Afin de contribuer d’un point de vue épistémologique au débat actuel sur la recherche en psychanalyse, nous avons cherché à établir dans notre thèse une histoire conceptuelle des origines de la méthode psychanalytique, une méthode clinique d’investigation et de traitement développée à Vienne entre 1886 et 1896 par le neuropathologiste Sigmund Freud. Ce travail se divise en trois grandes parties. Dans la première, intitulée « les antécédents », nous proposons d’identifier au sein de la neurologie et de la psychiatrie de langue française et allemande les conditions de possibilités empiriques de l’émergence de la méthode psychanalytique. Dans la deuxième, intitulée « les précédents », l’objectif est de reconnaître à l’intérieur de cette même tradition un certain nombre de pratiques apparentées à la psychanalyse, des pratiques considérées ici comme concurrentes de la méthode de Freud. Finalement, dans la troisième et dernière partie, intitulée « les origines », nous avons essayé de comprendre la manière dont la psychanalyse s’est effectivement établie en tant que méthode clinique d’investigation et de traitement dans son contexte particulier d’émergence. À la fin de ce parcours, nous avons pu constater l’existence de trois éléments qui sont à la base de la méthode freudienne et qui se trouvent dans la continuité de ses antécédents et précédents : 1) une notion non-dualiste de psychisme ancrée dans le postulat du parallélisme psycho-physique ; 2) un modèle nosologique fondé sur une hypothèse constitutionnelle non-congénitale ; et 3) une conception dynamique des rapports psychophysiologiques entre les représentations et les affects. Enfin, nous avons conclu que, bien que la psychanalyse de Freud possède une spécificité vis-à-vis d’autres pratiques psychologiques qui lui sont contemporaines, celle-ci ne peut être considérée comme un événement historique coupé de son contexte scientifique, ni comme quelque chose d’absolument exceptionnel par rapport à d’autres savoirs sur l’être humain. / Abstract In attempting to contribute from an epistemological point of view to the current debate on psychoanalytic research, we have sought in our thesis to establish a conceptual history of the origins of the psychoanalytic method, a clinical method of investigation and treatment developed in Vienna between 1886 and 1896 by neuropathologist Sigmund Freud. This work is divided into three main parts. In the first, entitled “the antecedents”, we propose to identify within the neurology and psychiatry of French and German languages the empirical conditions of the emergence of the psychoanalytic method. In the second, entitled “the precedents”, the objective is to recognize within this same tradition a certain number of practices related to psychoanalysis, practices considered here as concurrent of Freud's method. Finally, in the third and last part, entitled “the origins”, we have tried to understand how psychoanalysis has actually established itself as a clinical method of investigation and treatment in its particular context of emergence. At the end of this itinerary, we were able to recognize the existence of three elements which are at the base of the Freudian method and which are in the continuity of its antecedents and precedents: 1) a non-dualistic notion of psyche anchored in the postulate of psycho-physical parallelism; 2) a nosological model based on a non-congenital constitutional hypothesis; and 3) a dynamic conception of the psychophysiological relationships between representations and affects. Finally, we conclude that although Freud's psychoanalysis possesses a specificity regarding other psychological and contemporary practices, it cannot be considered as a historical event disconnected from its scientific context, nor as something absolutely exceptional concerning other knowledge about the human being.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:38:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Claudia Cristina Antonelli.pdf: 12703057 bytes, checksum: 169c5d7addc20870140066f9c06c141e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research tried to investigate, with the use of psychoanalytical theory and method, idiosyncrasies of those whom in a certain moment of their lives found themselves in another culture and language, different from those of their origins. At first we gathered the main theory and history about the theme, from the main authors who discussed this subject. Our initial hypothesis was that those who had experienced their first insertion in Culture in a relatively satisfactory manner would dispose of better emotional recourses to insert themselves in a new culture, in a later moment. This hypothesis was discarded along the research, once it became no longer the focus when the interviewed subjects were heard. Ten interviews were carried out with people who had lived at least two years abroad in a country of a different language from theirs, in their own mother tongue as long as it was English, French, Spanish or Portuguese, languages of the use of the researcher herself. Five of these (ten) interviews remained in this study, from which excerpts were selected and translated into Portuguese, in order to approach the theme here investigated. What we aimed at to articulate with the psychoanalytical theory, were the subjective aspects of each of the persons interviewed, based on their decision and experience of living abroad. What was verified was that their external displacements seemed intrinsically connected to their internal ones, that is to say, their emotional, psychological motions. In this way their itinerary seemed to unfold in a particular and unique manner, according to their own subjective contents, also sometimes, according to our hypothesis, unconsciously. Some of these aspects could also be thought as similar according to our hypothesis -, among some of the interviewed subjects, enlightened by the main theoretical concepts here studied. Finally, the continuity of these issues regarding the foreigner was questioned, in a culture tending to homogenize and minimize differences of the human person / Esta pesquisa pretendeu investigar, servindo-se da ferramenta teórica e metodológica da Psicanálise, idiossincrasias daqueles que, em algum momento de suas vidas, se encontraram em outra cultura e outro idioma, distintos daqueles de suas origens. Primeiramente realizamos um breve levantamento teórico e histórico acerca do tema, a partir dos principais autores que discutiram o assunto. Nossa hipótese inicial foi a de que aqueles que tivessem experimentado sua primeira inserção na Cultura de forma mais ou menos satisfatória, disporiam de melhores recursos psíquicos para uma segunda inserção numa cultura diferente -, num momento posterior. Esta hipótese foi descartada ao longo do percurso desta pesquisa, uma vez que deixou de ser o foco da escuta no momento de encontro com os sujeitos entrevistados. Entrevistas foram realizadas com sujeitos que tivessem vivido pelo menos dois anos fora de seu país de origem, em seu idioma original, desde que este fosse o Inglês, o Francês, o Espanhol ou o Português, que são os idiomas de domínio da pesquisadora. Cinco destas entrevistas se mantiveram neste trabalho, das quais trechos foram selecionados e traduzidos para o Português, para a articulação com o tema aqui investigado. Buscou-se pensar com a teoria psicanalítica as questões subjetivas de cada um destes sujeitos, pautadas por suas experiências de trânsito entre países. O que se verificou foi que seus movimentos externos pareceram-nos muito proximamente ligados a seus movimentos internos, ou psíquicos. Desta forma, o itinerário de cada um parece ter se desdobrado de forma particular e única, de acordo com os conteúdos subjetivos próprios, e por vezes, segundo nossa hipótese, inconscientes. Alguns aspectos destes percursos puderam também ser pensados enquanto, em nossa hipótese, similares entre alguns destes sujeitos, sob a luz dos conceitos investigados. Ao final questionou-se o lugar que o estrangeiro ocupará no porvir, numa cultura com movimentos de aparente tentativa de homogeneização de vários aspectos do sujeito humano