No description available.

Univ., Diss., 2006--Frankfurt (Main)

Les maladies auto-immunes sont dues à une rupture de la tolérance au soi et donc à un dysfonctionnement du système immunitaire. La protéine auto-immune regulator (Aire) est un régulateur de la transcription exprimé par les cellules épithéliales medullaires thymiques (mTEC) qui joue un rôle très important dans la tolérance centrale en régulant l’expression d’antigènes spécifiques de tissus (TSA) et ainsi la sélection négative des lymphocytes T immatures présentant un TCR de haute affinité pour un auto-antigène. Cependant, le rôle de Aire dans la sélection et la fonction des lymphocytes T régulateurs (Tregs) reste controversé. Nous avons généré un modèle de rats déficients pour Aire en utilisant la technologie des ZFN. En effet, nous avons pu mettre en évidence l’expression chez le rat, tout comme chez l’Homme, de Aire au niveau du messager mais aussi de la protéine dans le thymus et en périphérie. Nous avons décrit que ces rats présentent de forts symptômes auto-immuns comme l’alopécie, le vitiligo et l’ongulo-dystrophie, mais également des lésions histologiques importantes et de nombreux auto-anticorps circulant dans le sérum contre de nombreux organes. Nous avons également pu mettre en évidence un défaut de fonction des Tregs CD4+CD25hiCD127low in vivo dans un modèle de wasting disease mais pas de défaut des TregsCD8+CD45RClow. / Autoimmune diseases are due to a break in selftolerance and to a dysfunction of the immune system. The autoimmune regulator protein (Aire) is a transcription regulator expressed by medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTEC). It is playing an important role in central tolerance by the negative selection of highly specific autoreactive T cells through the expression of tissue-specific antigens (TSA). However, the role of Aire in regulatory T cell selection remains unclear and controversial. We generated a model of Aire-deficient rat using the zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) technology. Indeed, we highlighted the same pattern of expression of Aire between rat and human in the thymus as well as in the periphery. We showed that Aire-deficient rats display strong auto-immune symptoms such as alopecia, vitiligo or nail dystrophy but also strong histological lesions and numerous circulating autoantibodies targeting numerous organs. We also evidenced a defect, in vivo, in a model of wasting disease, in the function of CD4+CD25hiCD127low Tregs but not CD8+CD45RClow.

Studies were conducted in small-plot and onarm environments in Mississippi in 2018 and 2019 to determine the effect of prohexadione calcium growth regulator on the growth and yield of peanut [Arachis hypogaea (L.)]. Onarm trials conducted in 2018 and 2019 concluded that in situations where the application of prohexadione calcium increased yield, variation in application rate had no effect on yield. Yields of peanut where any rate of prohexadione calcium was applied were 415 kg ha-1 greater than yields of peanut where prohexadione calcium were not applied. The addition of other agrichemicals had no effect on the efficacy of prohexadione calcium. Small-plot research in 2019 concluded that no rate variation had any effect on the growth or yield of peanut, and also concluded that alternative application timing methods had no effect on yield or growth of peanut.

No / The regulation of linearized multivariable system models, following input set point and load disturbance changes, is considered. An inner and outer closed-loop control strategy is outlined, enabling targeted recovery rates, offset attenuation and low steady state interaction to be achieved. Proportional control and passive network compensation alone are employed. Gain ratio selection and outer loop tuning are exercised, ensuring thereby the confinement of output perturbations to low-frequency load disturbances and reference input changes. Application studies are presented for purposes of comparison.

While high power buck-boost regulators have been extensively researched and developed in the academia and industry, low power counterparts have only recently gained momentum due to the advent of different battery powered and remote electronics. The application life-time of such applications, e.g., remote surveillance electronics can be extended tremendously by enabling energy autonomy. While battery powered electronics last long but they must be replenished once the battery is depleted either by replacing the battery or by retrieving the electronics and then recharging. Instead, energy harvesting from available ambient sources on the spot will enable these electronics continuous operation unboundedly, probably even beyond the lifetime of the electronics. Interestingly enough, recent advancements in micro-scale energy transducers compliment these demand [1-13]. Micro-transducers producing energy from different ambient sources have been reported. These transducers produce enough energy to support a wide range of operations of the remote electronics concurrently. These transducers along with an additional storage elements greatly increase the energy autonomy as well as guaranteed operation since harvested energy can then be stored for future use when harvestable energy is temporarily unavailable. Recently several buck-boost regulators with low power and low input operating voltage have been reported both from academia and industry [14-24]. Some of this work focuses on increasing efficiency in the mid-load range (10mA-100mA), while some other focuses on lowering input range. However, so far no one has reported a buck-boost regulator operating with sub-200nW bias power while harvesting energy from sub-500mV input range. This work focuses on the development of a low voltage low bias current buckboost regulator to attain these goals. In this work, complete design of a PFM mode buck-boost regulator has been discussed in details. Basic topology of the regulator and working principle of the implemented architecture along with the advantages of the specific topology over that of the others have been discussed in short to provide an uninterrupted flow of idea. Later, Transistor level design of the basic building blocks of the buck-boost regulator is discussed in details with different design features and how those are attained through transistor level implementation are discussed. Subsequently, the physical layout design technique and considerations are discussed to inform the reader about the importance of the layout process and to avoid pitfalls of design failure due to layout quality issues. Measurement results are presented with the fabricated IC. Different characterization profile of the IC have been discussed with measured data and capture oscilloscope waveforms. Load regulation, line regulation, efficiency, start-up from low voltage, regulation with line and load transient events are measured, presented and discussed. Different characteristics of the prototype are compared with prior arts and are presented in a comparison table. Die micrograph is also presented along with the different issue of the IC testing

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No description available.

No description available.

Die fast vollständig zerlegbaren Gruppen bilden eine Teilklasse der Butlergruppen. Das Konzept des Regulators, d.h. der Durchschnitt aller regulierenden Untergruppen, ist unverzichtbar für fast vollständig zerlegbare Gruppen. Dieses Konzept lässt sich in natürlicher Weise auf die ganze Klasse der Butlergruppen fortsetzen. Allerdings lässt sich die Regulatorbildung im allgemeineren Fall der Butlergruppen a priori iterieren. Damit stellt sich erst einmal die Frage, ob es überhaupt Butlergruppen gibt mit Regulatorketten, der Länge größer als 1. Ein erstes Beispiel der Länge 2 wurde 1997 von Lehrmann und Mutzbauer konstruiert. In dieser Dissertation wurden mit konzeptionell neuen Techniken Butlergruppen mit beliebiger vorgegebener endlicher Kettenlänge angegeben. Grundsätzliche Schwierigkeiten bei diesem Unterfangen resultieren aus dem Fehlen, bzw. der Unmöglichkeit, einer kanonischen Darstellung von Butlergruppen. Man verwendet die allseits gebrauchte Summendarstellung für Butlergruppen. Genau an dieser Stelle bedarf es völlig neuer Methoden, verglichen mit den fast vollständig zerlegbaren Gruppen mit ihrer kanonischen Regulatordarstellung. Alle Teilaufgaben bei der anstehenden Konstruktion von Butlergruppen, die für fast vollständig zerlegbare Gruppen Standard sind, werden hierbei problematisch, u.a. die Bildung reiner Hüllen, die Bestimmung regulierender Untergruppen und die Regulatorbildung. / The almost completely decomposable groups form a subclass of the Butler groups. The concept of a regulator, i. e., the intersection of all regulating subgroups, is inevitable for almost completely decomposable groups. This concept can be transferred and continued to the whole class of Butler groups in a natural way. However, forming the regulator for Butler groups usually allows proper iteration. Thus, the primary question is, if there are any Butler groups at all with longer regulator chains, the length longer than 1. A first example of length 2 was constructed by Lehrmann and Mutzbauer in 1997. In this doctoral dissertation Butler groups were constructed of an arbitrarily given finite chain length, using conceptually new techniques. Basic difficulties resulted from the lack, or respectively, the impossibility, of any canonical descriptions of Butler groups. Usually Butler groups are given by the so called sum representation. Precisely here completely new methods are necessary to be applied, compared with the almost completely decomposable groups and their canonical regulator representation. All detailed tasks for the indicated construction of Butler groups, which are standard for almost completely decomposable groups, become problematic, among other things the forming of pure hulls, the determination of regulating subgroups, and the construction of the regulator.