Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-03-30T11:15:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 patriciaaparecidadaniel.pdf: 3500302 bytes, checksum: 6ce77a584de445476bc8d26ebadf79e1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T02:50:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 patriciaaparecidadaniel.pdf: 3500302 bytes, checksum: 6ce77a584de445476bc8d26ebadf79e1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T02:50:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 patriciaaparecidadaniel.pdf: 3500302 bytes, checksum: 6ce77a584de445476bc8d26ebadf79e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-27 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A maior parte dos estudos sobre reprodução de moluscos terrestres foi realizada com espécies de climas temperados. Esse conhecimento é de suma importância para se realizar estratégias de manejo de populações de moluscos, assim como controle de parasitos. O presente trabalho teve por objetivos comparar aspectos da biologia reprodutiva e do desenvolvimento do sistema reprodutor dos moluscos da espécie Leptinaria unilamellata mantidos isolados e pareados, além de averiguar se os moluscos adultos dessa espécie expostos a condições desfavoráveis de umidade, retêm os filhotes em seu trato reprodutivo. Para o estudo da reprodução, foram constituídos dois grupos experimentais. Um grupo formado por 30 indivíduos recém-nascidos, mantidos isolados em terrários individuais e outro formado por 30 indivíduos mantidos em pares. Em intervalos de quinze dias, foi medido o comprimento da concha dos moluscos. O aparecimento de filhotes no terrário foi o parâmetro utilizado para a constatação da maturidade sexual. Foram realizadas observações diárias para a verificação do número de eventos reprodutivos realizados, do número de filhotes por evento reprodutivo e intervalo entre eventos reprodutivos. Para a determinação do investimento reprodutivo dos moluscos mantidos isolados e pareados, após o nascimento dos filhotes, os moluscos parentais e respectiva prole foram pesados para o cálculo desse índice. Com relação ao crescimento da concha, observou-se que durante a fase jovem, os indivíduos pareados apresentaram um ritmo mais rápido com relação aos isolados. Após a maturidade sexual, a taxa de crescimento dos moluscos isolados e pareados passou a ser semelhante e tendeu a se estabilizar no decorrer do tempo. Os moluscos mantidos pareados alcançaram primeiro a maturidade sexual do que os mantidos isolados. Além disso, os indivíduos mantidos pareados apresentaram mais eventos reprodutivos e um maior número de filhotes ao decorrer do experimento em comparação aos mantidos isolados. Com relação à fecundidade, os moluscos mantidos isolados apresentaram uma média significativamente maior em relação aos mantidos pareados (F=16.3585; p<0,0010). No decorrer de todos os eventos reprodutivos, os indivíduos pareados apresentaram um investimento reprodutivo médio significativamente menor quando comparado ao IR encontrado para os indivíduos isolados (8,15% e 12,28% respectivamente) (ANOVA p=0;F=34.0539). Para o estudo do desenvolvimento do sistema reprodutor, 30 indivíduos mantidos isolados e 30 pareados (sendo 6 indivíduos destinados ao estudo de cada faixa etária) nas idades de 15, 45, 75, 90 e 105 dias foram destinados ao estudo histológico. Foi possível observar que não há diferenças na conformação do sistema reprodutor nas diferentes idades e entre os moluscos mantidos isolados e pareados. Observou-se a presença do ovotestis nos moluscos com idade de 15 dias apenas os moluscos pareados, o que pode indicar que essa glândula é formada mais tardiamente nos moluscos mantidos isolados. Para a caracterização do comportamento de retenção dos filhotes, foram constituídos dois grupos experimentais contendo cada 30 moluscos mantidos isolados. O grupo 1 foi mantido durante todo o experimento sob condições favoráveis de umidade, enquanto que na primeira fase do experimento o grupo 2 foi submetido a condições desfavoráveis de umidade. Foi possível averiguar que os moluscos expostos ao estresse hídrico são capazes de reter seus filhotes no oviduto, sendo que realizam a postura logo que as condições de umidade se tornam melhores. Observou-se também que os moluscos da espécie L. unilamellata, além de entrarem no estado metabólico de estivação também são capazes de formar epifragma vedando assim a abertura da concha, evitando a perda de água para o ambiente. / Most of the studies on snails reproduction were realized with species of temperate climate. This knowledge is important to development of management strategies of snails populations, so as to controlling parasites. The present work aimed to compare aspects of reproductive biology and development of reproductive system of Leptinaria unilamellata maintained isolated and grouped, besides to ascertain if this snail species when exposed to unfavorable humidity conditions retain its offspring in their reproductive tract. Two experimental groups were made to assess reproduction. One with 30newly hatched individuals, maintained isolated and other with 30 individuals in pairs. Every fifteen days, the Shell length was measured. To verify the sexual maturity it was observed the presence of juveniles in the terrariums. Daily observations were realized too verify the number of reproductive events, the number of individuals in each event and the interval between reproductive events. To determinate the reproductive investment of snails from both groups, after birth, the parental snails and its offspring were heighted to provide data in order to calculate this index. With regard to shell growth, it was observed that in juveniles maintained in pairs showed higher growth rates in comparison to isolated ones. After maturity, the growth rates of isolated and paired snails were alike, with a trend to establishment in the course of time. Paired snails reached sexual maturity before isolated. Moreover, paired individuals presented more reproductive events and a larger number of juveniles when compared to isolated snails. The fecundity of isolated snails presented a mean significantly higher in relation to paired (F=16.3585; p<0,0010). During the observation period paired individuals showed mean reproductive investment significantly lower when compared to isolated individuals (8,15% and 12,28% respectively) (ANOVA p=0;F=34.0539). To assess the development of reproductive system, 30 individuals maintained isolated and 30 paired (with 6 individuals separated to the study of each age) at the ages of 15, 45, 75, 90 and 105 days were utilized in histological study. It was observed that there is no difference in reproductive system in the different ages and among snails maintained isolated and paired. The ovotestis was observed in15 days only in paired snails, which can indicate that this gland is formed lately in isolates snails. To verify the behavior of retention of the offspring it were made two groups, each one with 30 isolated snails. The group 1 was maintained under favorable humidity conditions, while in the first phase of the assay the group 2 was submitted to unfavorable humidity conditions. It was observed that snails exposed to water stress are capable to retain its offspring in the oviduct, realizing oviposition as soon as the humidity conditions improve. It was observed that L. unilamellata, besides aestivation they also can produce an epiphragm that sealing the shell and avoiding the water loss to the environment.

Presented thesis is mainly concerned with the conspecific brood parasitism (CBP) in birds. CBP is an alternative reproductive strategy when a parasitic female lay egg or eggs to other (host) female's nest of the same species. Then the parasitic female leaves the host's nest and does not provide any energetic investment in a subsequent parental care. Distinguish parasitic eggs or young is problematic because there are no obvious morphological differences. Thus, the use of molecular method is crucial for proper determination of CBP. CBP can be used as 'a best-of-bad-job' when female does not have her own nest or lost her nest for example through predation. Other option is that female can increase her fecundity ('fecundity enhancement' hypothesis) when she lay parasitic egg/eggs and care about her own clutch afterward. Two different model species were studied. The first one was a precocial diving duck - the common pochard (Aythya ferina; Anseriformes; Anatidae). Protein fingerprinting was used for detection of CBP and for distinguishing between eggs of individual females. It was found that the rate of CBP was relatively high in this species (91%, 72%; Chapter 1, 4). Further results indicated that the host clutch size decreased with the number of parasitic eggs in the clutch. The study of individual...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:36:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MonicaRO_TESE.pdf: 9199361 bytes, checksum: c0ccdbb9830c327846e159e62e15732a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-03 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The flyingfish, Hirundichthys affinis (G?nther, 1866) (Exocoetidae) and ballyhoo half beak, Hemiramphus brasiliensis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiramphidae) are marine fish species of commercial value, which contribute to artisanal fishery production of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Besides the economic importance, these fish are important from an ecological point of view, being components in pelagic food chain, where they are the preferred prey of larger predators of high commercial value. This study aimed to determine the reproductive strategies of H. affinis and H. brasiliensis and the fishery production of H. affinis in the northern coast of Rio Grande do Norte. The results are presented in the form of six cientific articles and a review paper. The first article presents the morphometric measurements and meristic counts which confirmed the taxonomic status, population structure in length-weight and the gonad development of H. affinis through macroscopic observations of the ovaries and testes. Females of this species were bigger and heavier than males. The second article describes the reproductive tactics, such as, sex ratio, length at first sexual maturity, histological aspects of gonads, fecundity and spawning season, that indicate the reproductive strategy of H. affinis. The third article shows annual changes in the fishery production of H. affinis in Cai?ara do Norte, during the period of 1993 to 2010, emphasizing the relevance of this fish in total fishery production of Rio Grande do Norte, besides registering the fall in production in the years 2008 to 2010. The fourth article describes the population structure, with respect to the length and weight, the length-weight relationship, growth type and sex ratio of Hemiramphus brasiliensis. The fifth article describes the reproductive biology of H. brasiliensis, with details about sex ratio, length at first sexual maturity, fecundity, type of breeding and spawning season. The sixth article deals with the reproductive strategy of H. brasiliensis. The review paper presents the topic of age determination of tropical fish using analysis of otoliths. Both species use the coastal waters of Cai?ara do Norte for reproductive purposes. The flying fish, H. affinis migrates from the oceanic waters to the coastal waters to reproduce, coinciding with the rainy season. H. affinis presents total spawning and a seasonal reproductive strategy. However, H. brasiliensis lives and reproduces in the coastal waters displaying partial spawning and an equilibrium reproductive strategy / O peixe-voador, Hirundichthys affinis (G?nther, 1866) (Exocoetidae) e a agulha preta, Hemiramphus brasiliensis (Linnaeus,1758) (Hemiramphidae) s?o peixes marinhos de valor comercial, que contribuem para a produ??o pesqueira artesanal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Esses peixes s?o importantes na teia alimentar pel?gica, pois constituem as principais presas preferidas de predadores de alto valor comercial. Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar as estrat?gias reprodutivas de H. affinis e de H. brasiliensis e a produ??o pesqueira de H. affinis no litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Norte. Os resultados est?o apresentados sob a forma de seis artigos cient?ficos e um artigo de revis?o. O primeiro artigo aborda as medidas morfom?tricas e contagens mer?sticas que confirmaram a taxonomia da esp?cie, a estrutura da popula??o em peso-comprimento e o desenvolvimento das g?nadas de H. affinis, atrav?s de observa??es macrosc?picas dos ov?rios e test?culos. Foi verificado que as f?meas s?o maiores e mais pesados do que os machos. O segundo artigo descreve ?s t?ticas reprodutivas, tais como, propor??o sexual, comprimento da primeira matura??o sexual, aspectos histol?gicos das g?nadas, fecundidade e per?odo de desova, que indicam a estrat?gia reprodutiva de H. affinis. O terceiro artigo mostra a varia??o anual da produ??o de H. affinis em Cai?ara do Norte, durante o per?odo de 1993 a 2010, dando ?nfase a relev?ncia desse peixe na produ??o pesqueira no RN, incluindo o registro da queda na produ??o durante os anos de 2008 a 2010. O quarto artigo apresenta a estrutura populacional, no que tange ao comprimento e peso, a rela??o peso-comprimento, o tipo de crescimento e a propor??o sexual de Hemiramphus brasiliensis. O quinto artigo apresenta a biologia reprodutiva de H. brasiliensis, com detalhes sobre a propor??o sexual, o comprimento da primeira matura??o sexual, a fecundidade, o tipo e o per?odo de desova. O sexto artigo descreve a estrat?gia reprodutiva de H. brasiliensis. O artigo de revis?o aborda o tema de determina??o da idade dos peixes tropicais atrav?s de ot?litos. As duas esp?cies utilizam o litoral de Cai?ara do Norte para fins reprodutivos. H. affinis migra das ?guas oce?nicas para as ?guas costeiras, coincidindo com o per?odo chuvoso. H. affinis apresenta desova total e a estrat?gia reprodutiva do tipo sazonal. Enquanto, H. brasiliensis vive e reproduz nas ?guas costeiras apresentando desova parcelada e uma estrat?gia reprodutiva do tipo de equil?brio

Les Sicydiinae amphidromes constituent une part importante des peuplements piscicoles insulaires de la région Indo-Pacifique et sont vulnérables à de nombreuses pressions anthropiques (i.e. pêcherie, dégradation et fragmentation des habitats). La reproduction a lieu en eau douce, puis les jeunes dévalent en mer où ils débutent leur croissance pendant quelques mois avant de coloniser les rivières. L’objectif est d’acquérir des connaissances sur les traits de vie de S. lagocephalus (cosmopolite) et de C. acutipinnis (endémique). Les travaux de terrain démontrent que le choix de l’habitat quotidien est fortement lié aux interactions sociales, alors que l’habitat de fraie montre une forte sélection pour des conditions morphodynamiques favorisant l’oxygénation des oeufs. Les mâles sélectionnent des sites de ponte et gardent les oeufs. L’étude expérimentale de la survie en eau douce confirme que tous les embryons libres possèdent la capacité à rejoindre la mer. L’analyse des traits de vie marins à partir des otolithes des post-larves révèle des variations saisonnières d’âge et de taille au recrutement, en lien avec la croissance et la température marine. L’examen histologique des ovaires permet de décrire les variations spatiales et temporelles de l’activité de reproduction chez les femelles en rivière et de déterminer la fécondité et la taille de première reproduction. Les variations inter et intra-spécifiques des traits de vie sontcomparées en lien avec la répartition géographique des deux espèces. Ces travaux permettent d’identifier des perspectives concrètes dans le domaine de la gestion et de la conservation sur la base des caractéristiques de la stratégie amphidrome. / Amphidromous Sicydiinae are particularly widespread among fish freshwater assemblages of the Indo-Pacific region and are vulnerable to anthropogenic pressures (i.e. fishery, degradation and fragmentation of habitats). Spawning and hatching happen in freshwater, then offspring drift downstream to the sea where they begin their growth for a few months before recruiting in the rivers. This study aims at acquire knowledge about life traits of S. lagocephalus (cosmopolite) and C. acutipinnis (endemic). Field sampling shows that the usual habitat choice is related to social interactions, whereasspawning habitat shows a strong selection for morphodynamic conditions which favor eggs oxygenation. Males select spawning sites and care for the eggs. The experimental study of freshwater survival confirms that free embryos survival and swimming capacities are enough to drift to the ocean. Marine life history analysis, based on postlarvae otoliths examination, reveals a seasonal variation of both age and size-atrecruitment related to the larval growth rate and the sea temperature. Histological examination of ovaries is used to describe the spatial and temporal variation of reproductive activity of mature females in the rivers, and to determine fecundity and size at first reproduction. Inter and intra-specific variations of life history traits are compared in relation to the respective geographical distribution of both species. This study identifies concrete prospects for management and conservation based on the features of amphidromous life history strategy.