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This masters project was undertaken to have a better knowledge of the female lion reproductive tract and to equip the author for future surgical studies on this organ system. The objectives of this study were to describe the arterial supply and histology of the female reproductive organs of the African lion. The reproductive organs of three embalmed cadavers and two fresh carcasses from three-year-old known aged nulliparous lionesses weighing between 120 kg and 140 kg were studied. The project was approved by the Animal Use and Care Committee and Research Committee of the University of Pretoria (protocol number V038-09). The arterial supply of the reproductive organs was studied and described in situ and after removal and histology was subsequently performed. A novel technique in Veterinary anatomy involving the maceration of a silicone cast was used in the two fresh carcasses and all five specimens were incorporated in the comparative and arterial studies. Histology was performed on organs from the three embalmed cadavers. The anatomical information obtained during this study was subsequently applied in a surgical study on sixteen lionesses using laparoscopy to perform laparoscopic ovariectomy and salpingectomy. The availability of these two laparoscopic procedures subsequently led to a wider interest to its application in population control of lions in the smaller national parks of South Africa. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Anatomy and Physiology / unrestricted

This thesis deals with the sphenopterid types of ferns from the Czech Carboniferous basins. Thesis is presented as a combination of two published papers in peer-reviewed journals, one manuscript in review and one manuscript ready for submission. The actual text of the thesis is a general introduction with introduction to the study subject of sphenopterid ferns, methodology, studied type collections, terminology and the result of my study. The introduction of the thesis provides a general overview of the ferns and history of their studies. All four papers presented here are focussed on modern redescription, redefinition, emendation and revision of genera Boweria Kidston, Dendraena Němejc, Sturia Němejc. Based on the revision of these genera, following two new genera were established: Kidstoniopteris gen.nov. and Paraszea gen.nov. A new species Boweria nowarudensis has been described during the course of this study. The "whole plant concept" was applied to all studied specimens, which allows to obtain as much information on the ferns morphology, anatomy, and reproductive organs as possible. This was combined with data on in situ spores as well as sedimentological and petrological analyses. The sporangial cells as annulus, stomium and apical cells and in situ spores were described for all genera and...

The objectivie of this study was to describe the splanchnology and topography of the female reproductive organs of the African lion. The reproductive organs of three embalmed cadavers from three-year-old known aged nulliparous lionesses weighing between 120 kg and 140 kg were studied. Two fresh carcasses from another study were used for some of the topographical photos since these rendered better quality images. The project was approved by the Animal Use and Care Committee and Research Committee of the University of Pretoria (protocol number V038-09). The topography and splanchnology of the reproductive organs were studied and described in situ and after removal. The kidneys were located far caudally in relation to the thirteenth ribs with the left kidney further caudal. The suspensory ligament was very well developed. It originated in a fan-like manner from the dorso-lateral abdominal wall lateral to the kidney extending up to a few centimetres cranial to the kidney. The proper ligament of the ovary was well developed and consisted of several clearly distinguishable bands. The broad ligament resembled that of the cat with the exeption of the cranial part of the mesovarium being very well developed. The round ligament was well developed and inserted on the medial femoral fascia. It therefore did not extend to the vulva as in other canine and feline species. The left ovary was longer, wider and heavier than its right counterpart and the ovaries were relatively small in relation to body weight. The ovarian bursa had a short mesosalpinx that did not cover any part of the ovary and the fimbriae extended the entire length of the ovary. The urethral tuberculum as well as the urethral crest was very well developed. The left uterine horn was longer than the right and the tip of the uterine horn was located dorsal to the proper ligament. The uterine tube was prominently convoluted, situated entirely on the lateral aspect of the ovary and was found to open directly into the tip of the uterine horn and not onto a papilla. The female reproductive organs of the African lion resemble that of the domestic cat and dog with some major differences especially to the size and development of certain structures. The clinical relevance of these differences has to be debated and some thoughts might include the following: 1) does the suspensory and proper ligaments of the gravid uterus contract to suspend the entire uterus closer to the body wall during hunting since the lioness is the primary hunter in the pride? 2) does the lioness have to roll on her back and extend her back legs after mating to facilitate sperm entering the dorsally located tip of the uterine horn while the round ligament stabilises the terminal part of the uterine horn, and does this have a bearing on the fact that multiple copulations are required over a prolonged period for conception by lions? 3) do more ovulations take place from the bigger left ovary and? 4) are more conceptusses borne by the longer left uterine horn? The anatomical information obtained during this study was subsequently applied in a surgical study on sixteen lionesses using laparoscopy to perform laparoscopic ovariectomy and salpingectomy. The availability of these two laparoscopic procedures subsequently led to a wider interest to its application in population control of lions in the smaller national parks of South Africa. / Dissertation (MMedVet)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / gm2014 / Companion Animal Clinical Studies / unrestricted

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:22:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_ Marcelo_ Couto.pdf: 11730472 bytes, checksum: afd142b8d56cb58f0be9327a636499ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-11-27 / Insufficient chilling accumulation limits the production of peach in subtropical areas. Comparatively this combined with the wide temperature fluctuation during bud differentiation, through the bloom period and fruit growth and development may cause crop losses. Problems with low productivity in southern Rio Grande do Sul often attributed to the mild winter conditions, however, the environmental conditions especially around bloom period to be critical for optimal yields. In subtropical áreas temperature oscillations may cause problems during fertilization with subsequent reduction of fruit set and production instability of some peach cultivars. To better understand the effect of high temperatures on flower differentiation, pre-blooming, blooming, fruit set and fruit development and growth observations were made during the stages of bud differentiation, leafing and blooming, which included pollen production and viability, floral morphology, fruit set and the fruit growth and development. Temperature elevation with the tree was obtained by bagging branches with transparent plastic or with transparent plastic bottles. Plants of two low chilling peach cultivars (200 to 300 hours): Granada and Maciel were used in the years of 2003, 2004 and 2005. Conditions of high temperatures during the period of bud differentiation of Granada and Maciel did not promote the formation of double pistils or any morphologic anomalies. Bagging shoots with transparent plastic bags and plastic bottles is a simple and economical way of increasing the temperature on the branches under field conditions. High temperatures conditions during pre-blooming period advanced and accelerated the flowers anthesis and pistil growth. Flower morphology, regarding pistil length and weight, was not influenced by temperature elevation under experimental conditions. High temperatures during the pre-blooming negatively influenced the fruit set of the peach cultivar Granada. The percentage of in vitro pollen germination was different among cultivars and incubation temperatures. Pollen viability of cultivars Esmeralda, Granada, Jade and Maciel, can be evaluated by in vitro germination in standard culture medium (10% of sucrose + 1% of agar, dissolved in distilled water), three hours after the inoculation, with incubation at 24°C and 28°C. Under high temperatures conditions during the stage I of fruit growth and development of peach cultivars Granada and Maciel, cell division may be accelerated since a larger number of cells was counted in the pericarp tissue. / As horas de frio necessárias às gemas vegetativas e floríferas, quando insuficientes, limitam a produção de pessegueiros nas zonas subtropicais e temperadas brasileiras. A redução na produtividade pode ocorrer também, devido a variações bruscas na temperatura durante os períodos de diferenciação das gemas, préfloração, floração, crescimento e desenvolvimento dos frutos desta espécie. Estas variações de temperatura podem ser uma das causas da instabilidade produtiva de algumas cultivares de pessegueiro. Muito dos problemas que se verificam, após a floração ou mesmo na colheita, como baixa produtividade, atribuídos muitas vezes, apenas às condições de inverno com pouco frio que ocorrem no sul do Rio Grande do Sul, podem ter origem em etapa anterior do desenvolvimento e, muito provavelmente, na diferenciação floral. Com os objetivos de estudar a influência de altas temperaturas sobre diferenciação de gemas, pré-floração, floração, frutificação efetiva, crescimento e desenvolvimento de frutos, foram realizadas observações no avanço dos estádios de diferenciação das gemas, épocas de brotação e floração, testes de viabilidade e produção de pólen. Foram, ainda, feitas observações na morfologia e biologia floral, frutificação efetiva, crescimento e desenvolvimento dos frutos. A elevação da temperatura foi proporcionada com a utilização de casas de plástico ou através do ensacamento dos ramos com mangas de plástico transparente ou garrafas de plástico. Foram utilizadas plantas de duas cultivares comerciais de pessegueiro de baixa necessidade de frio (200 a 300 horas): Granada e Maciel em 2003, 2004 e 2005. Não há a formação de pistilos duplos ou quaisquer anomalias morfológicas mesmo sob temperaturas maiores que 25°C durante o período de diferenciação das gemas das cultivares de pessegueiro Granada e Maciel. Há diferenças entre cultivares e entre temperaturas de incubação quanto à porcentagem de germinação do pólen in vitro. A viabilidade do pólen das cultivares de pessegueiro testadas (Esmeralda, Granada, Jade e Maciel) pode ser avaliada por germinação in vitro em meio de cultura padrão (10% de sacarose + 1% de agar, dissolvidos em água destilada), três horas após a inoculação, com incubação a 24°C e 28°C. Ensacamento de ramos com plástico transparente ou com garrafas de plástico, é uma forma simples e econômica de aumentar a temperatura junto aos ramos das plantas, em condições de campo, sendo mais efetivo que o uso de estufas de plástico. Conclui-se que em condições de temperaturas elevadas, durante a pré-floração, ocorre a antecipação da antese das flores para as cultivares Granada e Maciel. A morfologia das flores, em relação ao comprimento e ao peso dos pistilos, não é influenciada pela elevação da temperatura nas condições experimentais utilizadas. Temperaturas elevadas durante a pré-floração, influenciam negativamente na frutificação efetiva da cultivar de pessegueiro Granada. Em condições de temperaturas, elevadas durante o estádio I de crescimento e desenvolvimento dos frutos, para as cultivares de pessegueiro Granada e Maciel, há uma tendência de formação de um maior número de células do pericarpo, o que ampliaria o potencial da produção de frutos com maior tamanho.