This diploma thesis focuses on semantic diversity of reporting verbs in French and English fiction. Among these verbs there are not only neutral or semantically marked transitive speech verbs but also intransitive ones or those that do not belong to the category of speech verbs but express different circumstances of a speech act. The objective of the thesis is to provide a contrastive analysis of reporting verbs in original and translated English and French fiction texts, their classification and evaluation of different factors that potentially affect their selection. The topic will be studied on the basis of the data from the parallel corpus Intercorp. The thesis attempts to contribute to a better understanding of reporting clauses. The outlined findings may be helpful especially to translators and fiction writers.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate several potential indicators of successful academic writing and their connection to assignment grades as a possible path toward better teaching of academic writing at the upper secondary level in Sweden. These indicators are referencing (REF), academic vocabulary (AV), and reporting verbs (RV). Our research questions were to examine to what extent the final grades on independent research synthesis papers at Malmö University relate to the use of these three indicators. To that end, we quantitatively assessed the indicators’ relationship to grades (U/G/VG) on 28 4th-year teaching students’ independent research synthesis papers. We examined REF from two perspectives: quality of sources and source integration. AV was assessed by examining the percentage of words in student texts that appeared in the Academic Vocabulary List (AVL). We assessed RV as an indicator by calculating the frequency of RVs in student texts and which types of RVs they favored, as measured by the ARGUE/SHOW/FIND/THINK framework of RV usage. We found very small positive connections between AV percentage, RV frequency, and grades, but small negative connections between measures of reference quality and grades, and found that there were no meaningful differences in RV usage between the three different groups. However, we found that measures of source integration related strongly to the grades on the papers. Numerous factors could explain our findings, notably the small sample size, our unique RV master list, and the rigorous supervision process of these papers at Malmö University. To establish any conclusive results, further research is required.

In news reports, journalists often make references to what spokespersons from public organizations have announced. While doing so, reporting verbs are not an uncommon occurrence (Li, Zhao &amp; Lou, 2023: 2). This study, analyzes reporting verbs that occur with either Greenpeace and WWF, also referred to as green organizations, or with British Petroleum and Exxon, also referred to as oil companies. Over the years, the trends of reporting verb utilization have changed, turning more colloquial than before (Mair 1998: 153). A strong indicator of this is the increase of the verb say that is also one of the most common reporting verbs in this study. It should be noted that out of 22 266 verb occurrences, the verb say peaked at 13808 (62,01 percent). The oil companies represented 47.18 percent of all the instances and the green organizations peaked at 52.82 percent. Another noteworthy finding is the difference in reporting verb usage, where urgency verbs such as call and warn were more frequently occurring with the green organizations. The RVs that occurred with oil companies, on the other hand, were more neutral discourse verbs such as report, announce and say. / <p>Examinationen ägde rum online via Zoom. </p>

<p>The literature on J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter is prolific. People have written on various topics dealing with issues such as translation, etymology and diverse areas concerning the language. In this essay, I examine whether linguistic features such as reporting verbs, adverbs of manner and adjectives contribute to the depiction of heroic and villainous characters. Before conducting this research, my assumptions were that there would be a great difference in the value of the words depending on the character they were associated with. I wanted to see if the heroic characters used verbs and adverbs with positive connotations, and the villainous characters verbs and adverbs with negative connotations. I also wanted to know if the adjectives describing the characters could, in themselves, clearly indicate whether a character was a hero or a villain.</p><p>The results of my research suggested that the choice of particular verbs and adverbs contributed only indirectly to the depiction of the characters. Without context, it was not possible to know if the character was a hero or a villain simply by identifying the verbs and adverbs used to describe their speech. By contrast, the choice of particular adjectives did appear to indicate more clearly whether a character was hero or villain. Finally, the results of my research indicated that context, rather than the use of particular linguistic features was often the most important factor in contributing to the portrayal of characters in the novel.</p>

Named entity recognition (NER) is the task of identifying the named entities (NEs) in the texts and classifying them into semantic categories such as person, organization, and place names and time, date, monetary, and percent expressions. NER has two principal aims: identification of NEs and classification of them into semantic categories. The local grammar (LG) approach has recently been shown to be superior to other NER techniques such as the probabilistic approach, the symbolic approach, and the hybrid approach in terms of being able to work with untagged corpora. The LG approach does not require using any dictionaries and gazetteers, which are lists of proper nouns (PNs) used in NER applications, unlike most of the other NER systems. As a consequence, it is able to recognize NEs in previously unseen texts at minimal costs. Most of the NER systems are costly due to manual rule compilation especially in large tagged corpora. They also require some semantic and syntactic analyses to be applied before pattern generation process, which can be avoided by using the LG approach. In this thesis, we tried to acquire LGs for person names from a large untagged Turkish financial news corpus by using an approach successfully applied to a Reuter&rsquo / s financial English news corpus recently by H. N. Traboulsi. We explored its applicability to Turkish language by using frequency, collocation, and concordance analyses. In addition, we constructed a list of Turkish reporting verbs. It is an important part of this study because there is no major study about reporting verbs in Turkish.

The literature on J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter is prolific. People have written on various topics dealing with issues such as translation, etymology and diverse areas concerning the language. In this essay, I examine whether linguistic features such as reporting verbs, adverbs of manner and adjectives contribute to the depiction of heroic and villainous characters. Before conducting this research, my assumptions were that there would be a great difference in the value of the words depending on the character they were associated with. I wanted to see if the heroic characters used verbs and adverbs with positive connotations, and the villainous characters verbs and adverbs with negative connotations. I also wanted to know if the adjectives describing the characters could, in themselves, clearly indicate whether a character was a hero or a villain. The results of my research suggested that the choice of particular verbs and adverbs contributed only indirectly to the depiction of the characters. Without context, it was not possible to know if the character was a hero or a villain simply by identifying the verbs and adverbs used to describe their speech. By contrast, the choice of particular adjectives did appear to indicate more clearly whether a character was hero or villain. Finally, the results of my research indicated that context, rather than the use of particular linguistic features was often the most important factor in contributing to the portrayal of characters in the novel.

This diploma thesis presents a contrastive description of reporting clauses in present-day original Czech and American fiction (published and awarded in 2010-2015). The examined reported clauses are limited to direct speech marked with a conventional means of punctuation. Based on six samples of fiction, three American ones and three Czech ones, this thesis examines reporting verbs, their diversity, the nature of the subject of reporting clauses, modification by adjuncts, the presence of an object expressing the addressee and the position of reporting clauses with respect to their reported clauses. It also scrutinizes the instances of leaving the reporting clause unexpressed and of certain transient forms. The ascertained values are then compared with a translatology paper on the same topic. The findings of this thesis confirm that while Czech reporting clauses strive for diversity by a number of means, English reporting clauses strive for inconspicuousness. This thesis attempts to contribute to a better understanding of reporting clauses. The outlined findings may be helpful especially to translators and fiction writers. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

This study aims at analyzing how women and men in five different professions are portrayed and represented through reporting verbs in Czech media over a period of 25 years (end of 1989 to the beginning of 2015). The empirical data consist of entire newspapers and magazines in the source material, a subcorpus from the Czech National Corpus. The theoretical basis is Critical discourse analysis and the methodical is a corpus-based statistical analysis. Binary categories from the Harvard Psychosociological Dictionary are used to classify the reporting verbs. After a quantitative study, the results are clear for some professions and less clear for others, and these results are analyzed. This study could not (at least not without severe adjustments) have been performed in languages like English, where the distinction between the female and male professional concepts is less clear. In the chapter on previous research, special attention is given to the Czech context, and the chapter also explains this study’s contribution to previous research in language, power and corpus studies.

Based on a corpus analysis of 72 research articles, this thesis examines citation practices in four academic disciplines, two soft (linguistics and art history) and two hard (biology and astronomy). The first part provides quantitative results for the usage of two basic types, integral and non-integral citation. The non-integral type is preferred mainly in biology (91%), whereas astronomy and linguistics do not show such strong preference. In art history, both types are used with similar frequencies. The second part is focused on integral citation and examines instances of its sub-types (verb-controlling, naming and non-citation). The third part analyses the distribution of citations in the individual sections of research articles which shows to be dependent on the structural organization of the article. In general, two tendencies have been found: in articles with IMRD structure (biology and linguistics), citations occur mainly in the introduction and discussion. In astronomy and art history, citations are almost evenly distributed across the text. The last part of this thesis is focused on reporting verbs and their semantic classification (research, cognitive and discourse acts). Astronomy shows strong preference for research acts verbs, whilst biology employs this type only slightly more often...