This study proceeds from the assumption that art as a creative modality, is capable of deepening the individual's awareness of the self and the manner in which he communicates and forms relationships with his self as well as with significant others. This assumption is supported by references to personality theory which is essentially client-centred in origin. The study describes and assesses the value of art as a therapy for the emotionally troubled adolescent, focusing on the process rather than the product. The results would indicate that art is therapeutic as the cathartic experience allows the graphic image to speak in symbolic language for the client, allowing the therapist to observe the client's psychic relationships and his coming to terms with his self. / Psychology of Education / M.Ed. (Psychology of Education)

This study proceeds from the assumption that art as a creative modality, is capable of deepening the individual's awareness of the self and the manner in which he communicates and forms relationships with his self as well as with significant others. This assumption is supported by references to personality theory which is essentially client-centred in origin. The study describes and assesses the value of art as a therapy for the emotionally troubled adolescent, focusing on the process rather than the product. The results would indicate that art is therapeutic as the cathartic experience allows the graphic image to speak in symbolic language for the client, allowing the therapist to observe the client's psychic relationships and his coming to terms with his self. / Psychology of Education / M.Ed. (Psychology of Education)

Summaries in English and Afrikaans / Text in English / Children with learning disabilities often exhibit emotional problems. Conversely, children experiencing emotional upsets cannot achieve scholastically. The exact nature of the relationship is difficult to elucidate. Most aid programmes deal with one aspect of the problem, placing little or no emphasis on the child in totality. This study focuses on the learning disabled child as a whole from a relation theory perspective. The aim is to ascertain how the child's difficulties affect his relation structures. Once the interaction between the relation structures had been established a programme was devised to assist the child emotionally and scholastically. Play therapy has proved one of the most successful methods of child psychotherapy. This study attempts to incorporate the essential elements of play therapy into a remedial programme. It was found that the children benefitted from both components of the programme and that it had a positive influence on their relation structures / Kinders met leerprobleme toon dikwels ook emosionele probleme. Omgekeerd kan kinders met emosionele versteurings dikwels nie skolasties presteer nie. Die presiese aard van hierdie verwantskap is nie duidelik nie. Die meerderheid hulpprogramme fokus op enkele aspekte van die probleem, ,met min of geen klem op die kind·in-totaliteit nie. Hierdie studie is daarop gerig om die leergestremde kind vanuit die relasieteorie waar te neem en van hulp te wees. Die doel is om te bepaal hoe die kind se probleme sy relasies be"invloed. Nadat die interaksie vasgestel is, is 'n hulpprogram ontwerp om emosionele sowel as skolastiese hulp te verleen. Spelterapie. blyk een van die mees geslaagde metodes in kinderpsigoterapie te wees. Die studie poog om die essensiele elemente van spelterapie by 'n remedierende hulpprogram in te sluit. Daar is bevind dat die proefpersone by hierdie program gebaat het en dat hulle relasies positief be"invloed is. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (with specialisation in Guidance and Counselling)

Summaries in English and Afrikaans / Text in English / Children with learning disabilities often exhibit emotional problems. Conversely, children experiencing emotional upsets cannot achieve scholastically. The exact nature of the relationship is difficult to elucidate. Most aid programmes deal with one aspect of the problem, placing little or no emphasis on the child in totality. This study focuses on the learning disabled child as a whole from a relation theory perspective. The aim is to ascertain how the child's difficulties affect his relation structures. Once the interaction between the relation structures had been established a programme was devised to assist the child emotionally and scholastically. Play therapy has proved one of the most successful methods of child psychotherapy. This study attempts to incorporate the essential elements of play therapy into a remedial programme. It was found that the children benefitted from both components of the programme and that it had a positive influence on their relation structures / Kinders met leerprobleme toon dikwels ook emosionele probleme. Omgekeerd kan kinders met emosionele versteurings dikwels nie skolasties presteer nie. Die presiese aard van hierdie verwantskap is nie duidelik nie. Die meerderheid hulpprogramme fokus op enkele aspekte van die probleem, ,met min of geen klem op die kind·in-totaliteit nie. Hierdie studie is daarop gerig om die leergestremde kind vanuit die relasieteorie waar te neem en van hulp te wees. Die doel is om te bepaal hoe die kind se probleme sy relasies be"invloed. Nadat die interaksie vasgestel is, is 'n hulpprogram ontwerp om emosionele sowel as skolastiese hulp te verleen. Spelterapie. blyk een van die mees geslaagde metodes in kinderpsigoterapie te wees. Die studie poog om die essensiele elemente van spelterapie by 'n remedierende hulpprogram in te sluit. Daar is bevind dat die proefpersone by hierdie program gebaat het en dat hulle relasies positief be"invloed is. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (with specialisation in Guidance and Counselling)

Summaries in Afrikaans and Engish / There is at present a lack of consensus in the Educational Psychological domain to a universal point of departure of a uniform approach for Educational Psychologists. Educational Psychologists have become increasingly aware that the therapy and theories that they use for diagnoses and therapy are not based on educational theories. They frequently fall back on existing psychological schools of thought with the result that very few of the educational theories feature there in. The purpose of this dissertation is therefore: • To devise an accountable educational psychological theory which will lead to the integrating of psychological and educational insights. • To devise diagnostic and research models to create an accountable design in practice. • To utilize the essence of educational psychology educational psychologists for diagnoses and therapy. / Daar bestaan tans in die Opvoedkundige Sielkundige vakgebied 'n gebrek aan konsensus ten opsigte van 'n gemeenskaplike vertrekpunt vir 'n eenheidsbenadering vir opvoedkundige sielkundiges. Opvoedkundige sielkundiges het toenemend daarvan bewus geword dat die terapie en teoriee wat hulle gebruik vir diagnose en terapie nie gebaseer is op opvoedkundige teoriee nie, maar gewoonlik terugval op bestaande sielkundige skole en denkrigtings met die gevolg dat baie min van die opvoedkundige teoriee daarin voorkom. Die doel van die proefskrif is gevolglik om: • 'n Verantwoordbare opvoedkundige sielkundige teorie: "Die Relasieterapieteorie" daar te stel wat sal lei tot die integrering van sielkundige- en opvoedkundige insigte. • Diagnoserings- en navorsingsmodelle daar te stel ten einde 'n verantwoordbare praktykontwerp te skep. • Die Relasieterapieteorie in praktyk te veroperasionaliseer om die opvoedkundige sielkundige essensies in die praktyk in te dra en aan opvoedkundige sielkundiges 'n gemeenskaplike vertrekpunt te gee vir diagnose en terapie. / Psychology of Education / D.Ed. (Sielkundige Opvoedkunde)

Summaries in Afrikaans and Engish / There is at present a lack of consensus in the Educational Psychological domain to a universal point of departure of a uniform approach for Educational Psychologists. Educational Psychologists have become increasingly aware that the therapy and theories that they use for diagnoses and therapy are not based on educational theories. They frequently fall back on existing psychological schools of thought with the result that very few of the educational theories feature there in. The purpose of this dissertation is therefore: • To devise an accountable educational psychological theory which will lead to the integrating of psychological and educational insights. • To devise diagnostic and research models to create an accountable design in practice. • To utilize the essence of educational psychology educational psychologists for diagnoses and therapy. / Daar bestaan tans in die Opvoedkundige Sielkundige vakgebied 'n gebrek aan konsensus ten opsigte van 'n gemeenskaplike vertrekpunt vir 'n eenheidsbenadering vir opvoedkundige sielkundiges. Opvoedkundige sielkundiges het toenemend daarvan bewus geword dat die terapie en teoriee wat hulle gebruik vir diagnose en terapie nie gebaseer is op opvoedkundige teoriee nie, maar gewoonlik terugval op bestaande sielkundige skole en denkrigtings met die gevolg dat baie min van die opvoedkundige teoriee daarin voorkom. Die doel van die proefskrif is gevolglik om: • 'n Verantwoordbare opvoedkundige sielkundige teorie: "Die Relasieterapieteorie" daar te stel wat sal lei tot die integrering van sielkundige- en opvoedkundige insigte. • Diagnoserings- en navorsingsmodelle daar te stel ten einde 'n verantwoordbare praktykontwerp te skep. • Die Relasieterapieteorie in praktyk te veroperasionaliseer om die opvoedkundige sielkundige essensies in die praktyk in te dra en aan opvoedkundige sielkundiges 'n gemeenskaplike vertrekpunt te gee vir diagnose en terapie. / Psychology of Education / D.Ed. (Sielkundige Opvoedkunde)

Text in Afrikaans / Die doel van hierdie ondersoek was om: 1. Die struikelblokke wat in terapie binne verskillende kulture voorkom, te ontleed. 2. Verskillende Westerse en nie-Westerse terapeutiese benaderings se toepassing op multikulturele terapie te ontleed. 3. Bestaande riglyne en modelle vir multikulturele terapie daar te stel, ten einde 'n model vir relasieterapie te ontwerp. 4. Ondersoek in te st el na die doeltreffendheid van relasieterapie op kliente uit verskillende kulture. Daar is 'n idiografiese model vir Opvoedkundige-Sielkundige terapie binne verskillende kulture ontwerp. Die model is enersyds gebaseer op 'n Iiteratuurstudie en andersyds op die beginsels van relasieterapie as Opvoedkundige-Sielkundige benadering. Die resultate het die volgende getoon: 1. Hindernisse in Opvoedkundige-Sielkundige terapie met persone uit verskillende kulture kan oorbrug word. 2. V erkryging van kulturele kennis oor die klient asook selfondersoek deur die terapeut vergemaklik multikulturele Opvoedkundige-Sielkundige terapie. 3. Aan die hand van die model vir relasieterapie binne verskillende kulture kan doeltreffende multikulturele terapie uitgevoer word. 4. Die model bied riglyne vir terapie binne verskillende kulture. / The purpose of this investigation was: 1. To analyse impediments appearing in therapy within different cultures. 2. To analyse the application of different Western and non-Western therapeutic approaches on multicultural therapy. 3. To bring about existing guidelines and models for multicultural therapy, in order to design a model for relation therapy. 4. To examine the effectiveness of relation therapy on clients from different cultures. A model was designed for multicultural Educational Psychological therapy. The model is based on a study of literature as well as the principles of relation therapy as an Educational Psychological perspective. The results have shown the following: 1. Obstacles in educational psychological therapy with persons from different cultures can be bridged. 2. Attainment of cultural knowledge of the client as well as introspection by the therapist facilitate multicultural educational psychological therapy. 3 . The model for relation therapy within different cultures can be utilised effectively for therapy 4. The model offers guidelines for multicultural therapy. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Voorligting)

Text in Afrikaans / Die doel van hierdie ondersoek was om: 1. Die struikelblokke wat in terapie binne verskillende kulture voorkom, te ontleed. 2. Verskillende Westerse en nie-Westerse terapeutiese benaderings se toepassing op multikulturele terapie te ontleed. 3. Bestaande riglyne en modelle vir multikulturele terapie daar te stel, ten einde 'n model vir relasieterapie te ontwerp. 4. Ondersoek in te st el na die doeltreffendheid van relasieterapie op kliente uit verskillende kulture. Daar is 'n idiografiese model vir Opvoedkundige-Sielkundige terapie binne verskillende kulture ontwerp. Die model is enersyds gebaseer op 'n Iiteratuurstudie en andersyds op die beginsels van relasieterapie as Opvoedkundige-Sielkundige benadering. Die resultate het die volgende getoon: 1. Hindernisse in Opvoedkundige-Sielkundige terapie met persone uit verskillende kulture kan oorbrug word. 2. V erkryging van kulturele kennis oor die klient asook selfondersoek deur die terapeut vergemaklik multikulturele Opvoedkundige-Sielkundige terapie. 3. Aan die hand van die model vir relasieterapie binne verskillende kulture kan doeltreffende multikulturele terapie uitgevoer word. 4. Die model bied riglyne vir terapie binne verskillende kulture. / The purpose of this investigation was: 1. To analyse impediments appearing in therapy within different cultures. 2. To analyse the application of different Western and non-Western therapeutic approaches on multicultural therapy. 3. To bring about existing guidelines and models for multicultural therapy, in order to design a model for relation therapy. 4. To examine the effectiveness of relation therapy on clients from different cultures. A model was designed for multicultural Educational Psychological therapy. The model is based on a study of literature as well as the principles of relation therapy as an Educational Psychological perspective. The results have shown the following: 1. Obstacles in educational psychological therapy with persons from different cultures can be bridged. 2. Attainment of cultural knowledge of the client as well as introspection by the therapist facilitate multicultural educational psychological therapy. 3 . The model for relation therapy within different cultures can be utilised effectively for therapy 4. The model offers guidelines for multicultural therapy. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Voorligting)

Text in Afrikaans / Skeidingsangs is 'n angsversteuring by kinders weens die onvermoe om van die moeder te skei. Skeidingsangs is by die meeste jong kinders 'n realiteit wanneer hulle van hul moeders geskei word. Die intensiteit van die angservaring van die kind by skeiding word meestal onderskat. Skeidingsangs manifesteer by skooltoetrede. Dit is die kind se eerste formele toetrede tot die leefwereld waar eise aan horn gestel word. Skeidingsangs het 'n negatiewe invloed op die kind se totale leefwereld, sy relasies, skolastiese funksionering en sosiale verhoudinge. Vir die doel van hierdie navorsing word daar gefokus op die junior-primere leerling (Sub A tot Standerd een). Daar is geen differensiasie ten opsigte van geslag nie. 'n Diagnoseringslys, die idiografiese navorsings- en diagnoseringsmodel en pedoterapieprogram (Jacobs: 1980, 1981) is gebruik vir diagnose en terapie van skeidingsangs. Die effektiwiteit en bruikbaarheid van die terapeutiese tegnieke en riglyne vir die ko-terapeute is empiries getoets vanuit 'n sielkundig opvoedkundige perspektief. / Separation anxiety is an anxiety disorder in children as a result of their inability to separate from their mothers. The intensity of the anxiety experience in the child is generally underestimated. Separation anxiety manifests itself when the child enters school. This experience presents in the child's formal entry into the field of experience where personal individual demands are made. Separation anxiety presents a negative influence on the total field of experience, his relations to it, encompassing scholastic functioning and social relationships. The research is focused on the junior primary pupil (Sub A up to Stan de rd 1). There is no differentiation regarding sex. A list of diagnosis, the idiographic research and diagnostic model, and the pedotherapy programme (Jacobs: 1980, · 1981) are all used, to diagnose separation anxiety and for the treatment of this condition. The effectiveness and usefulness of these therapeutic techniques and guidelines for the co-therapists were empirically tested from a psychological educational point of view. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Voorligting)

Text in Afrikaans / Skeidingsangs is 'n angsversteuring by kinders weens die onvermoe om van die moeder te skei. Skeidingsangs is by die meeste jong kinders 'n realiteit wanneer hulle van hul moeders geskei word. Die intensiteit van die angservaring van die kind by skeiding word meestal onderskat. Skeidingsangs manifesteer by skooltoetrede. Dit is die kind se eerste formele toetrede tot die leefwereld waar eise aan horn gestel word. Skeidingsangs het 'n negatiewe invloed op die kind se totale leefwereld, sy relasies, skolastiese funksionering en sosiale verhoudinge. Vir die doel van hierdie navorsing word daar gefokus op die junior-primere leerling (Sub A tot Standerd een). Daar is geen differensiasie ten opsigte van geslag nie. 'n Diagnoseringslys, die idiografiese navorsings- en diagnoseringsmodel en pedoterapieprogram (Jacobs: 1980, 1981) is gebruik vir diagnose en terapie van skeidingsangs. Die effektiwiteit en bruikbaarheid van die terapeutiese tegnieke en riglyne vir die ko-terapeute is empiries getoets vanuit 'n sielkundig opvoedkundige perspektief. / Separation anxiety is an anxiety disorder in children as a result of their inability to separate from their mothers. The intensity of the anxiety experience in the child is generally underestimated. Separation anxiety manifests itself when the child enters school. This experience presents in the child's formal entry into the field of experience where personal individual demands are made. Separation anxiety presents a negative influence on the total field of experience, his relations to it, encompassing scholastic functioning and social relationships. The research is focused on the junior primary pupil (Sub A up to Stan de rd 1). There is no differentiation regarding sex. A list of diagnosis, the idiographic research and diagnostic model, and the pedotherapy programme (Jacobs: 1980, · 1981) are all used, to diagnose separation anxiety and for the treatment of this condition. The effectiveness and usefulness of these therapeutic techniques and guidelines for the co-therapists were empirically tested from a psychological educational point of view. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Voorligting)