Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T20:31:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarioCezarLopes.pdf: 6312757 bytes, checksum: c5b01bb7a1d9e1c055cd817aa134ab48 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-12-15 / The construction in the space notion is essential to understand geographical concepts. This study is about the pedagogical practice by the geography and history teachers attending the course of qualification over the construction of maps and models at the qualification center in Faxinal do Céu city – The Professor’ s University, during the period from November of 2001 to October of 2002. The theoretical base is the Jean Piaget s psychology and genetic epistemology. By means of interviews and questionnaires, we have investigated the understanding the teachers have about space and how children develop information indicate: the necessity of having a bigger experimental directioning of the notions of space during the formation process, the necessity of planning the pedagogical action as an internalization of actions, making possible a better acknowledged reading and representation of space. / A construção na noção espacial é chave para a compreensão dos conceitos geográficos. Este estudo trata da prática pedagógica dos professores de Geografia e História participantes do Curso de Capacitação em Construção de Mapas e Maquetes, no Centro de Capacitação de Faxinal do Céu – Universidade do Professor, no período de novembro de 2001 a outubro de 2002. A fundamentação teórica é a da psicologia e epistemologia genética de Jean Piaget. Através de entrevista e questionário, investigamos a compreensão que o professor possui de espaço e de como a criança constrói esta noção e o seu papel nesta construção dentro da prática pedagógica. As Informações levantadas indicam: a necessidade de haver um maior direcionamento experimental das noções de espaço durante o processo de formação; a importância de procedimentos didático-pedagógicos para a construção do conhecimento das noções espaciais, assentadas nos estágios de Piaget; a necessidade do planejamento da ação pedagógica como um processo de interiorização das ações, possibilitando assim, uma leitura e representação de espaço mais conscientizada.

An issue widely discussed in robotics research is the ageing society with its consequences for care-giving institutions and opportunities for developments in the area of service robots and robot companions. The general idea of using robotic systems in a personal or private context to support an independent way of living not only for the elderly but also for the physically impaired is pursued in different ways, ranging from socially oriented robotic pets to mobile assistants. Thus, the idea of the personalised general service robot is not too far fetched. Crucial for such a service robot is the ability to navigate in its working environment, which has to be assumed an arbitrary domestic or office-like environment that is shared with human users and bystanders. With methods developed and investigated in the field of simultaneous localisation and mapping it has become possible for mobile robots to explore and map an unknown environment, while they can stay localised with respect to their starting point and the surroundings. These approaches though do not consider the representation of the environment that is used by humans to refer to particular places. Robotic maps are often metric representations of features that can be obtained from sensory data. Humans have a more topological, in fact partially hierarchical way of representing environments. Especially for the communication between a user and her personal robot it is thus necessary to provide a link between the robotic map and the human understanding of the robot's workspace. The term Human Augmented Mapping is used for a framework that allows to integrate a robotic map with human concepts. Communication about the environment can thus be facilitated. By assuming an interactive setting for the map acquisition process it is possible for the user to influence the process significantly. Personal preferences can be made part of the environment representation that is acquired by the robot. Advantages become also obvious for the mapping process itself, since in an interactive setting the robot can ask for information and resolve ambiguities with the help of the user. Thus, a scenario of a ``guided tour'' in which a user can ask a robot to follow and present the surroundings is assumed as the starting point for a system for the integration of robotic mapping, interaction and human environment representations. A central point is the development of a generic, partially hierarchical environment model, that is applied in a topological graph structure as part of an overall experimental Human Augmented Mapping system implementation. Different aspects regarding the representation of entities of the spatial concepts used in this hierarchical model, particularly considering regions, are investigated. The proposed representation is evaluated both as description of delimited regions and for the detection of transitions between them. In three user studies different aspects of the human-robot interaction issues of Human Augmented Mapping are investigated and discussed. Results from the studies support the proposed model and representation approaches and can serve as basis for further studies in this area. / QC 20100914

Στο πρώτο μέρος της έρευνάς μας, επιχειρείται η τεκμηρίωση της επιλογής του θέματος, έτσι ώστε να διατυπωθεί και να δικαιολογηθεί ο σκοπός και ο στόχος της έρευνας. Τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες, ερευνητές τόσο από τον χώρο της ψυχολογίας όσο και από τον χώρο της εκπαίδευσης, τονίζουν την σπουδαιότητα του υλικού χώρου στην ανάπτυξη και εκμάθηση εννοιών. Επιχειρούν να ερευνήσουν και να εισάγουν έννοιες που συνδέονται τόσο με τον χώρο όσο και με μορφές αναπαράστασής του. Ερευνούν τις ικανότητες των παιδιών στην κατανόηση και χρησιμοποίησή των αναπαραστάσεων αυτών. Αρχικά γίνεται μια αποσαφήνιση των εννοιών του χώρου, της έννοιας της αναπαράστασης και των μορφών αναπαράστασης του χώρου. Στη συνέχεια γίνεται μια μικρή ιστορική αναδρομή και αναφορά ερευνών σχετικών με μορφές αναπαράστασης του χώρου που διαπραγματεύονται κυρίως χάρτες, μοντέλα, αεροφωτογραφίες και φωτογραφίες. Η φωτογραφία είναι μια μορφή αναπαράστασης του χώρου, ίσως η πιο απλή, λόγω της φανερής ομοιότητας με τον χώρο και χρησιμοποιείται κυρίως ως βασικό βοηθητικό υλικό για την διεξαγωγή ερευνών αλλά και δραστηριοτήτων στο νηπιαγωγείο. Στη έρευνα αυτή εξετάζεται η ικανότητα των παιδιών προσχολικής εκπαίδευσης να την αντιλαμβάνονται ως μορφή αναπαράστασης του χώρου και να τη χρησιμοποιούν ως χάρτη για να βρουν τη θέση τους αλλά και τη θέση άλλων αντικειμένων στο χώρο καθώς και να υποδεικνύουν σε φωτογραφία τη θέση αντικείμενων του πραγματικού χώρου. Στη συνέχεια αναφερόμαστε και τονίζουμε στοιχεία του αναλυτικού προγράμματος σπουδών του νηπιαγωγείου όπου συνδέονται με έννοιες του χώρου, με μορφές αναπαράστασης του και με τη φωτογραφία. Στο δεύτερο μέρος παρουσιάζουμε το μεθοδολογικό πλαίσιο της εργασίας μας, το αντικείμενο της έρευνας που απορρέει από την θεωρητική προβληματική και γίνεται παρουσίαση των ερευνητικών ερωτημάτων και του δείγματος. Η διερεύνηση πραγματοποιήθηκε με ατομικές συνεντεύξεις με 18 νήπια και προνήπια ηλικίας περίπου 5,5 ετών. Τέλος στο τρίτο μέρος της εργασίας παρουσιάζονται τα αποτελέσματα, η ανάλυση τους καθώς και τα συμπεράσματα. Από τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας φαίνεται ότι η ικανότητα των παιδιών να αντιλαμβάνονται και να χρησιμοποιούν τη φωτογραφία ως μορφή αναπαράστασης του χώρου, για να βρουν τη θέση τους, τη θέση του φωτογράφου, τη θέση αντικειμένων στο χώρο καθώς και να υποδεικνύουν τη θέση αντικειμένων του πραγματικού χώρου στις φωτογραφίες, δεν είναι ακόμα πλήρως αναπτυγμένη καθώς το μεγαλύτερο μέρος των παιδιών δυσκολεύεται και δεν μπορεί να πραγματοποιήσει με επιτυχία όλες τις δραστηριότητες. / In the first part of our investigation, we attempt to document the choice of topic, to formulate and justify the purpose and objective of the research. In recent decades, researchers from both the fields of psychology and education, stress the importance of space at the development and learning of concepts. They attempt to investigate and introduce concepts related to both space itself and forms of its representation. They investigate the children’s ability to understand and use these representations. Originally we clarify the concepts of space, the concept of representation and forms of representation of space. This is followed by historical background and reference researches related to forms of representation of space, regarding mainly maps, models, aerial photographs and images. Photograph is the simplest form of representation of space, because of the apparent similarity to the space and is mainly used as a basic reference material for conducting research and activities in kindergarten. This survey tests the ability of preschool education children to perceive photographs as a form of representation of space and use it as a map to indicate their own position, the position of the photographer and the position of other objects in real space. Then we talk and stress components of the kindergarten curriculum associated with notions of space, forms of representation and photographs. The second part presents the methodological framework of our work, the research stemming from the theoretical problematic and the research’s questions and sample. The investigation carried out by individual interviews with 18 toddlers and preschoolers aged approximately 5.5 years. Finally the third part of the work presents the results, their analysis and conclusions. From the survey results it appears that children's ability to understand and use photographs as a form of representation of space, to find their place, the location of the photographer, location of objects in space and indicate the position of real space objects in images are not yet fully developed as the majority of the children finds difficulties in carrying out all of the activities successfully.

O tema central desta tese se fundamenta no processo conflituoso e contraditório da produção do espaço de Belo Horizonte à luz do paradigma da modernidade. No final do século XIX, a nova capital das Minas é idealizada para representar uma espacialidade moderna distante da antiga imagem colonial de Ouro Preto. O antigo Arraial de Belo Horizonte é destruído para que a nova cidade republicana fosse produzida. Aarão Reis, engenheiro responsável pela idealização da nova capital, revela, no traçado urbano, expressiva influência da urbanística moderna presente nas cidades europeias. Nesse sentido, o projeto da capital republicana revela legados socioespaciais de uma modernidade pretérita que são reinscritos na cidade por meio de novos usos e apropriações. A gestão municipal de Juscelino Kubistchek anuncia políticas urbanas capazes de promover, na capital das Minas, as condições necessárias à produção de novas espacialidades modernizadas pela abertura de grandes avenidas, novos eixos de crescimento da cidade; pela produção do Complexo Arquitetônico da Pampulha, pelo incentivo à cultura mineira e, - o diálogo com o movimento cultural e artístico da nação Assim, gestam-se as condições de produção de uma nova morfologia urbana: a metrópole. A partir da análise do distanciamento estabelecido entre a representação do espaço idealizado e a produção dos espaços de suas representações, refletiu-se nesta tese, sobre a produção de um saber político engendrado no espaço urbano de Belo Horizonte. Os caminhos percorridos em prol da modernidade prometida lançaram a capital nos trilhos do projeto industrial. A gestão municipal de Juscelino Kubistchek promoveu legados socioespaciaos que viabilizaram a espacialidade de uma metrópole em construção/reconstrução. Os desdobramentos da produção da metrópole revelam-se em novas políticas urbanas que, guiadas pela promessa modernizante, patrimonializam as antigas formas e lhes atribuem novos conteúdos. A Praça da Liberdade é um exemplo claro desse processo: produzida para representar os ideais republicanos, encontra-se hoje inserida no Circuito das mercadorias Culturais, mercantiliza, a partir da patrimonialização do seu patrimônio, os legados de uma modernidade pretérita. / The central theme of this thesis is based on the conflicting and contradictory process of the production of the space of Belo Horizonte in the light of the paradigm of modernity. In the late nineteenth century, the new capital of Minas is idealized to represent a modern spatiality, different from the old colonial image of Ouro Preto. The former Arraial de Belo Horizonte was destroyed so that the new republican city was produced. Aarão Reis, the engineer responsible for the idealization of the capital, reveals, through the urban layout, a significant influence of the modern urbanistic present in European cities. Therefore, the project of the republican capital reveals socio-spatial legacies of a past modernity that are reinserted in the city through new uses and appropriations. The city management of Juscelino Kubitschek presents, following the spatial modernity in Belo Horizonte, representations that advertise urban policies able to promote, in the capital of Minas, the necessary conditions to the production of new modernizing spatialities. To ensure, through the great avenues, new axes of the city growth; from the production of Pampulha Architectural Complex, the emergence of a new man, the modern one; from encouraging the local culture, the dialogue with the cultural and artistic movement of the nation has generated the conditions of production of a new urban morphology: the metropolis. In this sense, the theoretical reflections were based on the analysis of the production of Belo Horizonte, a city which has never freed itself from the idealization of being represented as permanently modern. From the analysis of the distance established between the representation of idealized space and the production of the spaces of its representations, there is the production of political knowledge engendered in the urban area of Belo Horizonte. The paths taken in favor of the \"promised modernity\" launched the capital on the tracks of the industrial project. The city government of Juscelino Kubitschek has promoted socio-spatial legacies that enabled the spatiality of a metropolis in production. The consequences of the production of the metropolis reveal themselves in new urban policies which, guided by the \"modernizing promise\", patrimonialize the old ways and engender new content in the old ways by replacing the city in the list of new urbanities. The Liberty Square, produced to represent the republican ideals, now included in the Circuit of Cultural goods, commercializes, from the patrimonialization of their heritage, the legacies of a past modernity.

Orientador: Rosângela Doin de Almeida / Banca: Alfredo Pereira de Queiroz Filho / Banca: Belarmino Cesar Guimarães da Costa / Resumo: A emergência das novas tecnologias de comunicação e informação tem transformado profundamente o modo de produzir mapas. As recentes ferramentas de mapeamento online abriram o mundo dos mapas para as pessoas em geral, permitindo que não cartógrafos criassem, individualmente ou colaborativamente, suas próprias representações espaciais. A presente pesquisa busca investigar as mudanças culturais introduzidas pelas tecnologias do ciberespaço nas práticas de mapeamento e nas representações criadas por elas. Desse modo, iremos apresentar uma discussão teórica sobre os caminhos que a cartografia contemporânea vem tomando nesse novo contexto técnico-cultural / Abstract: The emergence of new technologies of communication and information has deeply transformed the way of making maps. The recently online mapping tools opened the world of maps to people in general, allowing non-cartographers to create, individually or collaboratively, their own spatial representation. This work searches to investigate the cultural changes introduced by cyberspace technologies in the practices of mapping and in the representations resulted from them. Then, we will present a theoretical discussion about the paths that contemporary cartography has been taking in this new technical-cultural context / Mestre

Diss.--Zugl.: Univ. of Pittsburgh, 1986. / Includes bibliographical references and index.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-04-09Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:17:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 canto_ts_me_rcla.pdf: 3186094 bytes, checksum: 185fc9dc1340a2d0e290cf1b0451b53a (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A emergência das novas tecnologias de comunicação e informação tem transformado profundamente o modo de produzir mapas. As recentes ferramentas de mapeamento online abriram o mundo dos mapas para as pessoas em geral, permitindo que não cartógrafos criassem, individualmente ou colaborativamente, suas próprias representações espaciais. A presente pesquisa busca investigar as mudanças culturais introduzidas pelas tecnologias do ciberespaço nas práticas de mapeamento e nas representações criadas por elas. Desse modo, iremos apresentar uma discussão teórica sobre os caminhos que a cartografia contemporânea vem tomando nesse novo contexto técnico-cultural / The emergence of new technologies of communication and information has deeply transformed the way of making maps. The recently online mapping tools opened the world of maps to people in general, allowing non-cartographers to create, individually or collaboratively, their own spatial representation. This work searches to investigate the cultural changes introduced by cyberspace technologies in the practices of mapping and in the representations resulted from them. Then, we will present a theoretical discussion about the paths that contemporary cartography has been taking in this new technical-cultural context

O tema central desta tese se fundamenta no processo conflituoso e contraditório da produção do espaço de Belo Horizonte à luz do paradigma da modernidade. No final do século XIX, a nova capital das Minas é idealizada para representar uma espacialidade moderna distante da antiga imagem colonial de Ouro Preto. O antigo Arraial de Belo Horizonte é destruído para que a nova cidade republicana fosse produzida. Aarão Reis, engenheiro responsável pela idealização da nova capital, revela, no traçado urbano, expressiva influência da urbanística moderna presente nas cidades europeias. Nesse sentido, o projeto da capital republicana revela legados socioespaciais de uma modernidade pretérita que são reinscritos na cidade por meio de novos usos e apropriações. A gestão municipal de Juscelino Kubistchek anuncia políticas urbanas capazes de promover, na capital das Minas, as condições necessárias à produção de novas espacialidades modernizadas pela abertura de grandes avenidas, novos eixos de crescimento da cidade; pela produção do Complexo Arquitetônico da Pampulha, pelo incentivo à cultura mineira e, - o diálogo com o movimento cultural e artístico da nação Assim, gestam-se as condições de produção de uma nova morfologia urbana: a metrópole. A partir da análise do distanciamento estabelecido entre a representação do espaço idealizado e a produção dos espaços de suas representações, refletiu-se nesta tese, sobre a produção de um saber político engendrado no espaço urbano de Belo Horizonte. Os caminhos percorridos em prol da modernidade prometida lançaram a capital nos trilhos do projeto industrial. A gestão municipal de Juscelino Kubistchek promoveu legados socioespaciaos que viabilizaram a espacialidade de uma metrópole em construção/reconstrução. Os desdobramentos da produção da metrópole revelam-se em novas políticas urbanas que, guiadas pela promessa modernizante, patrimonializam as antigas formas e lhes atribuem novos conteúdos. A Praça da Liberdade é um exemplo claro desse processo: produzida para representar os ideais republicanos, encontra-se hoje inserida no Circuito das mercadorias Culturais, mercantiliza, a partir da patrimonialização do seu patrimônio, os legados de uma modernidade pretérita. / The central theme of this thesis is based on the conflicting and contradictory process of the production of the space of Belo Horizonte in the light of the paradigm of modernity. In the late nineteenth century, the new capital of Minas is idealized to represent a modern spatiality, different from the old colonial image of Ouro Preto. The former Arraial de Belo Horizonte was destroyed so that the new republican city was produced. Aarão Reis, the engineer responsible for the idealization of the capital, reveals, through the urban layout, a significant influence of the modern urbanistic present in European cities. Therefore, the project of the republican capital reveals socio-spatial legacies of a past modernity that are reinserted in the city through new uses and appropriations. The city management of Juscelino Kubitschek presents, following the spatial modernity in Belo Horizonte, representations that advertise urban policies able to promote, in the capital of Minas, the necessary conditions to the production of new modernizing spatialities. To ensure, through the great avenues, new axes of the city growth; from the production of Pampulha Architectural Complex, the emergence of a new man, the modern one; from encouraging the local culture, the dialogue with the cultural and artistic movement of the nation has generated the conditions of production of a new urban morphology: the metropolis. In this sense, the theoretical reflections were based on the analysis of the production of Belo Horizonte, a city which has never freed itself from the idealization of being represented as permanently modern. From the analysis of the distance established between the representation of idealized space and the production of the spaces of its representations, there is the production of political knowledge engendered in the urban area of Belo Horizonte. The paths taken in favor of the \"promised modernity\" launched the capital on the tracks of the industrial project. The city government of Juscelino Kubitschek has promoted socio-spatial legacies that enabled the spatiality of a metropolis in production. The consequences of the production of the metropolis reveal themselves in new urban policies which, guided by the \"modernizing promise\", patrimonialize the old ways and engender new content in the old ways by replacing the city in the list of new urbanities. The Liberty Square, produced to represent the republican ideals, now included in the Circuit of Cultural goods, commercializes, from the patrimonialization of their heritage, the legacies of a past modernity.

Que cherchent à représenter et à percevoir les Romains, lorsqu’ils décrivent un parcours topographique ou géographique dans le cadre de l’art figuré ? Comment construisent-ils mentalement les déplacements géographiques réels ou imaginaires ? Comment se construit la carte mentale entre l’image et le récit ? La « mosaïque aux Îles » d’Haïdra est un parfait exemple qui nous permet de réfléchir sur ces questions. Elle a été découverte en 1995 sur le sol d’une pièce d’un grand édifice dans le quartier suburbain de la cité antique d’Ammaedara en Afrique proconsulaire. Attribuée à la fin du IIIe ou au début du IVe siècle, cette mosaïque offre la vue d’un espace insulaire avec une série de quinze îles et villes de la Méditerranée orientale et de la Sicile dont douze sont désignées par une légende en latin : Cnidos, Cnossos, Cypros, Cytherae, Egusa, Erycos, Idalium, Lemnos, Naxos, Paphos, Rhodos et Scyros. La représentation des îles et des villes ainsi que la manière de restituer leur succession ne correspondent pas à la réalité géographique, alors que ces zones ont été décrites par les auteurs anciens. Ce travail se propose d’étudier la structuration spatiale, la coordination et le montage des éléments réalistes et imaginaires des lieux dans l’art romain, à partir de cette mosaïque. Il s’agira d’analyser les différentes images qui rendent compte de la dualité à la frontière entre la notion de paysage figuré et celle de la cartographie ; il s’agira également de recueillir dans les sources écrites les descriptions spatiales de la géographie physique et littéraire évoquant un paysage culturel. / What do the Romans aim to represent and perceive when they describe a topographical or geographical trajectory within the framework of figurative art? How do they mentally build real or imagined geographical journeys? How is the mental path created from the image and the narrative? The "Mosaïque aux Îles" of Haidra is a perfect example that allows us to think about these issues. It was discovered in 1995 on the floor of a room in a large building in the suburban district of the ancient city of Ammaedara in Africa Proconsularis. Attributed to the end of the 3rd or the beginning of the 4th century, this mosaic offers the view of an insular space with a series of fifteen islands and cities of the eastern Mediterranean and Sicily, twelve of which are designated by an inscription in Latin: Cnidos, Cnossos, Cypros, Cytherae, Egusa, Erycos, Idalium, Lemnos, Naxos, Paphos, Rhodos, and Scyros. Therepresentation of islands and cities as well as the manner of reconstructing their succession do not correspond to the geographical reality, although ancient authors have described these areas. This work aims to study the spatial structuring, the coordination, and the assembly of the realistic and imaginary elements of places in Roman art, on the basis of this mosaic. The different images that represent the duality at the boundary between the notion of landscape painting and that of cartography have been analysed. Also, the spatial descriptions of the physical and literary geography evoking a cultural landscape have been collected in the written sources.

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / The original contribution of this thesis is to demonstrate the use of a generalised and parsimonious approach to building individual-based computer models of ecological systems with the objective of advancing our mechanistic understanding of these systems. Two models are presented; the first, a model of predator-prey interaction, produces the expected non-linear dynamics and illustrates the importance of the timing of variable updating and individual variation for the persistence of the populations. This model is applied to two near-exclusive, cycling predator-prey systems, those of the Canadian lynx and snowshoe hare and the Fennoscandian mustelid predators and their microtine prey. The reproduction of the patterns found in the empirical data of these systems by the model suggests that the underlying mechanism of these predator-prey systems may be more simple than is suggested by other more complex models reported in the literature. The second model describes a system similar to that of a grazing herbivore in a two-dimensional space. The emergence of complex behaviour resulting from the use of space in the model, including metapopulation-like local extinction and re-population and the effects of corridors and edge qualities on the species are demonstrated. The inclusion of a graphical display of the two-dimensional space in the computer interface to the model reveals important details of system behaviour not evident in the population means, including herding behaviour. The latter is dependent on herbivore mobility and the re-growth of resources in an heterogeneous environment, and emerges in the absence of social behaviour. The problem of detecting herding behaviour automatically is addressed, including the development of qualitative and quantitative definitions of herding in the model.