This research focuses on improving the remanufacturing process efficiency by estimating the workstation utilization through identifying percentage of %Blocking and %Waiting on individual workstations within a remanufacturing flow line. It attempts to achieve this aim such that improved use of methods to overcome the effect of variability can be employed. Extensive literature review revealed the requirement of strategies to recover End of Life products due to the introduction and implementation of legislative directives demanding manufacturers to recover the End of Life resources. Upon analyzing the range of product recovery strategies, End of Life product remanufacturing has emerged as an appropriate and suitable strategy to be used since it extends the operational life of existing products without the need for the new resources required when making products. Remanufacturing is a process in which a product is disassembled to component level. Each of the components will be thoroughly examined for defects. Upon identifying defects, they will either be repaired or components will be replaced. This process in turn increases the product life span. However, remanufacturing is not widely used process applied into various industry sectors due to the fact that it is labour intensive and expensive process compared to new products. Although remanufacturing process is in infancy where small number of industry such as Automotive and Aerospace are deriving benefit from it by making effective use of remanufacturing. Ideally, the suitable manufacturing methods i.e. flow processing system, should be used to remanufacture products. However when flow processing is deployed, it is found that there are a number of factors affecting the process that if not tackled, will result in poor performance and poor efficiency of the overall remanufacturing system. This inefficiency is primarily due to the number of sources of variation found in terms of supply, product design, parts specification, operation and demand variability. Further investigation led to the characterizing the remanufacturing variability and identified ways the effect of this variability can be removed or reduced using Lean principles e.g. Single Minute Exchange of Dies and use of an appropriate manufacturing system. Based on the information revised in literature and experimental design, novel equations were developed along with a set of rules that accurately measures the workstation utilization in terms of %Blocking and %Waiting on individual workstation.

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Depuis vingt-cinq ans, les centres hospitaliers universitaires français connaissent un mouvement sans précédent de regroupement de leurs activités médicales qui les conduit à désaffecter puis à vendre de nombreux sites hospitaliers.La reconversion de ces anciens hôpitaux est un enjeu majeur pour les établissements publics de santé comme pour les collectivités. Les premiers doivent valoriser au mieux leur patrimoine pour financer la modernisation ou la construction des hôpitaux en activité. Les secondes doivent réussir la transformation des grands enclos ainsi libérés et garantir leur bon usage au bénéfice des populations des métropoles concernées.Après avoir mis en lumière les mécanismes de décision et de gestion propres à chacun des acteurs et souligné la diversité des attentes, le travail s’appuyant sur l’analyse comparée de neuf opérations situées à Lyon, Marseille, Montpellier, Paris, Poitiers et Saint-Etienne, s’attache à identifier les potentiels de développement urbain des anciens hôpitaux, leurs valeurs parfois paradoxales, enfin le rôle de l’établissement de santé, de la ville ou de l’agglomération, ainsi que de la société civile dans la production des opérations.Cette approche croisée et quantifiée conduit à esquisser des axes de travail d’intérêt général. Ceux-ci concernent aussi bien les centres hospitaliers dans la préparation et la conduite du processus de désaffectation et de cession que les collectivités dans la définition des besoins et la mise en œuvre des opérations. Est mis en avant pour finir le rôle de l’Etat pour réduire les contradictions, aider à la juste évaluation des biens et accélérer les processus de transformation urbaine. / In the past 25 years, French teaching hospitals have had to concentrate their activities as never before, leading to many hospital sites being closed down and sold off. The redevelopment of these former hospitals is a major issue for public healthcare establishments and local authorities alike. The former need to enhance their property to raise funds to modernise and build hospitals in use. The latter need to oversee the transformation of the huge complexes newly available and ensure they benefit the inhabitants of the cities involved. After examining the decision-making process and management implemented by all players and highlighting the sheer diversity of expectations, a comparative analysis of nine operations located in Lyon, Marseille, Montpellier, Paris, Poitiers and Saint-Etienne pinpoints potential urban development of former hospitals, their sometimes contradictory values and the role of the healthcare establishment, city council and civil society in the production of the operations. This comparative approach, backed with figures, leads to some general-interest suggestions. These involve not only the hospitals which prepare and lead the closing process and transfer, but also the local authorities which define requirements and implement operations. Finally, the government’s role of reducing contradictions, helping to properly assess the property and speeding up the processes of urban transformation is also covered.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att analysera och presentera renoveringsförslag med avsikt att minska energianvändningen i en fastighet med förskoleverksamhet. Arbetet har genomförts hos Tornberget fastighetsförvaltning AB, ett kommunalägt fastighetsbolag i Haninge kommun, som äger och förvaltar kommunens verksamhetsfastigheter.   Byggnaden som analyseras är förskolan Tamburinen. Tamburinen har en hög energianvändning jämfört med liknande förskolor i Tornbergets regi (se bilaga 2). Bara uppvärmingen av byggnaden uppgick till 196,4 kWh/m2 år 2013.   De rekommenderade renoveringsförslagen skall, förutom att minska energianvändningen, dessutom vara lönsamma ur ett ekonomiskt perspektiv. Förslagen har tagit hänsyn till byggnadsfysikaliska risker.   Renoveringsförslagen baseras på undersökningar av Tamburinen och Tornbergets erfarenheter från renoveringsarbeten på liknande byggnader.   Nedan listas, i fallande prioritetsordning, de åtgärder som rekommenderas att Tornberget genomför på Tamburinen.   Installation av nya fönsterglas med bättre isolerförmåga. Sänka luftläckagen vid entréerna. Isolering mot mark i grunden. Ombyggnation till varmt tak, tilläggsisolering av vindsbjälklag och yttertak. Tilläggsisolering av grundmur.     I rapporten presenteras åtgärdsförslagen med investeringskostnad och livscykelkostnadsanalys (LCC).   Åtgärderna sänker enligt författarnas beräkningar Tamburinens energianvändning med ca 105 800 kWh/år, vilket motsvarar en sänkning med 56,3 %. Investeringskostnaden för alla åtgärder uppgår till ca 1 370 700 kr, och återbetalningstiden är 18,7 år. / Tornberget is a real estate company that exercise real estate management on account of the municipality of Haninge. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze one of the buildings that Tornberget is managing to find ways of making the energy usage more efficient.   The building that is analyzed is a preschool building named Tamburinen. In 2013 the building used a lot of energy compared to similar buildings managed by Tornberget (see appendix 2). The heating system alone used 196.4 kWh/m2.   This thesis provides suggestions regarding refurbishments that makes the building more energy efficient while being economical. Risks related to building physics has also been taken into consideration.   Presented suggestions are based on examinations of the building and experiences within Tornberget from refurbishments on similar buildings.   The recommended refurbishments for Tornberget regarding Tamburinen are listed below in descending order of prioritization.   Installation of new glass in the windows with better insulation qualities. Reduction of the air leakage by the entrances. Insulation against the ground in the foundation. Making the roof a warm construction. Additional insulation in the attic and on the roof. Additional insulation on the foundation wall. An LCC-analysis and the investment costs for each suggestion is presented in the thesis. According to our calculations the presented suggestions would lower the annual energy usage of Tamburinen with approximately 105 800 kWh, which equals a reduction of 56.3 %. The investment required is approximately 1 370 700 SEK, and the pay-back time is 18.7 years.