My work is about using money from the structurals funds in Vysocuína region. I introduced Vysocina region, structurals funds and operating programes in period 2004 - 2006. I continued exact using of the money in period 2004 - 2006. A add also description of the structural politics EU 2007 - 2013, stuctural funds and operating programes in the same period.

Na história econômica do capitalismo, a busca pelo desenvolvimento econômico sempre esteve associada à industrialização. Os países que fizeram a primeira e a segunda revolução industrial são aqueles considerados desenvolvidos e esse caminho da industrialização passa ser a grande busca dos países em desenvolvimento. Vários deles conseguiram êxito no século XX, entre eles, o Brasil. Entretanto, com a internacionalização da produção e a inovação tecnológica mais intensa, a industrialização não resolveu o problema do subdesenvolvimento. A produtividade econômica não resultou na produtividade social. O objetivo da tese foi analisar essa relação entre industrialização e desenvolvimento econômico e os limites das políticas públicas regionais nesse processo. Em especial, como ocorreu em escala regional no Estado de São Paulo e, sobretudo, no Vale do Paraíba paulista, após a segunda guerra mundial. A partir do levantamento de séries de informações quantitativas históricas, mesmo limitadas em relação ao desenvolvimento, foi possível concluir que as políticas de desenvolvimento econômico no Vale do Paraíba tiveram êxito em relação ao crescimento econômico, mas falharam em relação ao processo de distribuição espacial da renda, com uma concentração ainda maior depois dessas políticas na década de 1970, por conta da redução do efeito de transbordamento para as demais áreas vizinhas. Observou-se também ineficácia dos modelos de desenvolvimento regional reduzindo o efeito multiplicador dos investimentos, como o ocorrido no Vale do Paraíba paulista, onde a industrialização ficou limitada a uma microrregião. As limitações dos indicadores sociais não permitem fazer uma análise mais aprofundada do desenvolvimento econômico resultante da industrialização na região. Conclui-se, portanto, que há necessidade de serem incluídas novas variáveis na busca qualitativa que ultrapassem a barreira econômica já que entendemos que o desenvolvimento econômico envolve variáveis, além das econômicas. A política de desenvolvimento regional deve ser repensada e reclassificada em outras categorias como as realizações feitas com os recursos disponíveis na busca da melhores condições de vida, o estabelecimento de valores conforme a cultura local, nas relações sociais entre os indivíduos da região e, principalmente, a busca dos valores além dos econômicos. Não precisamos de modelos econométricos de desenvolvimento econômico regional, mas de ações que favoreçam as políticas endógenas nesse mundo econômico cada vez mais global e com responsabilidades sociais locais. / In the capitalism economic history the search for the economic development was always associated with industrialization. The countries that made the first and the second industrial revolution are those considered developed and this kind of industrialization becomes the great search of the developing countries that obtained success in century XX, including Brazil. However, with internationalization of the production and the great technological innovation, the industrialization did not solve the problem of underdevelopment. The economic productivity did not result in social efficiency. This thesis wanted to analyze the relation between industrialization and economic development and the limits of the regional public politics in this process, especially what happened in the region of Vale do Paraíba in São Paulo state after the Second World War. Analysing the series of historical quantitative information, limited in respect to development, it was possible to conclude that the politics of economic development in Vale do Paraíba succeeded in relation to the economic growth, but failed in the process of space distribution of the income, with your great concentration after these politics on 70s, due to the reduction of the spillover on the other neighbouring areas. The inefficacy of the models of regional development was also remarked, because it reduced the multiplier effect of the investments, as occurred in Vale do Paraíba, where industrialization was limited to a few towns. The precariousness of the social statistics does not allow making a deep analysis of economic development resulted of the industrialization in the region. So, it concludes that it is necessary to include new variables in the search for quality that exceeds the economic barrier, understanding that the economic development involves such variables. The politics of regional development must be reconsidered and be reclassified in other categories as the accomplishments made with the available resources in the search of the best conditions of life, in agreement with the establishment of values according to local culture, in the social relations between the individuals of the region, and mainly the search of the values beyond the economic ones. It needs not econometrical models of regional economic development, but actions that favours the endogenous politics in this economic world more and more global and with local social responsibilities.

The Golden Gate Bridge, and the surrounding national parks, are one of the most iconic tourist destinations in the world. Although this area is idyllic in many ways, its underlying governmental set-up creates traffic problems on the US-101 highway that angers tourists and commuters alike. One piece of land that exacerbates the increasing congestion on this section of US-101 is the Vista Point parking lot that is just North of the Golden Gate Bridge. This parking lot’s entrance is just off of the Northbound side of US-101, and during summer and holiday weekends cars will queue onto the freeway completely stopping the right-most lane. Vista Point presents a complex traffic problem to solve because of the multiple layers of overlapping governmental jurisdictions that actually govern this parking lot. Research for this thesis consists of 16 personal interviews with stakeholders involved in solving this congestion issue, and relevant studies and background information on all the political actors interviewed. This research results in an exploration of how these agencies work together to communally solve a traffic issue, and where disconnects occur during the overall planning process of Vista Point.

This Final paper describes the goals of the structural funds and the conditions of their use.It also deals with their applicability in practise and suggests the project on tourist trade for the town Poprad.

Before the Swedish election 2022 SVT presented surveys that showed that the voters are poorly informed about the regional responsibility for the Swedish healthcare system. The regions have certain mandatory and voluntary duties. The purpose of the study is to examine what knowledge students have about the decision making areas that the regional politicians have in Region Västerbotten The study also examine whether there are any variations between the students depending on their background. These different backgrounds are gender, educational orientation and political dedication. The study is a quantitative survey carried out by students with varying study orientations at Umeå University. The results of the survey present the political knowledge that the students have. The result is then analyzed with the issue public model, a theory that knowledge varies depending on interest and group affiliation. The study finds that there are knowledge differences between the students depending on gender, educational orientation and political dedication. The greatest variation regarding political knowledge was found between individuals depending on the political dedication. Interpretation of this result is that political knowledge varies depending on political interest and group affiliation.

Alors que depuis le début de la décentralisation les ressources des Régions avaient considérablement augmenté, elles se heurtent depuis quelques années (2008-2010) à une situation de contrainte budgétaire. La réforme dite de la taxe professionnelle de 2010 ralentit le dynamisme des recettes fiscales régionales et supprime la quasi-totalité du pouvoir de taux des élus régionaux. Les dotations de l’État, après avoir été gelées en valeur, se réduisent à travers les « pactes » successifs (de stabilité, de responsabilité et de croissance) introduits par différents gouvernements. En parallèle, les transferts de compétences du début des années 2000 (transport ferroviaire et acte 2 de la décentralisation) engendrent des charges croissantes qui rigidifient les budgets des Régions. Nous cherchons, dans ce travail de recherche, à comprendre les causes de ces transformations et à tenter de qualifier les changements qui affectent les ressources des Régions. Nous tentons de déterminer si l’on assiste à une financiarisation grandissante des politiques régionales ou si, au contraire, des capacités politiques demeurent pour les élus régionaux. En nous appuyant sur une analyse comparative entre trois Régions (Limousin, Alsace et Nord-Pas-de-Calais), et en observant les recompositions qui se produisent au sein des institutions régionales, nous proposons de saisir la manière dont le couple politique-finance évolue dans une situation de contrainte financière inédite. / For some years (2008-2010), territorial authorities have been facing a drastic decrease in their resources. The local business tax reform in 2010 has slowed down the dynamism of tax revenues. The regional political representatives no longer have the ability to determine the tax rate. The funds allocated by the State, after having first experienced a freeze in their value, are now reduced as a consequence of successive « stability », « responsibility » and "growth" pacts introduced by different governments. In parallel, the transfers of competences at the beginning of the 2000’s (rail transport and the second act of decentralization) are causing increasingly rigid financial charges for the Regions. Our research aims to understand the causes of these transformations and to qualify the changes that are impacting regional resources. It seeks to determine if there is a growing financialisation of regional politics or if, on the contrary, there is still some local political control despite budgetary constraint. Through a comparative analysis of three Regions (Limousin, Alsace and Nord-Pas-de-Calais), and based on the observation of the reorganization that is happening within regional institutions, our thesis envisages to understand how the political / financial duo evolves in a framework of unprecedented budget constraint.

The thesis focuses on the problematic of Regional politics not only on the EU level, but also on the level of Czech Republic. There are mentioned the main characteristics of its tools and targets. Also are characterized the Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) and mentioned their importance for the region. Mentioned are even the clusters thanks to their specifics and importance. They actually work as a special organizational form of SME. Based on data on the financial resources from the structural funds that were given to entrepreneurial subjects and on data on the individual region, they were made various comparing analysis. The main task of this thesis is to prove that support of SME's, particularly in the form of EU and Nationally provided financial resources from the various programs, has a positive impact on the structural growth of the regions economic potential.

The diploma thesis is divided into two basic parts. The first part focuses on the theoretical overview and explanation of basic concepts related to the issue of regional development, regional politics and development strategies. The second practical part focuses on the characteristics of the South – Moravian Region and focuses on competitiveness issues, calculates on the basic of statistical variables and is supplemented by SWOT analysis and identification of impacts that have an impact on the proposed regional development.

The thesis deals with cross-border cooperation and the influence of socio-economic development of this cooperation. The aim of the thesis is to assess the socio-economic development situation, determining the causes of decline and its persistence in the border regions. The work is divided into two main parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part deals with regional policy, cross-border cooperation and cross-border cooperation tools. The practical part deals with socio-economic and SWOT analysis of the South Region.

Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the implementation process and the implementation steering of the social development aspects, gender equality and integration, in the program for regional development of the region Kronoberg in the period of 2004-2007. The study asks three questions: 1) How have the social development aspects, gender equality and integration, been implemented in the program for regional development of the region Kronoberg? 2) What has facilitated or hindered the implementation of the two social development aspects? 3) What possibilities to steer the implementation process of the two social development aspects exist at the governmental and at the regional level? In order to answer these questions a qualitative method has been used. To be able to analyse the empirical material, which consists of documents and interviews, the theoretical framework comprehends the policy process and implementation steering. The conclusion is that the incorporation of the social development aspects in the regional development program does not fully correspond with the central intentions, and that is due to circumstances at the regional level.