Ethical decision-making is an important but challenging aspect of the role of a clinical psychologist. Little research has been conducted concerning how clinical psychologists make ethical decisions, with even less known about how trainees manage the process during professional training. The current study aimed to examine how trainees make ethical decisions, and how this process differs between more and less experienced trainees. Thirty-nine trainee clinical psychologists were recruited from a total of 17 doctoral training programmes in the United Kingdom. The sample recruited was demographically similar to the training population. A cross-sectional design was used to examine differences between first year (n = 19) and third year (n = 20) trainees. An online version of The Defining Issues Test questionnaire (DIT-2, Rest et al., 1999) was used to measure level of sophistication of ethical development, and individual face to face or Skype repertory grid interviews examined the integration of trainees’ personal and professional ethical decision-making construct subsystems. The vast majority of trainees were found to adopt a sophisticated approach to ethical decision-making, with half of all ethical decisions made from within a postconventional schematic approach. However, a small minority operated from within schemata based on maintenance of societal norms or personal interests. A deterioration in sophistication of thinking was demonstrated for more experienced trainees. Less experienced trainees were found to rely comparatively more heavily on their personal construct subsystems than more experienced trainees and vice versa. Increased integration between the subsystems over the course of training was demonstrated. The study demonstrates support for an acculturation process occurring throughout training. Implications of this and ideas for future research are discussed.

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This thesis explores the application of personal construct psychology and the repertory grid to performance management in a technical consulting organisation. The research examines what is important for a manager in assessing work performance and how each manager's mental model for performance compares with his/her peers. Managers acting as raters are the critical link in the observation and assessment of performance and in the feedback process. Rater observations and judgements are affected by their personal mental models regarding what is important. These views may or may not accord with those of their peers, resulting in inconsistency and unfair assessments, or with what the organisation's strategy demands. Understanding rater views on what is important, and how well these align with strategy, is a key to ensure that the appraisal process supports, rather than hinders, both individual and organisational needs. Each manager's personal constructs relating to appraisal were elicited through a repertory grid interview. The elicited constructs were taken together and categorised to derive broad performance categories summarising the views of the entire management team. Each individual's personal constructs were then allocated to the relevant common category to develop a view of how each manager related to the group's overall approach to appraisal. A measure for the importance of each category in making performance judgments (importance score) was derived based on the correlation of the constructs in each category with an overall performance construct. A second measure of a manager's preparedness to discriminate between levels of performance was also derived (discriminant score) based on the variation in each manager's construct structure. In keeping with the personal construct psychology approach, the process emphasizes the importance of discussion with the individual concerned to verify the sorting and ranking pro cess. A ranking process to establish the overall management group priorities for judging performance (team mental models) was demonstrated and a charting process was developed to facilitate presentation and discussion of the results. The research has demonstrated the strength of the repertory grid process as a means of getting at a rater's framework for thinking about appraisal and provides a way to identify possible voids or blind spots in a rater's approach. Understanding the most important categories of performance used by raters provides an opportunity for management to determine whether these are likely to achieve the objectives of the company, and if necessary, to introduce and inculcate different approaches.

<p>I studien har en relativt ovanlig intervjumetod, Repertory Grid Technology använts för att ge några blivande fysiklärares syn på god fysikundervisning. Metoden inspirerar till användning i många andra sammanhang. Resultaten visar att god fysikundervisning bland annat uppfattas som krävande för läraren.</p>

<p>Studiens syfte var att undersöka möjligheterna att använda intervjutekniken Repertory Grid Technique (RGT) som utvärderingsteknik för att utvärdera User Experience (UX) på distans. Detta gjordes genom att de föreställningar som en handledarstödd utvärdering resulterade i jämfördes med det resultat som uppnåddes genom en webbaserad variant av samma utvärdering. Studiens resultat visade på en svårighet för respondenterna i den webbaserade utvärderingen att formulera föreställningar som går att använda för analys av en produkts UX. Diskussionen pekar på en tänkbar lösning i form av förstudier som utförs med en mindre grupp av respondenter för att på detta sätt hjälpa utvärderarna att skapa sig en referensram att använda vid tolkningen av de föreställningar som sedan kan samlas in under en webbaserad utvärdering. Studien syftade även till att jämföra vilka aspekter kopplade till UX som utvärderingarna genererade, samtliga av dessa kopplades till subjektiva eller produktrelaterade aspekter.</p>

I studien har en relativt ovanlig intervjumetod, Repertory Grid Technology använts för att ge några blivande fysiklärares syn på god fysikundervisning. Metoden inspirerar till användning i många andra sammanhang. Resultaten visar att god fysikundervisning bland annat uppfattas som krävande för läraren.

Colour is a basic aspect of perception and the perception of colour varies from individual to individual. This indicates that the perception of colours mean different semantics in various contexts to different individuals. Therefore, these differences in perception forms to behave in different attitudes towards colours among individuals and it is likely to achieve different attitudinal responses to colours from individuals. Relying on the effects of colours on individuals, the initial interest of this thesis is to explore the attitudinal approaches of individuals to colours. This thesis is first and foremost exploratory in nature. This thesis intended as a first step towards exploring the ways in which the individuals think of, construe and give meaning to colours in their own words. The subjective approach proposed in terms of this thesis is based on the underlying philosophy behind Personal Construct Theory (PCT). In order to elicit the individuals&rsquo / ways of construing and giving meaning to colours in their own words, an experiment was conducted with the utilisation of the Repertory Grid Technique (RGT). Sixty undergraduate students of Middle East Technical University (METU) Faculty of Architecture were voluntarily participated in the experiment. As a stimuli, eleven basic colours which were black, grey, white, yellow, orange, red, pink, purple, brown, blue and green were utilised. For the second step, this thesis intended investigating the structure and interrelations between the elicited attitudes of individuals and eleven basic colours. As a result of the experiment, 60 repertory grids were elicited and were analysed by using the qualitative and quantitative applications of content analysis. The resulted data afterwards were analysed by using multivariate statistical analysis methods. The overall results of this research can support certain information for further scientific investigations on colour perception and colour psychology. Additionally, the results of this research can help and guide designers to attain objective understandings about the individuals&rsquo / attitudes to colours. This can contribute to designers as a practical worthwhile during colour design and colour planning in their products and services.

Colour is a basic aspect of perception and the perception of colour varies from individual to individual. This indicates that the perception of colours mean different semantics in various contexts to different individuals. Therefore, these differences in perception forms to behave in different attitudes towards colours among individuals and it is likely to achieve different attitudinal responses to colours from individuals. Relying on the effects of colours on individuals, the initial interest of this thesis is to explore the attitudinal approaches of individuals to colours. This thesis is first and foremost exploratory in nature. This thesis intended as a first step towards exploring the ways in which the individuals think of, construe and give meaning to colours in their own words. The subjective approach proposed in terms of this thesis is based on the underlying philosophy behind Personal Construct Theory (PCT). In order to elicit the individuals&rsquo / ways of construing and giving meaning to colours in their own words, an experiment was conducted with the utilisation of the Repertory Grid Technique (RGT). Sixty undergraduate students of Middle East Technical University (METU) Faculty of Architecture were voluntarily participated in the experiment. As a stimuli, eleven basic colours which were black, grey, white, yellow, orange, red, pink, purple, brown, blue and green were utilised. For the second step, this thesis intended investigating the structure and interrelations between the elicited attitudes of individuals and eleven basic colours. As a result of the experiment, 60 repertory grids were elicited and were analysed by using the qualitative and quantitative applications of content analysis. The resulted data afterwards were analysed by using multivariate statistical analysis methods. The overall results of this research can support certain information for further scientific investigations on colour perception and colour psychology. Additionally, the results of this research can help and guide designers to attain objective understandings about the individuals&rsquo / attitudes to colours. This can contribute to designers as a practical worthwhile during colour design and colour planning in their products and services.

ABSTRACT THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG ATTACHMENT STYLE, AFFECT REGULATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AND MENTAL CONSTRUCTION OF THE RELATIONAL WORLD Ruganci, Ruhsar Neslihan PhD., Department of Psychology Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tulin Gen&ccedil / &ouml / z February 2008, 271 pages In this study interpersonal world of the individual was tried to be conceived with its cognitive and affective domain. Two Studies were carried out. In the first study, adaptation of the Difficulty of Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) developed by Gratz &amp / Roemer (2004), into Turkish was carried out. Additionally, the relation of secure (Ss), dismissing (Ds), preoccupied (Ps), fearful (Fs) and mixed insecure attachment styles with emotion regulation, and the mediator role of the emotion regulation in the association between each attachment style and psychological distress were analyzed, the results of which were also expected to serve for the strength of the validity of Turkish version . As a result of Study I, Turkish version of DERS was established with considerable reliability regarding alpha coefficient, test-retest and split-half reliabilities. Aapproximately similar factor structure with the original version indicating Construct Validity , as an indication of Concurrent Validity DERS and its subscales displayed significant relation with psychological symptoms, and DERS differentiated high and low distress level regarding Criterion Validity. Additionally, Ss were displayed significantly better emotion regulation in general compared to three insecure categories (i.e., except Ds but including Ps, Fs, Mixed insecures), and Ss significantly differed from total insecures in terms of every strategy of emotion regulation as well . Furthermore, psychological distress and Ss, Ps, Fs, (but not Ds) relationship were mediated by emotion regulation. These results were providing additional support for the validity of the Turkish version of DERS. In the second study, possible Clinical and Control Group differences were investigated through comparing the secure, insecure attachment styles of the participants in relation to emotion regulation, psychological distress and their personal construct system regarding the internal representation of self and significant others. Again, mediation of emotion regulation in the association between attachment style and psychological distress were examined both in Clinical and Control Group. Results revealed that Clinical Group had more difficulty to regulate their emotions, except awareness skill and had more psychological distress compared to Control Group. The strength of Ss was displayed with better emotion regulation and less psychological distress even in Clinical Group compared to insecure attachment styles. Effective emotion regulation, as a mediator was associated to low level of psychological distress for Ss, while problem in emotion regulation as a mediator was associated to high level of psychological distress for insecure attachment style both in Clinical and Control Group. Additionally, Ss seemed to integrate the &amp / #8216 / positives&amp / #8217 / and &amp / #8216 / negatives&amp / #8217 / into &amp / #8216 / self&amp / #8217 / and &amp / #8216 / others&amp / #8217 / rather than splitting and have better cognitive complexity or multi-dimensional view besides more integrated system compared to insecure attachment styles. Results were discussed considering the promising efficiency of instruments that can be used in Clinical Psychology research and considering the implications regarding the prevention and intervention in Clinical practice.

Studiens syfte var att undersöka möjligheterna att använda intervjutekniken Repertory Grid Technique (RGT) som utvärderingsteknik för att utvärdera User Experience (UX) på distans. Detta gjordes genom att de föreställningar som en handledarstödd utvärdering resulterade i jämfördes med det resultat som uppnåddes genom en webbaserad variant av samma utvärdering. Studiens resultat visade på en svårighet för respondenterna i den webbaserade utvärderingen att formulera föreställningar som går att använda för analys av en produkts UX. Diskussionen pekar på en tänkbar lösning i form av förstudier som utförs med en mindre grupp av respondenter för att på detta sätt hjälpa utvärderarna att skapa sig en referensram att använda vid tolkningen av de föreställningar som sedan kan samlas in under en webbaserad utvärdering. Studien syftade även till att jämföra vilka aspekter kopplade till UX som utvärderingarna genererade, samtliga av dessa kopplades till subjektiva eller produktrelaterade aspekter.