The e-science vision is to create infrastructures to enable faster, better and more collaborative science to be carried out in the 21st Century. The goal is for these infrastructures to allow scientists to collaborate routinely, scaling geographical and disciplinary boundaries; to create ad hoc arrangements datasets, equipment or computational power to solve larger, more complex scientific problems; to federate remote datasets, hence, aiding scientists in data discovery and even data re-use. The work to turn the e-science vision into reality has been the subject of major research programmes in the UK (UK E-Science Programme) and the US (National Science Foundation’s Cyberinfrastructures Programme). Inevitably, e-science technologies and scientific practices will co-evolve as collaborative work becomes more prevalent, and cross-disciplinary work becomes routinised. Thus, the design and development of e-science technologies will play a critical part in the above process; there is a clear need to develop technologies which will accurately reflect end-users’ needs as well as account for the wider social structures of future scientific work. In e-science, there has been an on-going debate about whether new requirements techniques are needed to deal with the ‘unique’ characteristics of e-science projects, and the ambitious aims of e-science software. Some argue that e-science presents sufficiently novel combinations of challenges that new techniques are needed, whilst others argue that e-science practitioners should ‘borrow’ from pre-existing requirements engineering techniques. However, one barrier in settling this question (insomuch as it can be ‘settled’) is that there is currently a lack of empirical data on the requirements work and activities carried out in existing e-science projects. Studying requirements activities in e-science projects by examining the actual problems encountered would yield insights regarding the challenges in working out requirements for e-science technologies, and more generally, better inform the structure of requirements work in future projects. The research in this thesis examines the requirements activities of three UK e-science projects drawn from the astronomy, molecular simulation and translational science disciplines. Detailing the experience of project team members, the research explores issues and challenges encountered over the course of working out requirements for escience technologies. In particular, this research takes a slightly different approach from similar studies, with the unit of analysis being at the project level, reflecting shifts in emphasis on requirements work as projects evolve. Three aspects of requirements work in e-science projects are explored closely. Firstly, the temporal patterns in development work and how requirements activities fitted into such rhythms, phases and trajectories; secondly, the challenges of making a prototyping approach work; thirdly, the challenges of stabilising the ‘missing middle’ – a term to describe the gap between the high-level visionary description of the system from the project proposal, into fine-grained, detailed requirements. Then all three themes are drawn together, in order to make more general observations regarding the challenges of working out requirements for e-science technologies, as well as some observations regarding the shape of requirements work over the course of an e-science project. The thesis concludes that working out requirements for e-science technologies is challenging due to the complexities of supporting multi-disciplinary and multi-organisational work and the novelty of the technology to be developed. Team members have to grapple with multiple domains of knowledge, where there is little pre-existing expertise on how these aspects could be combined. Evidence from the data suggests that multiple strategies are employed to manage this complexity; where the selection of techniques is done on a contingent basis. Thus, one of the major implications of this thesis is to suggest more systematic and explicit capture of ‘lessons learnt’ from developers of previous e-science technologies.

Due to the increasing global competition in today¡¦s business environment, current Transaction Processing Systems and Management Information Systems can no longer satisfy the enterprise¡¦s needs. Mangers need to analyze data from different views to recognizing business status, making decisions, and setting up the policies. To support such works, many information systems and technologies are developed including Decision Support Systems, Executive Information Systems, data warehouses, and On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP). The implementation of OLAP and data warehousing project are expensive and risky. The results of implementing OLAP and data warehousing in most of the organizations do not, however, always prove a success. The common problem occurs in the requirement analysis phase when analyzing the dimensions and hierarchical relationships for OLAP. The user requirement can not be defined completely and the developers often need to modify or reconstruct the dimensions and hierarchical relationships to meet the user¡¦s changing needs. This is an enormous burden to the system developers. Although many tools with OLAP provide the flexibility for user creating analytical reports by using predefined dimensions and hierarchical relationships. However, a methodology for designing flexible report for OLAP to support ad hoc analysis is still lacking. This study proposes a methodology that is developed for designing flexible report for OLAP, which presents the dimensions and hierarchical relationships by visualized meta-templates and templates to help users create analysis reports. The methodology provides the flexibility not only in representing dimensions and hierarchical relationships for OLAP, but also in producing flexible reports. With such flexibility, the users can create analytical reports to support ad hoc analysis by choosing appropriated meta-template and template easily.

How to create, classify, store and share the external and internal knowledge effectively will be the main competitive advantages of a company in the new era of knowledge economy. It is extremely important to the software industry, an industry that is highly intensive in both knowledge and human power. Requirement Analysis is the first phase in software development process and is an important development base for the other phases. Therefore, it becomes the key success factor for a software product. This paper proposes a requirement construction procedure. First, it expresses the users' important requirements through requirement capture and requirement transformation process, with related tables and interface blueprints. Secondly, it transforms the interface blueprints into abstract templates and meta-templates based on the abstraction of the interface blueprints through the requirement structure analysis procedure. Based on these templates and meta-templates, it can create a knowledge management framework using the special features of objects and encapsulation. Then, the requirement-knowledge is able to be stored, integrated and reused effectively. Lastly, this paper uses the ERP of steel industry in a software company as an example. It applies the knowledge modeling process of requirement analysis by a case demonstrated in practice. The result of this research provides the tables and templates for a company to create a requirement analysis knowledge management system. This system may help analysts to analyze requirements, and hopefully, reduce the time in software development and enhance the quality of software products.

No description available.

The electronic system in automobiles has become more important in providing safety, comfort and entertainment, at the same time less harmful to the environment. Due to the fact that there are varieties in automobile electronic devises, product development has become more complex. For example, shortening product development period while maintaining quality and fulfilling requirements of each company are all important issues. The development of automobile electronic products cannot only emphasize on functionality but also need to be more customer-oriented to fulfill the needs and expectations of the users. The initial phase of product development should focus on confirming the types of products with clients in order to develop and manufacture into what have been expected. The goal of product development expected by the market has obvious differences with the actual products that have been manufactured. The reason for the differences is the emphasis on functionality during the initial phase of product development. Also, the development process has focused mainly on technological development instead of customer expectations and the changes that occur during the product life cycle, which brings in the need for ¡§Requirements Management.¡¨ Problems such as large amount of development cost, compensation, loss of order and reliability can be resolved through the application of ¡§Requirements Management.¡¨ Through observation and interviews with management team and project managing engineers, what is lacking is the method of demand analysis for system engineer of suppliers during the demand analysis stage to better analyze customer needs and to combine with existing system; thus managers can utilize the requirement analysis method to familiarize with the product. In addition, system engineers can better distribute resources and confirm demands. Based on the architecture-oriented model for auto electrical products, demand analysis method can clearly integrated different aspects, including structural and behavioral. These statistics can be utilized in the following phases during project development, such as system design, production, testing, and proofing stages, especially where integration with software, electrical and structural system is important and complex for the development of auto electrical products. The architecture-oriented model can maintain consistency and can be traceable along with the requirements model.

The secondary use of Dementia Care Mapping (DCM) data, if that data were held in a data warehouse, could contribute to global efforts in monitoring and improving dementia care quality. This qualitative study identifies requirements for the secondary use of DCM data within a data warehouse using a user-driven approach. The thesis critically analyses various technical methodologies and then argues the use and further demonstrates the applicability of a modified grounded theory as a user-driven methodology for a data warehouse. Interviews were conducted with 29 DCM researchers, trainers and practitioners in three phases. 19 interviews were face to face with the others on Skype and telephone with an average length of individual interview 45-60 minutes. The interview data was systematically analysed using open, axial and selective coding techniques and constant comparison methods. The study data highlighted benchmarking, mappers’ support and research as three perceived potential secondary uses of DCM data within a data warehouse. DCM researchers identified concerns regarding the quality and security of DCM data for secondary uses, which led to identifying the requirements for additional provenance, ethical and contextual data to be included in a warehouse alongside DCM data to meet requirements for secondary uses of this data for research. The study data was also used to extrapolate three main factors such as an individual mapper, the organization and an electronic data management that can influence the quality and availability of DCM data for secondary uses. The study makes further recommendations for designing a future DCM data warehouse.

Neste trabalho se descreve a implementação de um protótipo de sistema de hipertexto, construído sobre o sistema de banco de dados ZIM, para uso na análise de requisitos de sistemas de informações de escritórios. Inicialmente, são apresentadas as principais características dos sistemas de hipertexto, destacando-se o hibridismo entre banco de dados, esquemas de representação e interfaces. Comenta-se a funcionalidade, aplicações, vantagens e desvantagens de hipertextos. A seguir, são mencionados diversos trabalhos apresentados na literatura universal, relacionados com hipertexto. Também são feitos comentários sobre diversos sistemas, acadêmicos, experimentais ou comerciais, citados na literatura. O protótipo de hipertexto foi implementado sobre a versão 3.11G, para MS-DOS, do sistema de banco de dados ZIM, em ambiente PC-XT, stand-alone. ZIM é um sistema de banco de dados baseado no modelo Entidade-Relacionamento. Possui uma Linguagem de Desenvolvimento de Aplicações completa, incluindo a definição e o tratamento de formulários. Possui um dicionário de dados totalmente integrado e permite o desenvolvimento e a adaptação progressiva das mais complexas estruturas de informação. O protótipo de hipertexto foi construído visando a coleta e a organização de informações exclusivamente textuais, através da interação do usuário com o computador, direcionadas para a análise de requisitos de sistemas de informação de escritórios. No modelo proposto se destacam os principais conjuntos de entidades utilizados: nodos e textos, links, autores, tipos de nodos e tipos de links. Os nodos e textos contêm as informações textuais e de controle que caracterizam a rede do hipertexto. Seu conteúdo é exibido dentro de janelas que são apresentadas na tela de vídeo. Os links armazenam as informações que relacionam os nodos entre si. São inseridos no texto, diferenciados visualmente do restante do texto, através de ícones. Quando ativados, as links permitem a navegação de um texto para outro. 0 conjunto de entidades "autores" contém informações sobre os usuários do sistema: administradores, escritores ou leitores. O sistema controla a autoria de nodos e links, garantindo ao autor do objeto sua modificação ou remoção. O sistema permite que um autor edite o texto, preservando os links que estiverem associados. Na dissertação também são comentados os principais atributos e operações dos objetos do sistema: autores, nodos e textos, links, tipos de nodos e tipos de links, janelas e ancoras ou ícones. Comenta-se o relacionamento entre os nodos e as janelas, e entre os ícones e os links. Também são mencionados a utilidade e exemplos de tipos de nodos e de links. / This dissertation describes the implementation of a prototype of hypertext system. It was constructed on the basis of the ZIM database system, for use in information systems requirement analysis. The work presents the most important features of hypertext systems, emphasizing the hibridism of database, representation scheme and interface modality. It also comments on their functions, applications, advantages and disadvantages. It mentions many works, presented on the universal literature, related with hypertext. It also comments various academic, experimental and commercial systems, mentioned on the literature. The hypertext prototype was implemented using the version 3.11G of the -LIM database system for MS-DOS, on the basis of a PC-XT environment. ZIM is a database system based on the Entity- Relationship model. It has a full Application Development Language, with the provision for definition and treatment of customized forms. It has a fully integrated data dictionary and allows the progressive development or adaptation of the most complex information structures. The prototype of hypertext was constructed for interactivelly collecting and organizing textual information, in the information systems requirement analysis. In the proposed model, the main entity sets are "nodes" and "texts", "links", "authors", "node types" and "link types". The nodes and texts contain the textual and control information, that characterize the nodes of the hypertext net Their contents are presented inside of windows, in the screen. The links store the informations that connect the nodes. They are inserted in the text by icons, visiblely differentiated to the remaining text. When they are activated, the links allow the navigation for a text to another. The "authors" entity set contains informations of the users: administrators, writers and readers. The hypertext system controls authorship of the nodes and links, specially for the modification and deletion of the objects. The system allows that the author edits their texts, preserving the associated links. This dissertation comments the main attributes and operations for the hypertext objects, like authors, nodes and texts, links, node types and link types, windows and anchors or icons. It comments the relationship between the nodes and windows, and between icons and links. It also mentions the use and examples of the nodes types and links types.

Neste trabalho se descreve a implementação de um protótipo de sistema de hipertexto, construído sobre o sistema de banco de dados ZIM, para uso na análise de requisitos de sistemas de informações de escritórios. Inicialmente, são apresentadas as principais características dos sistemas de hipertexto, destacando-se o hibridismo entre banco de dados, esquemas de representação e interfaces. Comenta-se a funcionalidade, aplicações, vantagens e desvantagens de hipertextos. A seguir, são mencionados diversos trabalhos apresentados na literatura universal, relacionados com hipertexto. Também são feitos comentários sobre diversos sistemas, acadêmicos, experimentais ou comerciais, citados na literatura. O protótipo de hipertexto foi implementado sobre a versão 3.11G, para MS-DOS, do sistema de banco de dados ZIM, em ambiente PC-XT, stand-alone. ZIM é um sistema de banco de dados baseado no modelo Entidade-Relacionamento. Possui uma Linguagem de Desenvolvimento de Aplicações completa, incluindo a definição e o tratamento de formulários. Possui um dicionário de dados totalmente integrado e permite o desenvolvimento e a adaptação progressiva das mais complexas estruturas de informação. O protótipo de hipertexto foi construído visando a coleta e a organização de informações exclusivamente textuais, através da interação do usuário com o computador, direcionadas para a análise de requisitos de sistemas de informação de escritórios. No modelo proposto se destacam os principais conjuntos de entidades utilizados: nodos e textos, links, autores, tipos de nodos e tipos de links. Os nodos e textos contêm as informações textuais e de controle que caracterizam a rede do hipertexto. Seu conteúdo é exibido dentro de janelas que são apresentadas na tela de vídeo. Os links armazenam as informações que relacionam os nodos entre si. São inseridos no texto, diferenciados visualmente do restante do texto, através de ícones. Quando ativados, as links permitem a navegação de um texto para outro. 0 conjunto de entidades "autores" contém informações sobre os usuários do sistema: administradores, escritores ou leitores. O sistema controla a autoria de nodos e links, garantindo ao autor do objeto sua modificação ou remoção. O sistema permite que um autor edite o texto, preservando os links que estiverem associados. Na dissertação também são comentados os principais atributos e operações dos objetos do sistema: autores, nodos e textos, links, tipos de nodos e tipos de links, janelas e ancoras ou ícones. Comenta-se o relacionamento entre os nodos e as janelas, e entre os ícones e os links. Também são mencionados a utilidade e exemplos de tipos de nodos e de links. / This dissertation describes the implementation of a prototype of hypertext system. It was constructed on the basis of the ZIM database system, for use in information systems requirement analysis. The work presents the most important features of hypertext systems, emphasizing the hibridism of database, representation scheme and interface modality. It also comments on their functions, applications, advantages and disadvantages. It mentions many works, presented on the universal literature, related with hypertext. It also comments various academic, experimental and commercial systems, mentioned on the literature. The hypertext prototype was implemented using the version 3.11G of the -LIM database system for MS-DOS, on the basis of a PC-XT environment. ZIM is a database system based on the Entity- Relationship model. It has a full Application Development Language, with the provision for definition and treatment of customized forms. It has a fully integrated data dictionary and allows the progressive development or adaptation of the most complex information structures. The prototype of hypertext was constructed for interactivelly collecting and organizing textual information, in the information systems requirement analysis. In the proposed model, the main entity sets are "nodes" and "texts", "links", "authors", "node types" and "link types". The nodes and texts contain the textual and control information, that characterize the nodes of the hypertext net Their contents are presented inside of windows, in the screen. The links store the informations that connect the nodes. They are inserted in the text by icons, visiblely differentiated to the remaining text. When they are activated, the links allow the navigation for a text to another. The "authors" entity set contains informations of the users: administrators, writers and readers. The hypertext system controls authorship of the nodes and links, specially for the modification and deletion of the objects. The system allows that the author edits their texts, preserving the associated links. This dissertation comments the main attributes and operations for the hypertext objects, like authors, nodes and texts, links, node types and link types, windows and anchors or icons. It comments the relationship between the nodes and windows, and between icons and links. It also mentions the use and examples of the nodes types and links types.

Neste trabalho se descreve a implementação de um protótipo de sistema de hipertexto, construído sobre o sistema de banco de dados ZIM, para uso na análise de requisitos de sistemas de informações de escritórios. Inicialmente, são apresentadas as principais características dos sistemas de hipertexto, destacando-se o hibridismo entre banco de dados, esquemas de representação e interfaces. Comenta-se a funcionalidade, aplicações, vantagens e desvantagens de hipertextos. A seguir, são mencionados diversos trabalhos apresentados na literatura universal, relacionados com hipertexto. Também são feitos comentários sobre diversos sistemas, acadêmicos, experimentais ou comerciais, citados na literatura. O protótipo de hipertexto foi implementado sobre a versão 3.11G, para MS-DOS, do sistema de banco de dados ZIM, em ambiente PC-XT, stand-alone. ZIM é um sistema de banco de dados baseado no modelo Entidade-Relacionamento. Possui uma Linguagem de Desenvolvimento de Aplicações completa, incluindo a definição e o tratamento de formulários. Possui um dicionário de dados totalmente integrado e permite o desenvolvimento e a adaptação progressiva das mais complexas estruturas de informação. O protótipo de hipertexto foi construído visando a coleta e a organização de informações exclusivamente textuais, através da interação do usuário com o computador, direcionadas para a análise de requisitos de sistemas de informação de escritórios. No modelo proposto se destacam os principais conjuntos de entidades utilizados: nodos e textos, links, autores, tipos de nodos e tipos de links. Os nodos e textos contêm as informações textuais e de controle que caracterizam a rede do hipertexto. Seu conteúdo é exibido dentro de janelas que são apresentadas na tela de vídeo. Os links armazenam as informações que relacionam os nodos entre si. São inseridos no texto, diferenciados visualmente do restante do texto, através de ícones. Quando ativados, as links permitem a navegação de um texto para outro. 0 conjunto de entidades "autores" contém informações sobre os usuários do sistema: administradores, escritores ou leitores. O sistema controla a autoria de nodos e links, garantindo ao autor do objeto sua modificação ou remoção. O sistema permite que um autor edite o texto, preservando os links que estiverem associados. Na dissertação também são comentados os principais atributos e operações dos objetos do sistema: autores, nodos e textos, links, tipos de nodos e tipos de links, janelas e ancoras ou ícones. Comenta-se o relacionamento entre os nodos e as janelas, e entre os ícones e os links. Também são mencionados a utilidade e exemplos de tipos de nodos e de links. / This dissertation describes the implementation of a prototype of hypertext system. It was constructed on the basis of the ZIM database system, for use in information systems requirement analysis. The work presents the most important features of hypertext systems, emphasizing the hibridism of database, representation scheme and interface modality. It also comments on their functions, applications, advantages and disadvantages. It mentions many works, presented on the universal literature, related with hypertext. It also comments various academic, experimental and commercial systems, mentioned on the literature. The hypertext prototype was implemented using the version 3.11G of the -LIM database system for MS-DOS, on the basis of a PC-XT environment. ZIM is a database system based on the Entity- Relationship model. It has a full Application Development Language, with the provision for definition and treatment of customized forms. It has a fully integrated data dictionary and allows the progressive development or adaptation of the most complex information structures. The prototype of hypertext was constructed for interactivelly collecting and organizing textual information, in the information systems requirement analysis. In the proposed model, the main entity sets are "nodes" and "texts", "links", "authors", "node types" and "link types". The nodes and texts contain the textual and control information, that characterize the nodes of the hypertext net Their contents are presented inside of windows, in the screen. The links store the informations that connect the nodes. They are inserted in the text by icons, visiblely differentiated to the remaining text. When they are activated, the links allow the navigation for a text to another. The "authors" entity set contains informations of the users: administrators, writers and readers. The hypertext system controls authorship of the nodes and links, specially for the modification and deletion of the objects. The system allows that the author edits their texts, preserving the associated links. This dissertation comments the main attributes and operations for the hypertext objects, like authors, nodes and texts, links, node types and link types, windows and anchors or icons. It comments the relationship between the nodes and windows, and between icons and links. It also mentions the use and examples of the nodes types and links types.

With increasing incidence of severe disasters, global policies and frameworks have been shifting towards an emphasis on collaboration and community resilience. The greater use of information systems to assist with disasters has prompted a need to examine how technology can support collaboration and resilience. Hence, this thesis aims to identify a set of requirements for a collaborative online asset mapping tool through a requirement engineering process. A multiple case study design was used with the objective of answering: (1) what are the functional, non-functional, and general system requirements of an online asset mapping tool for disaster preparedness; (2) is a standard “off-the-shelf” asset-mapping application feasible for community development and adaptive capacity building for disaster management; and (3) what are the potential designs that can address the requirements? The specific cases examined were The Region of Waterloo, Ontario and Truro, Nova Scotia. The data from the cases was used to perform qualitative content analysis combined with activity diagrams, to determine and analyze the requirements for an online asset mapping tool to aid in disaster preparedness. The findings of the research included shared requirements between the two communities that encompassed: system purpose, system functionalities, user characteristics, and system requirements. Furthermore, prototype user interface (UI) wireframes were developed using the requirements results to show a potential design of an online asset mapping application. This thesis research addressed the need to design a tool that facilitates all aspects of the asset mapping process. Ultimately, this research builds the foundation to which future research can examine the requirements to design and develop a citizen-oriented tool to enhance community disaster resilience.