ensino de música. / This research integrates the interrelation of Educommunication and Music teaching, with the objective of investigating the possible contributions of Educommunication actions in the Musical teaching in a Music class at the Public Conservatorium of Music Cora Pavan Capparelli (CEMCPC) in Uberlandia-Minas Gerais. The research was realized in three phases, in the first phase happened the observations of the lessons of a teacher, in a musicalization class with students of musical initiation. The second phase, a teacher training course about the Educommunicative concept and practice and the third phase, over again with the observations of the teaching actions view according to the Educommunicative characteristics. The methodology was based on the qualitative approach in the participant research modality and the procedures of data collection were interviews and observations. The theme "Teaching Music in the Educommunicative perspective" was based on the contributions of the main authors such as Freire (1971, 1987), Kaplún (1984) and Soares (1999, 2000, 2002, 2011, 2014, 2016) with concepts and fundamentals about Educommunication, and with the possible transposition and reflections of its foundations for the music teaching, it was possible to approach them in the synthesis of this research: Educommusicalization. The data analysis was based on some characteristics of Educommunication as the dialogue, participation, interaction, exchange of knowledge, autonomy, protagonism, planning, organization and interdisciplinarity. The results pointed to the presence of the educommunicative characteristics in the teacher's actions evidencing important aspects of this research and opening possibilities for new perspectives to Music teaching. / Dissertação (Mestrado)

Studiens syfte är att studera lärare i fritidshems undervisningshandlingar för att förstå deras undervisningskunskap. I analysen av lärare i fritidshems undervisningshandlingar studeras hur undervisningssituationer kan initieras och hur lärare transformerar ämneskunskap, pedagogisk kunskap och kontextuell kunskap till undervisningshandlingar. Genom analysen av undervisningshandlingarna kan undervisningskunskap förstås. För att kunna identifiera lärare i fritidshems undervisningshandlingar används det teoretiska ramverket och analysverktyget Pedagogical Content Knowledge i studien (Shulman, 1986; 1987). När lärare i fritidshems handlingar innehåller kunskapskategorierna ämneskunskap, pedagogisk kunskap och kontextuell kunskap, analyseras de som undervisningshandlingar. Analysen av undervisningshandlingarna visar lärares undervisningskunskap. Observationer har varit den huvudsakliga materialinsamlingsmetoden i studien, både observationer dokumenterade via fältanteckningar och video. Tre lärare i fritidshem från tre olika fritidshem och skolor har deltagit i observationerna. Analysen av resultaten visar att lärarna i fritidshem i de utvalda observerade sekvenserna använder undervisningshandlingarna talhandlingar, praktiska och utforskande handlingar, demonstrationer och medskapande handlingar. Den undervisningskunskap som analysen synliggör påvisar att lärarna i fritidshem har kunskap om att bedriva undervisning som är förplanerad, lärarinitierad och barninitierad samt att undervisningssituationer som påbörjas med en initieringsform kan förändras till en annan. Lärare i fritidshem kan ses möjliggöra för barns delaktighet och aktörskap i sin undervisning eller styra undervisningen utifrån sin planering där barns delaktighet blir begränsad i undervisningssituationen. Lärare i fritidshems undervisningskunskap kan utifrån analysen även ses innehålla: en handlingsberedskap att se undervisningsmöjligheter i den omedelbara situationen i interaktion med barn, en anpassning av undervisning utifrån barns förståelse av den, en samtidighet att använda flera olika undervisningshandlingar samtidigt och en kunskap om organisering av undervisning för barns delaktighet och aktörskap där läraren intar olika positioner genom att styra, lyssna och agera på barns handlingar samt vara medskapare i undervisningen. / The aim of this study is to investigate school-age educare teachers’ teaching actions with the purpose of understanding their pedagogical content knowledge. The analysis looks at how teaching situations can be initiated and how teachers transform subject matter knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, and contextual knowledge into teaching actions. Through the analysis of the teaching actions, pedagogical content knowledge can be understood. Pedagogical Content Knowledge is the theoretical framework and tool used for the identification and analysis of teaching actions (Shulman, 1986; 1987). A teaching action is defined as an action in which all three knowledge categories, namely subject matter knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, and contextual knowledge, are identified. These teaching actions are then analyzed to show the teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge. Observations through both video and field notes have been the main method for producing data in the study. In the observations, three teachers from three different school-age educare settings have participated. The results show that the teachers in the selected settings use speech acts, activity-driven teaching, discovery, demonstration, and co-creation representations in their teaching. The analysis demonstrates that school-age educare teachers’ teaching could be preplanned by the teachers, initiated by the teachers, or initiated by the children. The teaching initiative can also shift during the teaching situation, and the teachers position the children in different ways in their teaching. They can enable the children to be actors in the teaching situation where the teachers assume a position of an amplifier and act as a support to the children’s participation or they can take control over the teaching situation and only give the children limited agency. In the results, the pedagogical content knowledge of teachers is analyzed resulting in the themes of readiness for action where the teachers can see opportunities for teaching in the immediate situation in their interaction with children, an adaptation of teaching to every child’s understanding, and a simultaneity of using different teaching representations at the same time. In the analysis, the teachers also show a pedagogical content knowledge of how to organize their teaching in order to enable the children to be participants and actors. The teachers use different teacher positions that allow them to control the teaching and to decide how much control to give to the children in teaching situations in which the school-age educare teacher assumes the position of a co-creator.