Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-06-15T00:30:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseDanielJalesSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2654477 bytes, checksum: 95ea07b4f227c6359f14ec087c4ad54c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-20T19:11:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseDanielJalesSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2654477 bytes, checksum: 95ea07b4f227c6359f14ec087c4ad54c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-20T19:11:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseDanielJalesSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2654477 bytes, checksum: 95ea07b4f227c6359f14ec087c4ad54c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A gera??o de res?duos industriais tem aumentado cada vez mais nas ?ltimas d?cadas, motivando estudos sobre uma destina??o ambientalmente correta e sustent?vel e que tamb?m represente vantagens para seus geradores. Neste contexto est?o inseridas duas empresas do nicho de produtos de limpeza que est?o localizadas no munic?pio de S?o Jos? do Mipibu e produzem um lodo industrial em esta??o de tratamento de efluentes, constituindo a abordagem principal desta pesquisa. Diante disto, verificou-se o potencial de incorpora??o do referido lodo em matriz de cimento Portland como adi??o mineral para a fabrica??o de concretos, dado o elevado potencial de imobiliza??o de res?duos na matriz endurecida desse material, sendo estes utilizados posteriormente na pr?pria empresa para confec??o de artigos pr?-moldados. Foram adicionados diferentes teores de lodo (5, 10, 15 e 20%) em um tra?o comum (1:2:3), sendo avaliadas suas implica??es t?cnicas e microestruturais por meio de ensaios de trabalhabilidade no estado fresco e resist?ncia ? compress?o, porosidade total e microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV) no estado endurecido. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram a viabilidade do processo tanto do ponto de vista t?cnico e ambiental quanto econ?mico. Todos os concretos produzidos com res?duo apresentaram uma aumento de trabalhabilidade atribu?do a natureza do res?duo que possu?a subst?ncias surfactantes capazes de adsorver min?sculas part?culas de ar na massa. Em contrapartida, para todos os teores foram obtidas resist?ncias ? compress?o inferiores ao concreto padr?o, com uma redu??o de 39%, para as amostras com 20% de lodo. Isso se deve, principalmente a um aumento de porosidade na zona de transi??o desses materiais, resultante de maior forma??o de etringita em detrimento a forma??o de CSH, principal composto cimentante, mas que, ainda assim, permite o uso desses concretos para a fabrica??o de artigos com car?ter n?o estrutural, como pisos pr?-moldados. Ademais, a absor??o de ?gua e ?ndice de vazios aumentaram levemente para todas as amostras, com exce??o do concreto com 20% de res?duo que apresentou redu??o para os dois par?metros. Diante deste contexto, o teor m?ximo recomendado ? de 20%, constituindo uma propor??o significativa e capaz de destinar sustentavelmente todo o res?duo gerado na ind?stria. / The generation of industrial wastes has been increased more and more in recent decades, motivating studies about a correct sustainable allocation and that also represents advantages for their generators. In this context, are included two companies of cleaning products niche, located in S?o Jos? do Mipibu/RN, that produces industrial sludge at a sewage treatment plant, and that is the main approach of this research. Given this, it was studied the incorporation potentiality of this sludge as a mineral addition in cement matrix for concrete production due it high capacity of wastes immobilization inside this material, which are subsequently used in the company for making precast articles. Were added different sludge concentrations (5, 10, 15 and 20%) in a common trait (1: 2: 3), and evaluated their techniques and microstructural implications via workability test in fresh state and compressive strength, full porosity and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in the hardened state. The results demonstrated the feasibility of the process both from a technical and environmental view as economical. All concretes produced with residue showed an increase of workability given the nature of the waste that had surfactants substances capable of adsorbing tiny particles of air into the batter. However, for all concentrations were obtained lower compressive resistances than standard concrete, with a reduction of 39% for samples with 20% of sludge. This are attributed mainly to an increase of porosity in the transition zone of these material, resulting from increased formation of ettringite at the detriment to the formation of other compounds, but which still allows the use of these for the manufacture of concrete articles with non-structural nature, such as precast floor. In addition, the water absorption and void ratio increased slightly for all samples, except the concrete with 20% of waste that has a reduction for the last parameter. Given this context, the recommended maximum level is 20%, constituting a significant proportion and able to allocate sustainably all waste generated in the industry.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CristianKML.pdf: 519626 bytes, checksum: 38b22671e47f97747d0f100e3e9ab1ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-28 / This work presents the incorporation of an industrial polymeric waste into a petroleum asphalt cement with penetration grade 50-60 (CAP 50-60). The main goal of this research is the development of a polymer-modified asphalt, with improvements in its physical properties, in order to obtain a more resistant material to the traffic loads. Furthermore, the use of this polymeric waste will result in economic and environmental benefits. The CAP 50-60 used in this research was kindly supplied by LUBNOR Lubrificantes e Derivados de Petr?leo do Nordeste (produced in Fazenda Bel?m Aracati - Cear?) and the industrial polymeric waste was provided by a button manufacturer industry, located in Rio Grande do Norte state. This polymeric waste represents an environmental problem due to its difficulty in recycling and disposal, being necessary the payment by the industry to a landfill. The difficulty in its reuse is for being this material a termofixed polymer, as a result, the button chips resulting from the molding process cannot be employed for the same purpose. The first step in this research was the characterization of the polymeric waste, using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Infrared spectroscopy (IR spectroscopy), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Based on the results, the material was classified as unsaturated polyester. After, laboratory experiments were accomplished seeking to incorporate the polymeric waste into the asphalt binder according to a 23 experimental factorial design, using as main factors: the polymer content (2%, 7% and 14%), the temperature of the mixture (140 and 180 oC) and the reaction time (20 and 60 minutes). The characterization of the polymer-modified asphalt was accomplished by traditional tests, such as: penetration, ring and ball softening point, viscosity, ductility and flash point temperature. The obtained results demonstrated that the addition of the polymeric waste into the asphalt binder modified some of its physical properties. However, this addition can be considered as a feasible alternative for the use of the polymeric waste, which is a serious environmental and technological problem. / Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a incorpora??o de um res?duo industrial polim?rico ao Cimento Asf?ltico de Petr?leo com penetra??o 50-60 (CAP 50-60). O principal objetivo na realiza??o deste trabalho ? obter um asfalto modificado com melhorias em suas propriedades f?sicas, tornando-o mais resistente as cargas de tr?fego. Al?m disso,como conseq??ncia, o aproveitamento deste res?duo traz grandes benef?cios econ?micos e ambientais. O CAP 50-60 empregado nesta pesquisa foi cedido pela LUBNOR Lubrificantes e Derivados de Petr?leo do Nordeste (produzido na Fazenda Bel?m - Aracati- Cear?) e o res?duo polim?rico industrial foi cedido por uma f?brica de bot?es, localizada no Rio Grande do Norte. Trata-se de um res?duo que se constitui em um problema ambiental, devido ? dificuldade em aproveit?-lo ou descart?-lo, sendo necess?rio a empresa pagar a um aterro sanit?rio para estoc?-lo. A dificuldade no aproveitamento do res?duo deve-se ao fato do mesmo ser um pol?mero termorr?gido, assim, as aparas provenientes do processo de moldagem n?o podem ser aproveitadas para a mesma finalidade. A pesquisa foi iniciada com a caracteriza??o do res?duo, atrav?s dos ensaios de Calorimetria Diferencial Explorat?ria (DSC), Espectroscopia de Infravermelho (IV) e Analise Termogravim?trica (TGA), sendo este classificado como um poli?ster insaturado. Em seguida, foram realizados experimentos de incorpora??o do res?duo ao asfalto, de acordo com uma matriz de experimentos 23, tendo como fatores o teor de res?duo polim?rico (2%, 7% e 14%), a temperatura de incorpora??o (140 e 180 oC) e o tempo de incorpora??o ( 20 e 60 minutos). Para a caracteriza??o do asfalto modificado foram realizados ensaios tradicionais que avaliam a consist?ncia do asfalto, tais como: penetra??o, ponto de amolecimento, e viscosidade. Realizou-se tamb?m o ensaio de ponto de fulgor e ductilidade. Os resultados obtidos atrav?s destes ensaios mostraram que a adi??o do res?duo polim?rico ao ligante asf?ltico alterou algumas das propriedades f?sicas do CAP, sendo considerado uma alternativa vi?vel para a solu??o de um problema ambiental e tecnol?gico.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GuilhermeFM.pdf: 1361832 bytes, checksum: 90befe7961c07f2510ca8f988b71da6b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-23 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / This work addresses the production of lightweight concrete building elements, such as plates, prefabricated slabs for pre-molded and panels of fencing, presenting a singular concrete: the Lightweight Concrete, with special properties such low density and good strength, by means of the joint use of industrial waste of thermosetting unsaturated polyesters and biodegradable foaming agent, named Polymeric Lightweight Concrete. This study covered various features of the materials used in the composition of the Polymeric Lightweight Concrete, using a planning of factorial design 23, aiming at studying of the strength, production, dosage processes, characterization of mechanical properties and microstructural analysis of the transition zone between the light artificial aggregate and the matrix of cement. The results of the mechanical strength tests were analyzed using a computational statistics tool (Statistica software) to understand the behavior and obtain the ideal quantity of each material used in the formula of the Polymeric Lightweight Concrete. The definition of the ideal formula has the purpose of obtaining a material with the lowest possible dry density and resistance to compression in accordance with NBR 12.646/92 (≥ 2.5 MPa after 28 days). In the microstructural characterization by scanning electron microscopy it was observed an influence of the materials in the process of cement hydration, showing good interaction between the wrinkled face of the residue of unsaturated polyesters thermosetting and putty and, consequently, the final strength. The attaining of an ideal formula, given the Brazilian standards, the experimental results obtained in the characterization and comparison of these results with conventional materials, confirmed that the developed Polymeric Lightweight Concrete is suitable for the production of building elements that are advantageous for construction / Neste trabalho ? abordada a aplica??o da tecnologia dos concretos leves ? produ??o de elementos construtivos, tais como placas pr?-fabricadas para lajes pr?-moldadas, pain?is de veda??o e pe?as pr?-moldadas, e ao desenvolvimento de um concreto celular com propriedades especiais de baixa densidade e boa resist?ncia mec?nica, em fun??o da utiliza??o conjunta de res?duo industrial de poli?ster insaturado termofixo (PIT) e espuma biodegrad?vel incorporadora de ar, denominado de Concreto Celular Polim?rico (CCP) . O estudo abrangeu diferentes tra?os dos materiais empregados na composi??o do CCP, sendo utilizado um planejamento fatorial 23, para an?lises dos processos de dosagem e produ??o, caracteriza??o das propriedades mec?nicas, bem como an?lises microestruturais da zona de transi??o entre o agregado artificial leve (PIT) e a matriz de cimento. Os resultados dos testes de resist?ncia mec?nica foram analisados utilizando-se uma ferramenta computacional de estat?stica (Statistica Software) para compreens?o do comportamento e obten??o da concentra??o ideal de cada material utilizado na formula??o do CCP. A defini??o da f?rmula ideal teve como finalidade a obten??o de um material com a menor densidade a seco poss?vel e resist?ncia ? compress?o que atendesse ? norma NBR 12.646/92 (≥ 2,5 MPa aos 28 dias). Na caracteriza??o microestrutural por microscopia eletr?nica de varredura, observou-se a influ?ncia dos materiais no processo de hidrata??o do cimento, onde constatou-se boa intera??o entre o res?duo de PIT, cuja face ? enrugada, e a pasta de cimento. A obten??o da formula??o de um novo material que atende ? norma brasileira, os resultados experimentais obtidos nas caracteriza??es e compara??o desses resultados com materiais convencionais, comprovaram que o Concreto Celular Polim?rico desenvolvido ? adequado ? produ??o de elementos construtivos que apresentam vantagens quando aplicados ? constru??o civil

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 OtonielMM.pdf: 1444434 bytes, checksum: 9112e638701d47b1e7b961a8482d2da2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-11-25 / In the present work it was developed originals alternatives of enveronmentally safe and economically viable destination of thermoset plastic residue from a button factory, which at presnte stores such residue tempor and in a way that is inconvenient to the atmosphere, a waiting safe solutions. As the residue is not recycleab and its burning leberates strongly aggressive gases, safe alternatives were researched. Inicially, ghe residue in incineration was performed in cement ovens with precise control ofe emission of gases, but it was proved inviable due to its low calorific power, as well as the liberation of free lead in the ashes. An original and feasible option was the residue confinemente in soil-ciment blocks, lohich resulted in blocks highly resistant to simple compression with structural block, and also a significant increase in thermal resistence. Was got up other options of original and important composites as: making of blocks for pr?-moulded flagstone, internal coating of walls with plaster being obtained good texture results, replenish of ceramic blocks and blocks with cement, also implying in increase of thermal resistance. Besides these original and scientific contributions, the it was technologically contribution of defreadation with suggestions of the material using torch of thermal plasm; for this was projected, built, characterized and tested a torch to it shapes it being obtained exciting results for the development of this technology come back for ending destruction from all the types of inconvenient garbage to the atmosphere / No presente trabalho desenvolveram-se alternativas originais de encaminhamento ambientalmente seguro e economicamente vi?vel de res?duo pl?stico termofixo de uma f?brica de bot?es que, no momento, estoca esse res?duo de forma tempor?ria e inconveniente ao ambiente, aguardando solu??es mais seguras. Como o res?duo n?o ? recicl?vel e sua queima libera gases fortemente agressivos ? vida, pesquisaram-se alternativas seguras e vi?veis, tanto do ponto de vista t?cnico como econ?mico. Inicialmente considerou-se a incinera??o do res?duo em fornos de cimento com controle de emiss?o de gases; mas, concluiu-se que a op??o era invi?vel pelo fato do res?duo apresentar baixo poder calor?fico e de sua incinera??o resultar na libera??o de chumbo em cinzas. Pesquisou-se, depois, a possibilidade de decomposi??o do material por meio do uso de tocha de plasma t?rmico. Para isto projetou-se, construiu-se e testou-se uma tocha de plasma para termodecomposi??o, adaptada para utilizar ar ? press?o ambiente como g?s indutor, em substitui??o ao arg?nio, comumente utilizado em tochas de baixa pot?ncia. Os resultados demonstraram a viabilidade t?cnica da proposta; contudo, do ponto de vista econ?mico, os resultados n?o foram positivos. Em seguida, considerou-se o confinamento em blocos de solo-cimento. Foram produzidos blocos que apresentaram resist?ncia ? compress?o simples equivalente a de blocos portantes tipo C e aumento da resist?ncia t?rmica em rela??o ao bloco do mesmo tipo sem adi??o de res?duo. Levantaram-se outras op??es de comp?sitos originais e importantes como: blocos para laje pr?-moldada; revestimento interno de alvenaria com gesso; enchimento de blocos cer?micos e blocos com argamassa de cimento. Al?m do aumento da resist?ncia t?rmica, os comp?sitos desenvolvidos utilizaram menos cimento em sua composi??o, implicando em redu??o de custos sem comprometimento da resist?ncia mec?nica

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:57:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TarsimaATM.pdf: 1771648 bytes, checksum: 1c3036f849dc5e254481826b05a38a9e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-30 / Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte / The standardization of the bovine skin thickness in the leather industry generates a residue known as wet-blue . At the end of twentieth century, the brazilian industry discarded about 131 thousand tons of this residue in nature, provoking a great environmental liability. In this paper is presented the analyses of the termophysical properties, thermal and volumetric expansion performance of a composite of vegetable resin of castor oil plant (Ricinus communis) with load of industrial residue of leather "wet-blue", for application as thermal isolation material of warm surfaces. There were considered four percentile levels of residue load in the proportions in mass of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%, added to the expansible resin of castor oil plant in two configurations: sawed leather and crushed leather in a smaller particle (powder) by grinding in a mill of balls. Twenty-one proof bodies were produced for termophysical properties analysis (three for each configuration) and four proof bodies for rehearsals of thermal acting. Analyses of thermal acting were done in test cameras. The results of the rehearsals were compared to those obtained considering the castor oil plant foam without residue addition. A small reduction of the thermal conductivity of the composite was observed in the proportion of 10% of leather residue in both configurations. Regarding thermal conductivity, calorific capacity and diffusivity, it was verified that the proposed composite showed very close values to the commercial insulating materials (glass wool, rock wool, EPS). It was still demonstrated the technical viability of the use of composite as insulating thermal for systems of low potency. The composite presented larger volumetric expansion with 15% of sawed residue of leather. / A padroniza??o da espessura da pele bovina na ind?stria de couro gera o res?duo da serragem ou rebaixamento, tamb?m conhecido por wet-blue . No final do s?culo XX, a ind?stria brasileira descartou cerca de 131 mil toneladas desse res?duo na natureza, gerando um grande passivo ambiental. Neste trabalho apresentam-se an?lises de propriedades termof?sicas, desempenho t?rmico e de expans?o volum?trica de um comp?sito de resina vegetal de mamona (Ricinus communis) com carga de res?duo industrial de couro wet-blue , para aplica??o como material de isola??o t?rmica de superf?cies aquecidas. Foram considerados quatro percentuais de carga de res?duo nas propor??es em massa de 0%, 5%, 10% e 15%, adicionadas ? resina expansiva de mamona em duas configura??es: couro serrado e couro mo?do em uma granulometria menor (p?) por tritura??o em um moinho de bolas. Vinte e um corpos de prova foram produzidos para an?lises das propriedades termof?sicas (tr?s para cada configura??o) e quatro corpos de prova para ensaios de desempenho t?rmico. Foram realizadas an?lises de desempenho t?rmico em c?maras de teste. Os resultados dos ensaios foram comparados ?queles obtidos considerando-se a espuma de mamona sem adi??o de res?duo. Observou-se uma pequena redu??o da condutividade t?rmica do comp?sito na propor??o de 10% de res?duo de couro nas duas configura??es. Com rela??o ? condutividade t?rmica, ? capacidade calor?fica e ? difusividade, constatou-se que o comp?sito desenvolvido apresentou valores bem pr?ximos aos dos materiais isolantes comerciais (l? de vidro, l? de rocha e EPS). Demonstrou-se, ainda, a viabilidade t?cnica do comp?sito como isolante t?rmico para sistemas de baixa pot?ncia. O comp?sito apresentou maior expans?o volum?trica com 15% de res?duo serrado de couro.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:58:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaCRO_DISSERT.pdf: 2657350 bytes, checksum: 6329dc6423194c512c4121d699e43fa5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-26 / This work proposes the development of an innovative material made from a vegetable polyurethane matrix and load of industrial waste, from retread tires, for thermal insulation and environmental comfort. Experimental procedures are presented, as well as the results of the thermal and acoustic performance of this composite material, made from an expansive foam derived from the castor seed oil and fiber of scrap tires. The residue was treated superficially with sodium hydroxide, to eliminate contaminants, and characterized macroscopically and microscopically. Samples were produced with addition of residues at levels of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by weight, for determination of thermal properties: conductivity, heat capacity and thermal diffusivity, sound absortion index and density. The results were compared to commercially available thermal insulation and sound absorbing products. According to the analysis of results, it was concluded that the developed composite presents characteristics that qualify it as a thermal insulation with superior performance, compared to commercial available insulation, and sound absorption capacity greater than the castor oil polyurethane s, without addition of the residue / Neste trabalho tratou-se do desenvolvimento de um material inovador constitu?do de matriz poliuret?nica vegetal e carga de res?duo industrial, proveniente de recauchutagem de pneus, para fins de isola??o t?rmica e conforto ambiental. Para tanto, s?o apresentados procedimentos e resultados experimentais obtidos da an?lise do desempenho t?rmico e ac?stico desse material comp?sito produzido a partir de resina expansiva derivada do ?leo da semente de mamona e fibras de pneus inserv?veis. O res?duo foi tratado superficialmente com hidr?xido de s?dio, para a elimina??o de impurezas, e caracterizados macrosc?pica e microscopicamente. Foram produzidos corpos de prova com adi??o de res?duo nas propor??es de 5%, 10%, 15% e 20% em massa, para determina??o de propriedades t?rmicas: condutividade, capacidade calor?fica e difusividade t?rmica, do ?ndice de absor??o sonora e densidade aparente. Os resultados foram comparados aos isolantes t?rmicos e absorventes sonoros comerciais. De acordo com a an?lise dos resultados, concluiu-se que o comp?sito desenvolvido possui caracter?sticas que o qualificam como um isolante t?rmico com desempenho superior aos isolantes comerciais e com capacidade de absor??o sonora maior que o poliuretano de mamona sem a adi??o do res?duo

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AdrianaKVG.pdf: 2228086 bytes, checksum: 5a5ddc6253972ac4ee82c43ae0f08d6c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-27 / The petroleum industry, in consequence of an intense activity of exploration and production, is responsible by great part of the generation of residues, which are considered toxic and pollutants to the environment. Among these, the oil sludge is found produced during the production, transportation and refine phases. This work had the purpose to develop a process to recovery the oil present in oil sludge, in order to use the recovered oil as fuel or return it to the refining plant. From the preliminary tests, were identified the most important independent variables, like: temperature, contact time, solvents and acid volumes. Initially, a series of parameters to characterize the oil sludge was determined to characterize its. A special extractor was projected to work with oily waste. Two experimental designs were applied: fractional factorial and Doehlert. The tests were carried out in batch process to the conditions of the experimental designs applied. The efficiency obtained in the oil extraction process was 70%, in average. Oil sludge is composed of 36,2% of oil, 16,8% of ash, 40% of water and 7% of volatile constituents. However, the statistical analysis showed that the quadratic model was not well fitted to the process with a relative low determination coefficient (60,6%). This occurred due to the complexity of the oil sludge. To obtain a model able to represent the experiments, the mathematical model was used, the so called artificial neural networks (RNA), which was generated, initially, with 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 neurons in the hidden layer, 64 experimental results and 10000 presentations (interactions). Lesser dispersions were verified between the experimental and calculated values using 4 neurons, regarding the proportion of experimental points and estimated parameters. The analysis of the average deviations of the test divided by the respective training showed up that 2150 presentations resulted in the best value parameters. For the new model, the determination coefficient was 87,5%, which is quite satisfactory for the studied system / A ind?stria de petr?leo, em decorr?ncia de uma intensa atividade de explora??o e produ??o, ? respons?vel por grande parte da gera??o de res?duos, os quais s?o considerados t?xicos e poluentes ao meio ambiente. Dentre estes, encontra-se a borra oleosa formada durante as etapas de produ??o, transporte e refino de petr?leo. Este trabalho teve como prop?sito recuperar o ?leo presente na borra oleosa por processo de extra??o, a fim de que este pudesse ser utilizado como combust?vel ou retornar em alguma corrente do processo de refino. A partir dos ensaios preliminares foram selecionadas as vari?veis independentes que exercem maior influ?ncia no processo de extra??o, s?o elas: temperatura, volume de solvente, volume de ?cido e tempo de extra??o. Inicialmente, determinou-se uma s?rie de par?metros para caracterizar a borra oleosa. Posteriormente, projetou-se um extrator para operar com a borra de petr?leo. Foram aplicados dois planejamentos experimentais: fatorial fracionado e Doehlert. Os ensaios foram realizados em processo batelada, de acordo com as condi??es dos planejamentos experimentais aplicados. Atrav?s dos par?metros de caracteriza??o constatou-se que o res?duo oleoso ? constitu?do predominantemente de material org?nico (36,2% de ?leo), 16,8% de cinzas, 40% de ?gua e 7% de compostos vol?teis. A efici?ncia m?dia do processo de extra??o foi de 70%. Entretanto, a an?lise estat?stica mostrou que o modelo quadr?tico n?o se ajustou bem ao processo, indicando um baixo coeficiente de determina??o (60,6%). Isto ocorreu devido ? complexidade do material estudado. Para obter um modelo que melhor se ajustasse aos resultados obtidos experimentalmente, utilizou-se a ferramenta da modelagem matem?tica, redes neurais artificiais (RNA), a qual foi gerada, inicialmente, com 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 e 8 neur?nios na camada oculta, 64 dados experimentais e 10000 apresenta??es (intera??es), verificando-se menores dispers?es entre os valores experimentais e calculados para o n?mero de 4 neur?nios. Com base na an?lise dos desvios m?dios do teste e treinamento evidenciou-se que o n?mero de 2150 apresenta??es foi o melhor valor considerando a propor??o de pontos experimentais e par?metros estimados. Para o novo modelo, o coeficiente de determina??o foi de 87,5%, mostrando-se bastante satisfat?rio

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CristianKML_TESE.pdf: 2781872 bytes, checksum: b802df1c9b2c68b6ef21241e1bb5281e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-03 / The main objective of this research was the development and characterization of conventional and modified cationic asphalt emulsions. The asphalt emulsions were developed by using the Petroleum Asphalt Cement (CAP 50-70) from Fazenda Bel?m (Petrobras -Aracati-Ce). The first step in this research was the development of the oil phase (asphalt + solvent) and the aqueous phase (water + emulsifying agent + acid + additives), separately. During the experiments for the obtaining of the conventional asphalt emulsion, the concentration of each constituent was evaluated. For the obtaining of the oil phase, kerosene was used as solvent at 15 and 20 wt.%. For the development of the aqueous phase, the emulsifying agent was used at 0.3 and 3.0 wt.%, whereas the acid and the additive were set at 0.3 wt.%. The percentage of asphalt in the asphalt emulsion was varied in 50, 55, and 60 wt.% and the heating temperature was set at 120 ?C. The aqueous phase in the asphalt emulsion was varied from 16.4 to 34.1 wt.% and the heating temperature was set at 60 ?C. After the obtaining of the oil and the aqueous phases, they were added at a colloidal mill, remaining under constant stirring and heating during 15 minutes. Each asphalt emulsion was evaluated considering: sieve analysis, Saybolt Furol viscosity, pH determination, settlement and storage stability, residue by evaporation, and penetration of residue. After the characterization of conventional emulsions, it was chosen the one that presented all properties in accordance with Brazilian specifications (DNER-EM 369/97). This emulsion was used for the development of all modified asphalt emulsions. Three polymeric industrial residues were used as modifier agents: one from a clothing button industry (cutouts of clothing buttons) and two from a footwear industry (cutouts of sandals and tennis shoes soles), all industries located at Rio Grande do Norte State (Brazil).The polymeric residues were added into the asphalt emulsion (1 to 6 wt.%) and the same characterization rehearsals were accomplished. After characterization, it were developed the cold-mix asphalts. It was used the Marshall mix design. For cold-mix asphalt using the conventional emulsion, it was used 5, 6 and 7 wt.% asphalt emulsion. The conventional mixtures presented stability values according Brazilian specification (DNER-369/97). For mixtures containing asphalt modified emulsions, it was observed that the best results were obtained with emulsions modified by button residue / Neste trabalho desenvolveu-se e caracterizou-se emuls?es asf?lticas cati?nicas convencionais e modificadas. As emuls?es asf?lticas convencionais foram obtidas utilizandose como mat?ria-prima o Cimento Asf?ltico de Petr?leo (CAP 50-70), oriundo da Fazenda Bel?m (PETROBRAS-Aracati-CE), cedido pela LUBNOR-Lubrificantes e Derivados de Petr?leo do Nordeste (Fortaleza-CE). A pesquisa foi iniciada com o desenvolvimento da fase ?leo (asfalto + solvente) e da fase aquosa (?gua + emulsificante + ?cido + aditivo), separadamente. Para a obten??o da emuls?o asf?ltica convencional, a concentra??o de cada constituinte foi avaliada. Para a fase ?leo, o asfalto foi utilizado nas concentra??es de 50, 55 e 60 %, e o solvente (querosene) nas concentra??es de 15 e 20 %. A temperatura de aquecimento desta fase foi de 120 ?C. Para o desenvolvimento da fase aquosa, o emulsificante foi utilizado nas concentra??es de 0,3 e 3,0 %, enquanto que o ?cido e o aditivo foram utilizados apenas na concentra??o de 0,3 %. A concentra??o de ?gua variou de 16,4 a 34,1 % e a temperatura de aquecimento da fase aquosa foi de 60 ?C. Ap?s o preparo de ambas as fases, estas foram introduzidas no moinho coloidal, onde permaneceram em aquecimento e em sistema de refluxo, durante 15 minutos. Ap?s a obten??o de cada emuls?o asf?ltica, foram feitos os seguintes ensaios de caracteriza??o: peneiramento, viscosidade Saybolt Furol, pH, sedimenta??o, adesividade, res?duo por evapora??o e penetra??o. Ap?s a caracteriza??o das emuls?es asf?lticas convencionais, escolheu-se a emuls?o que apresentou resultados de acordo com a especifica??o (DNER-EM 369/97) para, em seguida, desenvolver as emuls?es asf?lticas modificadas. As emuls?es asf?lticas foram modificadas atrav?s da adi??o de res?duos polim?ricos provenientes da ind?stria de bot?es e de cal?ados (sand?lia e t?nis), localizadas no Rio Grande do Norte. Os res?duos polim?ricos foram adicionados na emuls?o asf?ltica de 1 a 6 %. Ap?s a obten??o das emuls?es asf?lticas modificadas foram feitos os ensaios de caracteriza??o. Conclu?da tais etapas, continuou-se a pesquisa com o desenvolvimento de misturas asf?lticas a frio. O m?todo Marshall foi utilizado como m?todo de dosagem destas misturas. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, conclui-se que foi poss?vel determinar uma composi??o de emuls?o asf?ltica convencional que atendesse a alguns requisitos presentes na especifica??o (DNER-EM 369/97). Quanto ?s misturas asf?lticas a frio, utilizando as emuls?es convencionais, conclui-se que, para os teores de emuls?o utilizados (5, 6 e 7 %), estas apresentaram valores de estabilidade acima do recomendado na especifica??o. Para as misturas asf?lticas a frio, que utilizaram as emuls?es modificadas, os melhores resultados de estabilidade foram obtidos com a emuls?o modificada com res?duo de bot?o