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Este trabalho se volta para as formas de problematização contemporâneas da prática sacrificial a partir de um lugar de observação específico, orientado pelo objetivo de compreender como esta prática se torna um mediador de produção de alteridades. Apresento, assim, um caso de dissenso envolvendo a prática sacrificial por grupos religiosos que se apresentam no espaço público enquanto representantes da tradição de matriz africana, após uma interpelação começada por projetos de lei de âmbito local. Como fica claro durante os acontecimentos públicos que envolvem a proposta de legislação, o fulcro da questão é a promoção de uma sensibilização para com o que os produtores deste projeto identificam como afetados e ‘‘violados em seus direitos’’ pelos sacrificantes: os animais não-humanos envolvidos nestas práticas. Especialmente preocupado com grafar a forma como a ‘‘diferença’’ é razoada em distintos momentos da controvérsia, entendo a esta enquanto uma categoria analítica. Assim, a dissertação também recorta o âmbito das moralidades em conflito pelos dois grupos salientando os irredutíveis contornos ontológicos rastreáveis pelas formas de enquadramento da disputa pelo encaminho público do PL 21/2015, o propulsor da controvérsia aqui em análise. / This work emphasizes the contemporary forms of the problematization of the sacrificial practice from a very specific place of observation which is guided by the aim to understand how this practice becomes a mediator at the production of otherness. Thus, I present a case of disagreement involving the sacrificial practice, made by religious groups that appear in the public space as representantives of African matrix tradition, after an interpellation which has begun by local law projects. As it is gets clear during the public events surrounding the proposed legislation, the fulcrum/core is to promote awareness to whom the producers of this project identify as being affected and "violated in their rights" by the sacrificers: -non non-human animals involved in these practices. Particularly concerned with drawing the "difference" at different points in the controversy, I understand it as an analytical category. The dissertation also focus on the scope of the conflicting morals in the two groups here, highlighting the irreducible ontological contours traceable in the forms of framing of the dispute, in the public's law PL 21/2015, the propellant of the controversy under analysis here.

D.Litt et Phil. (Semitic Languages and Cultures) / This thesis is an examination of “interfaith praxis” in the South African struggle for liberation, with particular emphasis on Muslim-Christian relations. We begin with an overview of the epistemological and theological contribution of “praxis” in European and subaltern contexts of liberation theology as well as the key dynamics of representation, conditionality and transformative activism in the history of Muslim-Christian relations. We then analyze and contrast “two histories” of Muslim-Christian relations in South Africa: one of Orientalism and the other of interfaith praxis. Through a close examination of two organizations - the Call of Islam (est. 1984) and the South African Chapter of the World Conference on Religion and Peace (est. 1984) - we argue that interfaith praxis changed how Muslims and Christians in the struggle approached interfaith dialogue and theological reflections on the religious other. It was this interfaith praxis that contributed to the importance of religious pluralism in contemporary South Africa. Following through from the history and reflections on interfaith praxis, we suggest here the possibility for a new framework for Muslim-Christian relations called a Liberatio-Political Framework.

Thèse confidentielle jusqu'au 29/05/2025. Ce travail de thèse explore la reconstruction des dispositifs identitaires engendrée par l’effondrement de l’URSS et par les flux de la mondialisation, au sein du Kirghizstan post-soviétique, qui est à majorité musulmane (islam Sunnī, école théologique Ḥanafī). L’une des principales stratégies déployées par les acteurs de la scène kirghizstanaise en terme de gestion de ces bouleversements est celle de la ré-articulation du religieux en relation au politique. Afin de dégager des éléments d’analyse visant à rendre compte du statut, de la nature et du rôle du religieux sur la scène socio-politique kirghizstanaise, ce travail de thèse considère la triangulation des acteurs État-religion-société, qui est explorée au travers de trois hypothèses principales. Ces réemplois du religieux, étroitement articulés, concernent : en premier lieu, le réenchantement’, via le religieux, de l’ordre politique de l’après-indépendance, qui est à la recherche d’une légitimité nouvelle depuis l’effondrement du communisme. En second lieu, la gestion au niveau local, via le religieux, d’une redistribution d’un rapport au sens dans une société désarticulée par les changements brutaux liés à la chute de l’État-providence soviétique. L’hypothèse principale ici est que le recours à l’islam répond à l’effondrement du contrat social soviétique en ce qu’il est étroitement intégré au tissu social kirghiz et en reflète les changements de valeurs et de normes sociales ainsi que les légitimités en compétition. Enfin, l’établissement, via l’islam, d’un rapport renouvelé au politique et, partant, d’une quête de refondation de l’ordre politique. / Confidential PhD thesis. This PhD dissertation examines the reconstruction of identity which was engendered by the collapse of Communism in the Soviet Union and the introduction of globalization in Post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan, whose population is majority Sunnī Muslim, belonging to the Ḥanafī school of Islamic law. The question of the strategy of actors in rearticulating identities in Kyrgyzstan centers on the relationship between the religious and the political realms, and their redefinition. In order to analyze the nature and role of religiosity in the Kyrgyz socio-political scene, the dissertation considers the triangulation of state, religion, and society through three main hypotheses: (1) the use of religion, at the political level, to reenchant the political order which has been in search of a new legitimacy after the collapse of Communism; (2) the use of religion, at the local level, to redistribute and redefine “meaning” in a society dislocated by the brutal social changes accompanying the collapse of this former Soviet Republic – specifically the recourse to Islam to reestablish the social contract by redefining normative social values and competing socio-political legitimacies; and (3) the use of the religion of Islam in the Kyrgyz context to redefine politics and establish a new political order.

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Orientador: Renato José Pinto Ortiz / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T08:03:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabien_Jean_M.pdf: 2466415 bytes, checksum: 8f9d1833468fcd9073853dec6d9dcae8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Esse trabalho tem como objetivo comparar Durkheim e Weber, os quais representam figuras emblemáticas nos estudos das sociedades ocidentais modernas, na tentativa de aproximar suas teorias sociológicas à religião. Procuramos destacar, a partir dos estudos epistemológicos e metodológicos deles, alguns elementos que podem nos levar a destacar pontos convergentes e divergentes, tentando explorá-los para ressaltar certa aproximação. Para tanto, no primeiro capítulo expomos uma comparação entre religião e magia, levando em conta noções como sacrifício, culto e rito. Essa comparação tem como objetivo mostrar, de um lado, que em Durkheim ambas são fenômenos sociais e que, por outro lado, em Weber a religião se revela mais racional do que a magia, considerada como uma atividade irracional. Portanto, esse capítulo seria uma articulação em torno da natureza social e racional da religião em relação à natureza social e irracional da magia. Já no segundo capítulo buscamos entender melhor, segundo as concepções durkheimiana e weberiana, o sentido da relação que o indivíduo mantém com os seres espirituais objetos de culto, como Alma, Deus e Espírito, para então delimitar o papel desempenhado pelo sagrado na socialização. Por fim, no terceiro capítulo retomamos o debate, ao mesmo tempo velho e atual, sobre as relações complexas entre religião e política. Nesse sentido, mostramos como em Durkheim o caráter indiferenciado desses dois elementos se incorpora e se funde no conceito de religião civil, enquanto em Weber sua diferenciação mais ou menos radical nos leva à sua sociologia da dominação. Com isso buscamos analisar até que ponto a religião e a política podem se influenciar e interagir reciprocamente, mesmo quando elas se opõem. Dessa forma, esse estudo comparativo trata de alguns temas comuns a Durkheim e Weber, mas essencialmente importantes para a sociologia da religião / Abstract: This work, pursuing a very ambitious goal to compare Durkheim and Weber, try to reconcile the two theories of the sociology of religion as they represent the leading figures in the advent of modern Western societies. It seeks to highlight, starting from their epistemological and methodological studies, elements that show us what is convergent and divergent, while trying to exploit them to find an approximation. In order to develop this idea, in the first chapter there is a comparison between religion and magic, taking into account concepts such as sacrifice, worship and ritual. The objective of this comparison is, on one hand, to show that both in Durkheim are a social phenomenon, and, on the other hand, in Weber religion is more rational than the magic considered as an irrational activity. So, this chapter is a joint around the social and rational nature of religion in relation to social and irrational nature of magic. The second seeks to understand better, according to Durkheim and Weber's designs, the meaning of the relationship the individual has with the spiritual beings objects of worship, such as Soul, God and Spirit, as well as to determine the role played by the sacred in the socialization. Finally, the third chapter resumes the debate, in the same time old and current, on the complex relationship between religion and politics. By comparing, we will try to emphasize, first in Durkheim, their indiscriminate nature that incorporates and merges the concept of civil religion, then in Weber, their differentiation more or less radical which is rooted in its sociology of domination. In this sense, we will see through these two leading sociologists extent how religion and politics can influence each other and interact, even if they disagree. Thus, this comparative study discusses some common themes between Durkheim and Weber, which are essentially important for the sociology of religion / Mestrado / Sociologia / Mestre em Sociologia

Is John Locke a philosopher or theologian? When considering Locke's religious thought, scholars seldom point to his Paraphrase and Notes on the Epistles of St. Paul. This is puzzling since the Paraphrase is his most extensive treatment of Christian theology. Since this is the final work of his life, did Locke undergo a deathbed conversion? The scholarship that has considered the Paraphrase often finds Locke contradicting himself on various theological doctrines. In this dissertation, I find that Locke not only remains consistent with his other writings, but provides his subtlest interpretation of Scripture. He is intentionally subtle in order to persuade a Protestant audience to modern liberalism. This is intended to make Protestantism, and specifically Calvinism, the vehicle for modern liberalism. This is seen clearly in Max Weber's The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Though Weber concludes that Protestant support for capitalism in the late 19th Century is due to its theological foundation, I find that Weber is actually examining Lockean Protestantism. Locke's success in transforming Protestantism is also useful today in showing how a modern liberal can converse with someone who actively opposes, and may even wish to harm, modern liberalism. The dissertation analyzes four important Protestant doctrines: Faith Alone, Scripture Alone, the church and family, and Christian political life.

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