Bibliography: leaves 86-90. / Involuntary resettlement due to planned economic interventions for the purpose of economic growth, is a political and socio-economic phenomenon. It is associated with development and poverty, as it affects livelihoods of those involved. This process impacts differently on different individuals, depending on their capability to regain earning and productive bases, to access support systems, as well as to access opportunities and widen choices that sustain their lives. The study investigates the assumption that their vulnerability, ineligibility for compensation provisions and lack of specific programmes to address their needs affect their capability to adjust in new areas. In view of this, the purpose of the study is to explore the impact of resettlement on vulnerable groups (the landless, unemployable aged and disabled). The overall objective is to highlight their situation, because of a concern for their long-term welfare, possible marginalisation from mainstream development and risk of poverty. The coverage involved vulnerable groups in stage one resettlement. A stratified sampling technique was employed to select 31 respondents who represent these groups. In the study, primary and secondary data were collected by making use of In-depth interviews, focus-group discussions and content analysis of related literature. A semi-structured schedule with open-ended questions was employed to gather information that was qualitatively manipulated. The findings suggest that the resettlement process has resulted in the disruption of support systems, limited opportunities in host areas, and inadequate restorative measures to sustain livelihoods of vulnerable groups. As a result, these groups are disempowered, marginalised and excluded from mainstream social and economic development, which compounds their risk of impoverishment.

An investigation was made into the characteristics of program elements and removals of Weapon Replaceable Assemblies aggregated at the system level for the purpose of developing a method to predict removals during initial provisioning periods. From examination of nine avionic systems over a 28 month period a binomial model was developed using a removal rate based on aircraft-months as a program element. The model is to be used before Fleet data are generated by obtaining aircraft-month estimates from the contractor and removal rate estimates from similar operational equipments. A probability distribution reflecting the degree of certainty is selected as a prior estimate. Then, as Fleet experience is accumulated the distribution is updated using Bayesian techniques and maturity growth curves. This distribution is used to give an estimate of current removal rate and to extrapolate to future removal rates.

Land ownership in South Africa has long been a source of conflict. The history of forced removals and a racially skewed distribution of land resources have left the new government, which took over in 1994, with a complex and difficult legacy. The new government has developed a land reform programme with three major elements to address the situation of landlessness, tenure insecurity and poverty among black people. The three major elements can be defined as follows: <ul> <li>The redistribution of land to the disadvantaged and poor for productive and residential purposes;</li> <li>Land restitution, which covers restitution of land to those who had been forcefully removed from land after 1913 as a result of racially discriminatory laws and practices and</li> <li>Tenure reform to those whose tenure of land is legally insecure.</li> </ul> The specific purpose of this study is to review the redistribution of land in terms of the implementation of the LRAD (Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development) Sub-programme, which was launched in August 2001. In the first few years of the delivery of LRAD (2001 to 2003), the sub-programme made substantial progress and the DLA (Department of Land Affairs) referred to LRAD as the DLA’s flagship redistribution sub-programme. However, according to academics (Hall, 2003 and 2004; Jacobs, 2003; Wegeriff, 2004 and Lahiff, 2003) and the media (Black Business Quarterly, 2006 and Business Report: Sunday Independent, 2006), the pace of the implementation of LRAD is also slow and the sustainability of many land redistribution projects is poor. The purpose of this study is to review the pace of implementation and the quality of projects transferred through the LRAD Sub-programme in Gauteng Province. Three main factors are identified in this study that contribute to the slow pace of land redistribution in terms of the LRAD Sub-programme. These factors are the bureaucratic processes that government follows to implement LRAD projects, the limited size of the LRAD grants and the formation of group projects. The mentioned critiques and the results of this study also show that there are a variety of factors that have an impact on the sustainability/quality of projects. These factors are: limited financing of projects, lack of start-up capital, lack of agricultural skills, poor design of projects, lack of post-transfer support, group dynamics, crime, and a disregard for environmental factors. To obtain the relevant research information for this study a variety of documents and books regarding land reform and the LRAD Sub-programme were reviewed. Additional information was obtained from the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) and AgriSA with regard to agriculture in Gauteng. Beneficiaries from a sample of 15 LRAD projects and three officials from the Gauteng Provincial Land Reform Office were also interviewed to get their opinions about the pace of implementation of redistribution of projects through the LRAD Sub-programme and also the sustainability of these programmes. The reason for studying land reform in Gauteng is because of its unique features of farming. One of the unique features is the fact that farmland in Gauteng consists mostly of small farms and plots, which are easier for beneficiaries to purchase by means of the limited-size LRAD grants than are big farms in Limpopo, North West, Northern Cape, etc. Other positive features are the good quality of agricultural land, the availability of output markets and supply of inputs. There are also a number of negative factors, which include the facts that 97% of province is urbanised, and that farmland is scarce and expensive. However, a detailed description of the study area is given in section 1.4. Eventually the conclusion was reached that the implementation of LRAD projects in Gauteng is indeed slow because of certain problems in the process of land transfer through the LRAD Sub-programme, the limited LRAD grants compared to the increased land prices and the size of group projects. The mentioned factors that have an impact on the sustainability of LRAD projects are also reviewed through the fieldwork and it has been discovered that it indeed has a big impact on the quality of these projects. The case studies provide a number of recommendations to address the factors impacting on the pace of land redistribution in the province and the factors impacting on sustainability. Some of the recommendations can be implemented by the Gauteng Provincial Land Reform Office itself. The other recommendations will need to be addressed nationally which can then have a positive influence on the delivery and the quality of the implementation of LRAD projects on a national basis as well. Copyright / Dissertation (MInst Agrar)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development / unrestricted

No description available.

Since the bizarre disappearance of his wife, mountaineer Abbot Boone's life has spiraled into a pit of alcoholism and alienation. But then a wealthy and desperate widow hires Boone for an impossible task: to recover her husband's dead body from the peaks of Mount Everest. With nothing to lose and debts mounting, Boone enlists a team of exiles and misfits to attempt the climb. But if Boone is to conquer the mountain, he will first have to survive the pressure cooker of Everest Base Camp, brutal subzero temperatures, and ultimately confront the mystery of his own grief

Increased costs of fossil fuels, regulatory policies, and investments by federal and state governments have caused increased interest and incentive for the use of wood as a renewable form of energy. As a result, landowners and forest managers are considering chipping whole trees and harvesting residues as a means to meet increased demand of wood chips as a renewable source of energy. However, the profitability, productivity gains, and sustainability of these alternative harvesting methods continue to be an area of research. The objective of this study was to compare two biomass harvesting treatments with regard to the characteristics of the chips they produced, chipper productivity, nutrient removals, and site disturbance. The first biomass harvesting treatment was an integrated harvest where roundwood was merchandized and hauled to the appropriate mill and limbs, tops, and small stems (residues) were chipped for hog fuel. The second biomass harvesting treatment simulated a scenario where biomass markets were competing with pulpwood markets and landowners could choose to sell wood for energy or pulp wood. In this treatment whole trees and small stems were chipped for hog fuel. A third harvesting treatment was a conventional roundwood harvest where no wood was chipped, and this treatment was used as a control for comparison of nutrient removals and site disturbance. The chips produced from both harvesting treatments were very similar, but those produced from whole trees tended to be slightly smaller than those produced from residues. Chipper productivity was significantly higher when chipping whole trees and it was also much more efficient in terms of fuel use. Estimations of nutrient removals showed that there was very little difference in the amount of nutrient removed from the biomass harvesting treatments, but both treatments removed significantly more N and Ca than the conventional roundwood harvesting treatment. There was significantly more downed and standing material left on the site after harvesting in the conventional treatment, but this did not translate into a large amount of additional nutrients left on the site. There was little difference in soil disturbance between all three treatments, and due to the dry soil conditions during harvesting, there was very little visual soil disturbance at all during harvesting. / Master of Science

This thesis is about the Lutheran Churches' response to the forced removals which took place between 1968 and 1984 in Western Transvaal. Bills aimed at expropriating land from African people were passed through parliament from 1913 to 1984. These apartheid laws culminated in the fonnation of Bantustans where people of different nationalities among blacks were moved to. Among the Tswanas four villages in the Western Transvaal viz. Matlwang, Ga-Maloka, Botshabelo and Mogopa were moved between 1968 and 1984. The Lutheran Churches which were working in the four villages did not do much to help their members in time great need and distress. The villagers interviewed unanymously agreed that the Lutheran churches were silent during the time of the forced removals. The Lutheran churches in the world have a history of silence with regard to governments' unjust policies towards the people. Theologians and church leaders of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Southern Africa (ELCSA) and its supporting mission society, the Rermannsburg Mission Society (HMS), the Lutheran Church in Southern Africa (LCSA) and its supporting mission society, the Lutheran Church Mission, agree that the doctrine of the Two Kingdoms was not responsible for the silence of the Lutheran Churches in South Africa. The Lutheran Churches have an opportunity to make up for their past mistakes by initiating and joining existing projects aimed at helping the marginalised communities of South Africa. Among other pressing needs in South Africa besides the preaching of the gospel one can count landlessness, unemployment, homelessness, poverty, hunger, diseases like HIV/AIDS, and counselling of the abused individuals in both in the urban and the rural areas to which those who were forcefully removed are returning. This work is presented to churches in general and to the Lutheran Churches in particular so that they can preach the gospel of Jesus Christ in a wholistic rather than a narrow way. Jesus was concerned about the poor, the captives, the blind, the sinners, the rulers and the oppressed. / Thesis (M.Th.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1999.

O presente trabalho propõe uma descrição, análise e interpretação do lugar do futebol no cotidiano da Vila Campos do Cristal, em Porto Alegre, uma comunidade que se estabeleceu em torno de quatro campos de futebol e foi - após quase 30 anos - realocada para um conjunto habitacional. Apesar da melhoria nas condições de vida no novo espaço, a comunidade demonstrava descontentamento pela ausência de um aspecto básico de seu modo de vida: o futebol e seus arredores. Isso nos conduziu à questão central da dissertação: qual o lugar do futebol no modo de vida dessa população? Tomando os debates sobre cultura, espaço, lazer e futebol como referência, a pesquisa foi realizada através de trabalho de campo (entrevistas semi-estruturadas e observação participante). Consideramos que o futebol, já presente no processo de constituição da Vila Campos do Cristal, era parte da vida cotidiana da comunidade e, como prática de lazer relacionada ao universo das festas, era um elemento central na caracterização daquele espaço, contribuindo para a construção dos significados e do fortalecimento dos laços de sociabilidade e pertencimento na comunidade. / The work proposes the description, analysis and interpretation of the place of the soccer in the every-day life of the Vila Campos do Cristal, in Porto Alegre, a village that was formed around four soccer fields and was - after almost 30 years - replaced in allotments. Even though the new space had better living conditions, the population showed discontent with the absence of something that seemed basic for their lives: soccer and its surroundings. lt led to the question: what is the place of soccer in the way of life of that population? Having the discussions on culture, space, leisure and soccer as reference, the answer this question was sought After the field work (semi-structured interviews and observations) one can consider that the soccer, already present in the process of constitution of Vila Campos do Cristal, was part of the every-day life of that community and, as leisure practice linked to the universe of party, was a central element in the characterization of that space, giving it meanings and strengthening the web of sociability and belonging.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-15T13:31:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAcao_FINAL_de Patricia Freitas em PDF.pdf: 460535 bytes, checksum: 5b607e37e6a263cb3e5d17ab888398c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-10 / The health workers who act in the assistance to the health are displayed to the risk of adducers, in function of the extensive work, hours of working in regimen of plantain, nocturnal work, physical and emotional overload and specificities of the work in health as, to attend the suffering, the illness and the death daily. This work had as objective to know the absenteeism for illness in workers of health of a Public Hospital of the State of the Bahia. So, a descriptive, exploring and epidemiological study was done, considering health workers on sick leave, as the object of study, as well as the medical certificates from the Personal Department at a public hospital of the State of Bahia from July 1st, 2005 to June 30th, 2006. The collection occurred in the March months the August of 2006, being carried through in the Sector of Staff through the folders registers in cadastre of the workers, the certified doctors and document of the Secretariat of Health of the State of the Bahia. For the collection, some forms, with distinct variables, were filled out: the principal form absence for sickness ( time of absence and disease); the social demographic form ( age, sex, married status, number of children s) and the characteristics of work form ( profession, department, type of contract, weekly work hours, time of work at the hospital). At first, it was observed that health workers on sick leave completed a mean of 2,31% of medical certificates, and it was also observed that 31,9% (267) of professionals got sick during the studied period, which represented a high index of illness. The results pointed out that health workers on sick leave were predominantly women, with the age of 40 (forty) or superior to it. It also pointed out that those people have worked at the hospital for 12, 5 years or more. Most types of workers had a statutary contract with 40 (forty) hours per week. Among the work departments, UTI Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (Intensive Therapy Unit), and First-aid station were stood out, and among the workers, most on sick leave were nurses. The average time on sick leave was 4.5 within 4.4 days. Respiratory and musculoskeletal diseases were most common, followed by factors that have influenced health and the contact with health services. This work can begin new dialogues on characteristics affect the workers health. We hope the results from study can stimulate the creation and implementation of a Servi?o de Atendimento ? Sa?de do Trabalhador (an Organ which can take care of health workers). / Os trabalhadores de sa?de que atuam na assist?ncia ? sa?de est?o expostos ao risco de adoecer, em fun??o das jornadas de trabalho extensas, trabalho em regime de plant?o, trabalho noturno, sobrecarga f?sica e emocional e especificidades do trabalho em sa?de como, assistir o sofrimento, a doen?a e a morte cotidianamente. Este trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer o absente?smo por doen?a em trabalhadores de sa?de de um Hospital P?blico do Estado da Bahia. Realizou-se um estudo epidemiol?gico descritivo e explorat?rio, tendo como objeto de estudo todos os atestados m?dicos emitidos como justificativa para o afastamento do trabalho de profissionais de sa?de que atuavam na assist?ncia, em um Hospital P?blico do Estado da Bahia, no per?odo 1? de julho de 2005 a 30 de junho de 2006. A coleta ocorreu nos meses de mar?o a agosto de 2006, sendo realizada no Setor de Pessoal atrav?s das pastas cadastrais dos trabalhadores, dos atestados m?dicos e de documento da Secretaria de Sa?de do Estado da Bahia. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizada uma Ficha contendo as seguintes vari?veis: (Tempo de Afastamento e Doen?a que motivou o Afastamento); S?cio- Demogr?ficas (Idade, Sexo, Situa??o Conjugal e N?mero de Filhos do Profissional); Caracter?sticas de Trabalho (Categoria Profissional a que pertence o trabalhador, Setor de trabalho, Tipo do Contrato, Carga Hor?ria de Trabalho Semanal e Tempo de Trabalho no Hospital). O trabalho foi aprovado pelo Comit? de ?tica em Pesquisa da UEFS. Observou-se uma m?dia de 2,31 atestados m?dicos por trabalhador afastado por doen?a no per?odo estudado e do total de trabalhadores do hospital estudados 31,9% (267) afastaram-se por doen?a no per?odo, representando uma elevada freq??ncia de adoecimento. Os resultados apontaram que os trabalhadores de sa?de afastados por doen?a s?o predominantemente do sexo feminino, apresentavam idade igual e superior a 40 anos, como, tamb?m, apresentavam tempo de servi?o no hospital igual e superior a 12,5 anos. Houve predom?nio do Tipo de Contrato Estatut?rio, com jornada de trabalho de 40 horas semanais. Entre os setores de trabalho destacaram-se Emerg?ncia e UTI e com rela??o ao grupo profissional, os resultados apontaram ? predomin?ncia dos profissionais de Enfermagem dentre aqueles que se afastaram por doen?a no per?odo estudado. Os resultados apontaram ainda, que o grupo de Enfermagem apresentou a segunda maior incid?ncia de afastamento por doen?a. O tempo m?dio de afastamento por doen?a foi de 4,5 ? 4,4 dias. As doen?as osteomusculares e respirat?rias foram as que mais motivaram o afastamento dos trabalhadores de sa?de do hospital estudado, seguidas de fatores que influenciam o estado de sa?de e o contato com os servi?os de sa?de. Este trabalho pode inaugurar novas discuss?es sobre as caracter?sticas do trabalho do setor sa?de, especialmente, em hospitais, e como estas afetam a sa?de do trabalhador. Espera-se, tamb?m, que os resultados desse estudo estimulem a cria??o e implanta??o de um Servi?o de Atendimento ? Sa?de do Trabalhador.

<p>It has been over a century since African people were forcibly removed by official decree in 1901, from the Cape Town dockland barracks and District Six, to Uitvlugt, a farm where a location of corrugated iron &lsquo / huts&rsquo / had just been constructed. This occurrence followed an outbreak of a bubonic plague in Cape Town in 1901, which became predominant among the Africans who worked at the docks, and who were in direct and constant contact with the main carriers of the disease, i.e., the rats coming out of ships from Europe. The outbreak resulted in African being stigmatised as diseased, and being banished to the outskirts of the city. Since then, knowledge about this historical occurrence has been continuously produced, presented and communicated in many ways. It has featured in many representations through memory, heritage and history.In 1902, the new residents of Uitvlugt gave the location the name kwa-Ndabeni. Ndabeni was a nickname that the residents had given to Walter Stanford who had chaired the commission that recommended for the establishment of the location in 1901. The prefix kwa- was added to the name so that it meant in Xhosa language, the place of Ndabeni. In that way, the residents, who at that time did not consider the location as a potential place of their permanent abode, named it in a way that disassociated them from the place.</p>