In the present study / the effects of the powder metallurgical parameters such as the mixing method, compaction pressure, initial tungsten (W) particle size, composition, sintering temperature and sintering time on the sintering behavior of selected high density W-Ni-Cu alloys were investigated. The alloys were produced through conventional powder metallurgy route of mixing, cold compaction and sintering. The total solute (Ni-Cu) content in the produced alloys was kept constant at 10 wt%, while the copper concentration of the solutes was varied from 2.5 wt% to 10 wt%. Mainly liquid phase sintering method was applied in the production of the alloys. The results of the study were based on the density measurements, microstructural characterizations including optical and scanning electron microscopy and mechanical characterizations including hardness measurements. The results showed that the nature of the mixing method applied in the preparation of the powder mixtures has a considerable effect on the final sintered state of W-Ni-Cu alloys. Within the experimental limits of the study, the compaction v pressure and initial W particle size did not seem to affect the densification behavior. It was found that the sintering behavior of W-Ni-Cu alloys investigated in this study was essentially dominated by the Ni content in the alloy and the sintering temperature. A high degree of densification was observed in these alloys with an increase in the Ni content and sintering temperature which was suggested to be due to an increase in the solubility and diffusivity of W in the binder matrix phase with an increase in these parameters, leading to an increase in the overall sintering kinetics. Based on the results obtained in the present study, a model explaining the kinetics of the diffusional processes governing the densification and coarsening behavior of W-Ni-Cu alloys was proposed.

This diploma thesis deals with processing of high strength aluminum alloy EN AW 7075 by Selective Laser Melting and verify the influence of process parameters on relative density and mechanical properties. The theoretical part contains an introduction to additive manufacturing of aluminum alloys, the influence of process parameters and description of processes occuring during SLM production. Based on the theoretical part were prepared experiments and method of evaluation. Samples were produced by melting metallurgical powder using ytterbium laser with a maximum output power of 400 W. This diploma thesis also describes the formation and growth of cracks inside the material, which so far in the literature for alloy EN AW 7075 were not described. As the result, the process parameters dependence on the relative density and an overview of this aluminum alloy processing by SLM technology is determined.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:53:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 303718 bytes, checksum: c412de37bbb6866db1860ada35e46e62 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-23 / The understanding and quantification of the impact of use and management of soil in its physical quality, in relation to prevention of compaction, are fundamentals in the development of sustainable agricultural systems. The objective of this work was performed with sample of a clayey Red Latosol and clayey Red Yellow Latosol, estimating hydraulic conductivity in saturated medium, macro and micro porosity in response to the index of compaction (IC) defined by the relation between the bulk density and the maximum density determined by test of Proctor. Also quantify the resistance of penetration, in response to IC and water potential of the soil and calculate the optimum hydric interval (OHI) seeking its utilization as indicator of physical quality of the soil. The OHI is an area limited by four dependent variables related to bulk density such as: aeration porosity, water content determined on volumetric bases -100 hPa and -15.000 hPa and the water content on volumetric bases permitting to maintain the resistance of the penetration in a pre-fixed value. The experimental unit were cylinders of soil artificially compacted to attained IC with in interval of 0.70 to 1.00. The resistance of the penetration was determined, additionally, in the interval limited by extreme potentials of -60 and -15.000 hPa. The results of the experiment permitted to conclude that: a) the hydraulic conductivity and macro porosity were reduced with the increment of IC and the increment of micro porosity is lower than the reduction of macro porosity in response to the compaction; b) the resistance of penetration increases with the increment of the compaction. It also increases with water potential of the soil decreases. The LVA with high water content in the working potential, reached to lower values of resistance of penetration and the difference is less accentuated, in response to the potential, as that of the LV; c) the determination of OHI is important to decrease the loss of productivity due to compaction, to establish limit of restriction in aeration of root system and the resistance of soil in the growth of roots; d) the convergence of results is indicator of the importance of using relative values, such as IC, in the comparison of soil characteristics, since the absolute value showed high divergence; e) IC in the range of 0.70 to 0.85 did not give restriction in the growth of the plants. High values indicated, initially restriction in the aeration of soil and when the range of 0.95 to 1.00, ending root growth due to resistance of penetration. / A compreensão e a quantificação do impacto do uso e manejo do solo na sua qualidade física, como a prevenção da compactação, são fundamentais no desenvolvimento de sistemas agrícolas sustentáveis. Foram objetivos deste trabalho, realizado com amostras de um Latossolo Vermelho argiloso e um Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo muito argiloso, quantificar a condutividade hidráulica em meio saturado, a macro e a microporosidade em resposta ao índice de compactação (IC), definido pela relação entre a densidade do solo e a densidade máxima determinada pelo ensaio de Proctor. Também quantificar a resistência à penetração, em resposta ao IC e ao potencial da água do solo, e calcular o intervalo hídrico ótimo (IHO), visando sua utilização como indicador da qualidade física do solo. O IHO é uma área delimitada por relações de quatro variáveis dependentes com a densidade do solo: porosidade de aeração, conteúdo de água base volumétrica determinada a -100 hPa e a -15.000 hPa e conteúdo de água base volumétrica que permite manter a resistência à penetração num valor prefixado i. As unidades experimentais foram cilindros de solo artificialmente compactados para atingir IC no intervalo de 0,70 a 1,00. A resistência à penetração foi determinada, adicionalmente, no intervalo delimitado pelos potenciais extremos de -60 e -15.000 hPa. Os resultados experimentais permitiram concluir que: a condutividade hidráulica e a macroporosidade são reduzidas com o incremento do IC e o incremento da microporosidade é inferior à diminuição da macroporosidade em resposta à compactação; a resistência à penetração aumenta com o incremento da compactação e a diminuição do potencial da água do solo. O LVA, com maior conteúdo de água nos potenciais de trabalho, apresentou menores valores de resistência à penetração e diferenças menos acentuadas, em resposta ao potencial, que o LV; a determinação do IHO é complemento adequado para diminuir perdas de produtividade em resposta à compactação, por estabelecer limites de restrição à aeração do sistema radicular e de resistência do solo ao crescimento das raízes; a convergência de resultados é indicativa da importância do uso de valores relativos, como o IC, na comparação de características de solos, em que os valores absolutos apresentam acentuada divergência; o IC na faixa de 0,70 a 0,85 não oferece restrições ao crescimento das plantas. Valores superiores indicam, inicialmente, restrições à aeração do solo e, quando na faixa de 0,95 a 1,00, impedimento ao crescimento de raízes pela resistência à penetração.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:53:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 5103558 bytes, checksum: 7beb81d34bd9c08261b2fbcf79b13f7b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-09 / The study of environmental vulnerability to chemicals nowadays is an important tool to make decisions refering to the use, occupation and management of soils and aquifers. In humid tropical systems where the weathered mantle is depth and well developed, the soil reactivity becomes more important than its permeability. In this way, it is being proposed in this work to consider soils vulnerability maps in analysis of final DRASTIC index of aquifer vulnerability. Corrections and improvements were accomplished in the soils vulnerability mapping to heavy metals contamination for the State of Minas Gerais and the aquifers vulnerability mapping were determined using DRASTIC modified by PISCOPO (2001). The mainly changes in the soil vulnerability map were: (1) increasing in registered profiles numbers of 178 for 329 and its latter utilization, generating larger results reliability, (2) changes in the less developed soils analysis methods, like the Leptosols (FAO classification) and (3) unique data base construction of Minas Gerais soils. The results show that soils with high amounts of Fe2O3 presented lowest vulnerabilities. It indicates that this soils oxide fraction were the main responsible for it. These soils concentrate in the south, centre and western of the state in regions called Sul de Minas, Quadrilátero Ferrífero e Triângulo Mineiro . However for aquifers vulnerability, the results show that porous and karts aquifers like Urucuia- Aerado (Cretaceous and Cenozoic), Bauru-Cauiá (Paleozoic) and Bambuí (Proterozoic) systems presented higher vulnerability. In the case of Bambuí aquifer system the results show that areas formed by pelitic and metapelitc rocks possess the lowest vulnerability while areas formed by karts possess the highest vulnerability. The aquifer system Escudo Oriental presented in the east the larger vulnerability due to high recharge associated, the average soils vulnerability to heavy metals contamination and the extremely fractured aquifer media formed by Achean granites and gneisses. In this aquifer system, the smallest vulnerability index were observed in very uneven relief areas, especially Quartizites areas, in Serra do Espinhaço , Serra da da Saudade and Serra da Canastra . The aquifer system Serra-Geral , of the Paleozoic, despite of the extremely fractured basalts, presented the smallest ulnerability index of all state due to extreme soils protection. / O estudo da vulnerabilidade de ambientes à contaminação por compostos químicos apresenta-se hoje como uma importante ferramenta para tomada de decisões referentes ao uso, ocupação e manejo dos solos e aquíferos. Em sistemas tropicais úmidos, onde o manto de intemperismo é profundo e bem desenvolvido, a reatividade do solo torna-se mais importante do que a permeabilidade dos mesmos quando se trata das principais classes taxonômicas de ocorrência. Dessa forma, está sendo proposto nesse trabalho que mapas de vulnerabilidade de solos sejam incorporados na análise do índice final de vulnerabilidade de aqüíferos DRASTIC. Foram realizadas correções e melhoramentos no mapeamento da vulnerabilidade dos solos à contaminação por metais pesados para o estado de Minas Gerais e o mapeamento de vulnerabilidade de aqüíferos à contaminação por esses elementos utilizando o método DRASTIC modificado por PISCOPO (2001). As principais modificações com relação ao mapa de vulnerabilidade dos solos foram: (1) aumento no número de perfis registrados de 178 para 329 e posterior utilização dos mesmos gerando maior confiabilidade nos resultados obtidos, (2) modificação da forma de definição do índice para solos pouco desenvolvidos como os NEOSSOLOS LITÓLICOS e (3) construção de um banco de dados único para os solos do estado de Minas Gerais. Os resultados mostram que solos férricos e perférricos apresentaram menor vulnerabilidade, o que indica que a fração oxídica foi a principal responsável por esse fato. Essas manchas se concentram no sul do estado, triângulo mineiro e quadrilátero ferrífero. Já para vulnerabilidade de aqüíferos, os resultados mostram que aqüíferos porosos e cársticos como os sistemas Urucuia-Aerado (cretáceo e cenozóico), Bauru- Caiuá (paleozóico) e Bambuí (proterozóico) apresentaram maiores vulnerabilidades. No caso do sistema aqüífero Bambuí os resultados mostram que áreas onde materiais pelíticos e metapelíticos são encontrados apresentaram menor vulnerabilidade enquanto que áreas cársticas apresentaram vulnerabilidade elevada. O sistema aqüífero escudo oriental apresentou maiores vulnerabilidades a leste graças à grande recarga associada, à vunerabilidade média dos solos à contaminação por metais pesados e ao meio geológico extremamente fraturado constituído de granitos e gnaisses do Arqueano. Os menores índices de vulnerabilidade nesse sistema aqüífero foram encontrados para regiões com relevo muito acidentado, sobretudo áreas de Quartzito, nas serras do Espinhaço, Canastra e Saudade. Já o sistema qüífero Serra-Geral, de idade Paleozóica, apesar do extremo fraturamento, apresentou junto à grande proteção proporcionada pelos solos que o cobrem os menores índices de vulnerabilidade.

Jan Farkač, Diplomová práce 2018 Abstract Bird species differ in their local densities, which seems to be related to their geographical distribution and species-specific traits. Investigating such a relationship can help us to understand better how the birds inhabit the space. The aims are as follow (i) to take an alternative approach to densities by counting them just in species preferred habitats and (ii) to explain the abundance characteristics such as an absolute density, variation in local densities or occupancy by species-specific traits. The relationship between abundance characteristics (local densities and their coefficient of variation in space) and avian traits such as a habitat specialisation, diet specialisation, PCA of morphological traits, PCA of reproduction traits - as an estimate of slow-fast continuum and a range size were tested using GLM. There are two abundance characteristics significantly related to species specialisation index. I have used the data from the Common Bird Monitoring Program run in the Czech Republic by the Czech Society of Ornithology. Due to the highest amount of records I have selected data from the year 2009 and subsequently species occupying more than 50 transects (out of 129), which resulted in inclusion of 47 species into analyses. This thesis contains...

O baixo consumo de agregados de Resíduos de Construção e Demolição (RCD) deve-se, atualmente, à sua variabilidade natural e à falta de controle de sua qualidade, que limitam sua utilização em aplicações de maiores demandas, tais como concretos. Uma maneira usual de controle de agregados para concretos se dá por meio da determinação de sua porosidade, expressa pelas propriedades físicas de massa específica e absorção. O método utilizado para medir estas propriedades é a NM 53, norma derivada da ASTM C127. Porém, foi originalmente concebida para caracterizar agregados naturais, não sendo adequada sobre agregados de RCD reciclados. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho é estabelecer um método rápido e preciso para controle de qualidade e triagem de agregados reciclados em usinas de reciclagem, o que poderia ampliar as possibilidades de campos para sua utilização. Para isso, foram estudados comparativamente três métodos distintos - NM 53, massa submersa no tempo e secagem - para determinação das propriedades físicas absorção e massa específica aparente (MEA) dos agregados reciclados. Os planejamentos experimentais basearamse em modelos estatísticos do tipo fatorial completo, que permitem melhorias do processo selecionado, de acordo com necessidades estabelecidas, através de análises de variáveis de possível significância às respostas. A adequação da NM 53 para utilização sobre agregados reciclados depende de: 1) aumento da saturação dos poros das amostras; 2) diminuição da perda de massa durante os ensaios; e 3) aumento da rapidez das determinações. Após a execução dos planejamentos experimentais, pôde-se propor um novo método para determinação da absorção e MEA de agregados graúdos de RCD reciclados. Tal método aumentou estatisticamente os valores de absorção medidos (aumento da saturação de poros), diminuiu a perda de massa das amostras durante a execução dos ensaios e ainda reduziu o tempo de caracterização de 48 horas (mínimo dispensado pela NM 53) para aproximadamente 4 horas. O método utiliza equipamentos simples e de baixo custo, possuindo potencial real para ser implantado para controle de qualidade de agregados de RCD reciclados em usinas de reciclagem. / The low consumption of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) recycled aggregates happens, nowadays, because its natural variability and quality control absence that limit its use in applications with larger demands, such as concretes. One way of concrete aggregates control is done by determining its porosity, express by physical properties absorption and relative density. The method that measures its properties is the NM 53, standard derived from ASTM C127. But this standard was conceived to characterize natural aggregates, and is not appropriate on CDW recycled aggregates. In this way, the purpose of this work is to establish a quick and accurate method for quality control and selection of recycled aggregates in recycling plants, which could increase the possibilities of fields for its use. Thus, this work comparatively studied three distinct methods - NM 53, submerged mass in time and drying - for determining physical properties absorption and relative density of recycled aggregates. The experimental plannings were based on statistical models type Design of Experiments (DOE) that allow improvement on a selected process, in accordance with established needs, through analysis of possible significant variables for results. The adaption of NM 53 to recycled aggregates characterization depends on: 1) increase of sample pores saturation; 2) decrease of mass loss during the tests; and 3) increase of determination speed. After execution of experimental plannings, a new method for determining CDW coarse recycled aggregates physical properties could be proposed. This method statistically increased the measured absorption values (pores saturation increase), decreased mass loss during tests executions and reduced the characterization time from 48 hours (minimum used by NM 53) to approximately 4 hours. The method uses simple and low costs equipment, having real potential to be implemented for quality control of CDW recycled aggregates on recycling plants.

O baixo consumo de agregados de Resíduos de Construção e Demolição (RCD) deve-se, atualmente, à sua variabilidade natural e à falta de controle de sua qualidade, que limitam sua utilização em aplicações de maiores demandas, tais como concretos. Uma maneira usual de controle de agregados para concretos se dá por meio da determinação de sua porosidade, expressa pelas propriedades físicas de massa específica e absorção. O método utilizado para medir estas propriedades é a NM 53, norma derivada da ASTM C127. Porém, foi originalmente concebida para caracterizar agregados naturais, não sendo adequada sobre agregados de RCD reciclados. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho é estabelecer um método rápido e preciso para controle de qualidade e triagem de agregados reciclados em usinas de reciclagem, o que poderia ampliar as possibilidades de campos para sua utilização. Para isso, foram estudados comparativamente três métodos distintos - NM 53, massa submersa no tempo e secagem - para determinação das propriedades físicas absorção e massa específica aparente (MEA) dos agregados reciclados. Os planejamentos experimentais basearamse em modelos estatísticos do tipo fatorial completo, que permitem melhorias do processo selecionado, de acordo com necessidades estabelecidas, através de análises de variáveis de possível significância às respostas. A adequação da NM 53 para utilização sobre agregados reciclados depende de: 1) aumento da saturação dos poros das amostras; 2) diminuição da perda de massa durante os ensaios; e 3) aumento da rapidez das determinações. Após a execução dos planejamentos experimentais, pôde-se propor um novo método para determinação da absorção e MEA de agregados graúdos de RCD reciclados. Tal método aumentou estatisticamente os valores de absorção medidos (aumento da saturação de poros), diminuiu a perda de massa das amostras durante a execução dos ensaios e ainda reduziu o tempo de caracterização de 48 horas (mínimo dispensado pela NM 53) para aproximadamente 4 horas. O método utiliza equipamentos simples e de baixo custo, possuindo potencial real para ser implantado para controle de qualidade de agregados de RCD reciclados em usinas de reciclagem. / The low consumption of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) recycled aggregates happens, nowadays, because its natural variability and quality control absence that limit its use in applications with larger demands, such as concretes. One way of concrete aggregates control is done by determining its porosity, express by physical properties absorption and relative density. The method that measures its properties is the NM 53, standard derived from ASTM C127. But this standard was conceived to characterize natural aggregates, and is not appropriate on CDW recycled aggregates. In this way, the purpose of this work is to establish a quick and accurate method for quality control and selection of recycled aggregates in recycling plants, which could increase the possibilities of fields for its use. Thus, this work comparatively studied three distinct methods - NM 53, submerged mass in time and drying - for determining physical properties absorption and relative density of recycled aggregates. The experimental plannings were based on statistical models type Design of Experiments (DOE) that allow improvement on a selected process, in accordance with established needs, through analysis of possible significant variables for results. The adaption of NM 53 to recycled aggregates characterization depends on: 1) increase of sample pores saturation; 2) decrease of mass loss during the tests; and 3) increase of determination speed. After execution of experimental plannings, a new method for determining CDW coarse recycled aggregates physical properties could be proposed. This method statistically increased the measured absorption values (pores saturation increase), decreased mass loss during tests executions and reduced the characterization time from 48 hours (minimum used by NM 53) to approximately 4 hours. The method uses simple and low costs equipment, having real potential to be implemented for quality control of CDW recycled aggregates on recycling plants.

The effect of shared enemies between invasive and native species has been argued to facilitate biological invasions (i.e., the apparent competition hypothesis or ACH). This study investigated a previously untested possibility: whether granivorous small mammals facilitate cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) invasion by driving food-mediated apparent competition between cheatgrass and native grasses. Specifically, we tested three predictions that must be true if such apparent competition occurs. First, cheatgrass invasion augments total seeds available to granivorous small mammals. Second, density of granivorous small mammals increases in response to increased seed availability (simulated with experimental additions of cheatgrass seeds). Third, granivorous small mammals prefer seeds from native grasses over cheatgrass seeds. We tested these predictions in the Great Basin Desert of Utah, USA. Cheatgrass invasion augmented total yearly seed production. Granivorous small mammals preferred native seeds over cheatgrass seeds. However, neither abundance, richness, nor diversity of granivorous small mammals increased in response to experimental additions of cheatgrass seed. We therefore conclude that granivorous small mammals did not drive food-mediated apparent competition during the study period. The lack of support for the ACH in this study may suggest that the role of small mammal-driven apparent competition is either unimportant in the Great Basin, or that the appropriate indirect interactions between small mammals, cheatgrass, and native grasses have yet to be evaluated. Testing the third prediction required the separation of seeds from the soil matrix. We employed a chemical flotation methodology to recover target seeds from soil, and developed a novel method of decanting target material from the flotation solution. We compared the utility of the novel method to that of a traditional decantation method. Specifically, we compared effectiveness (the proportion of seeds recovered from a known sample), rapidity (the time required to decant that sample), efficiency (the number of seeds decanted per second), and recovery bias (the effect of relative density on seed recovery) between methods. Our proposed method was more effective, more rapid, more efficient, and less biased than the traditional method. Therefore, any future work relying on flotation to analyze seed banks should clearly describe how samples are decanted and should consider the proposed method as a potential means of enhancing the efficiency of chemical flotation.

The use of Hilbert space theory became an important tool for ergodic theoreticians ever since John von Neumann proved the fundamental Mean Ergodic theorem in Hilbert space. Recurrence is one of the corner stones in the study of dynamical systems. In this dissertation some extended ideas besides those of the basic, well-known recurrence results are investigated. Hilbert space theory proves to be a very useful approach towards the solution of multiple recurrence problems in ergodic theory. Another very important use of Hilbert space theory became evident only relatively recently, when it was realized that non-commutative dynamical systems become accessible to the ergodic theorist through the important Gelfand-Naimark-Segal (GNS) representation of C*-algebras as Hilbert spaces. Through this construction we are enabled to invoke the rich catalogue of Hilbert space ergodic results to approach the more general, and usually more involved, non-commutative extensions of classical ergodic-theoretical results. In order to make this text self-contained, the basic, standard, ergodic-theoretical results are included in this text. In many instances Hilbert space counterparts of these basic results are also stated and proved. Chapters 1 and 2 are devoted to the introduction of these basic ergodic-theoretical results such as an introduction to the idea of measure-theoretic dynamical systems, citing some basic examples, Poincairé’s recurrence, the ergodic theorems of Von Neumann and Birkhoff, ergodicity, mixing and weakly mixing. In Chapter 2 several rudimentary results, which are the basic tools used in proofs, are also given. In Chapter 3 we show how a Hilbert space result, i.e. a variant of a result by Van der Corput for uniformly distributed sequences modulo 1, is used to simplify the proofs of some multiple recurrence problems. First we use it to simplify and clarify the proof of a multiple recurrence result by Furstenberg, and also to extend that result to a more general case, using the same Van der Corput lemma. This may be considered the main result of this thesis, since it supplies an original proof of this result. The Van der Corput lemma helps to simplify many of the tedious terms that are found in Furstenberg’s proof. In Chapter 4 we list and discuss a few important results where classical (commutative) ergodic results were extended to the non-commutative case. As stated before, these extensions are mainly due to the accessibility of Hilbert space theory through the GNS construction. The main result in this section is a result proved by Niculescu, Ströh and Zsidó, which is proved here using a similar Van der Corput lemma as in the commutative case. Although we prove a special case of the theorem by Niculescu, Ströh and Zsidó, the same method (Van der Corput) can be used to prove the generalized result. Copyright 2004, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Beters, FJC 2004, A Hilbert space approach to multiple recurrence in ergodic theory, MSc dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02222006-104936 / > / Dissertation (MSc (Applied Mathematics))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Mathematics and Applied Mathematics / unrestricted

Microtrusses are hybrid materials composed of a three-dimensional array of struts capable of efficiently transmitting an externally applied load. The strut connectivity of microtrusses enables them to behave in a stretch-dominated fashion, allowing higher specific strength and stiffness values to be reached than conventional metal foams. While much attention has been given to the optimization of microtruss architectures, little attention has been given to the strengthening mechanisms inside the materials that make up this architecture. This thesis examines strengthening mechanisms in aluminum alloy and copper alloy microtruss systems with and without a reinforcing structural coating. C11000 microtrusses were stretch-bend fabricated for the first time; varying internal truss angles were selected in order to study the accumulating effects of plastic deformation and it was found that the mechanical performance was significantly enhanced in the presence of work hardening with the peak strength increasing by a factor of three. The C11000 microtrusses could also be significantly reinforced with sleeves of electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni-53wt%Fe. It was found that the strength increase from work hardening and electrodeposition were additive over the range of structures considered. The AA2024 system allowed the contribution of work hardening, precipitation hardening, and hard anodizing to be considered as interacting strengthening mechanisms. Because of the lower formability of AA2024 compared to C11000, several different perforation geometries in the starting sheet were considered in order to more effectively distribute the plastic strain during stretch-bend fabrication. A T8 condition was selected over a T6 condition because it was shown that the plastic deformation induced during the final step was sufficient to enhance precipitation kinetics allowing higher strengths to be reached, while at the same time eliminating one annealing treatment. When hard anodizing treatments were conducted on O-temper and T8 temper AA2024 truss cores, the strength increase was different for different architectures, but was nearly the same for the two parent material tempers. Finally, the question of how much microtruss strengthening can be obtained for a given amount of parent metal strengthening was addressed by examining the interaction of material and geometric parameters in a model system.