Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-01-12T14:19:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EdinesioJalesDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2911800 bytes, checksum: 8430e80024bce21d9be4deb1f5e9933b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-18T13:46:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 EdinesioJalesDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2911800 bytes, checksum: 8430e80024bce21d9be4deb1f5e9933b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-18T13:46:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EdinesioJalesDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2911800 bytes, checksum: 8430e80024bce21d9be4deb1f5e9933b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-29 / Foi estudado um sistema solar de aquecimento de ?gua para banho composto por um coletor solar com tubos absorvedores de PVC e reservat?rio t?rmico fabricado a partir de um tambor de polietileno de 200 litros. Os tubos absorvedores foram unidos por conex?es em T e joelhos de PVC, e a configura??o da grade absorvedora formada foi em s?rie/paralelo, para proporcionar uma maior capacidade de aquecimento, aumentando-se a temperatura da ?gua circulante. O reservat?rio t?rmico constitu?do do tambor de polietileno foi revestido por chapas de a?o galvanizado e entre as duas superf?cies foram aplicadas espuma de poliuretano, um material de excelente capacidade de isolamento t?rmico. O sistema de aquecimento proposto tinha como principais caracter?sticas o baixo custo e simples processos de fabrica??o e montagem. Ser?o apresentados os processos de fabrica??o e montagem do coletor e do reservat?rio t?rmico alternativo, e resultados de testes que demonstrar?o a viabilidade do sistema de aquecimento proposto para promover o aquecimento de ?gua para banho para uma fam?lia de quatro pessoas. Demonstrou-se que o coletor solar proposto teve capacidade de promover o aquecimento da massa de ?gua do RTA a uma temperatura m?dia de 50?C, em um ?nico dia de aquecimento, temperatura muito acima da temperatura ideal de banho e que o sistema de aquecimento tinha autonomia de quatro banhos para um ?nico dia de teste. A perda t?rmica do coletor solar estudado esteve muito acima da relativa aos coletores solares convencionais de mercado, mas n?o inviabilizou a utiliza??o do coletor solar proposto para utiliza??es residenciais. O coletor solar de grade mista apresentou custo de fabrica??o correspondente a 50% do relativo a um coletor solar convencional de mercado e o reservat?rio t?rmico alternativo apresentou perda t?rmica compar?vel ? de reservat?rios convencionais de mercado, com custo de fabrica??o 70% menor. / Solar water heating is one of the main applications of this energy source, because it has already proved that the use of solar heaters can bring significant cost savings to the energy matrix by use of electric showers, large consumers of energy. Within that context was studied a solar water heating system for bath, consisting of a solar collector with pipes and PVC thermal reservoir absorbers made from a polyethylene drum 200 liters. Absorbing tubes were joined by T-connections and knees of PVC, and setting the grid formed absorber was in series/parallel, to provide greater heating capacity, increasing the temperature of the circulating water. The thermal reservoir composed of polyethylene drum was coated on galvanized steel sheets and between the two surfaces have been applied polyurethane foam, a material of excellent thermal resistance. The proposed heating system had as main features the low cost and simple processes of manufacture and Assembly. Will be presented the processes of manufacture and Assembly of the collector and the heat reservoir, and results of tests that will demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed heating system to promote the heating of water for a shower for a family of four. It was demonstrated that the proposed solar collector had ability to promote pasta water heating thermal tank alternate an average temperature of 50? C, in a single day, well higher than the bathroom, between 36-38? C, and the heating system had autonomy of four baths for a single day of testing. The solar collector heat loss studied was very above on the conventional market solar collectors, but not impeded the use of solar collector proposed for residential uses. The solar heating system alternative studied had cost corresponding to 40% of the conventional market, its economic viability.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:21:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Martins 1.pdf: 23811071 bytes, checksum: 568400fecf0be29d976bf705b868b9c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-11-07 / Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas / In the rainy periods, the city of S?o Paulo becomes a scenario for constant social and economical impacts before the damages caused by the inundations. This fact is associated, among other reasons, to an expressive land occupation and soil water-sealing and to the occupation of the areas under risk of inundations the meadows and bottoms of valleys. The research below analyzes the different concepts for handling pluvial waters under the scope of reflections relative to the infrastructure works and public actions addressed to prevent inundations. We tried to present the hygienist vision regarding the increase in water conductivity up to the new environmental vision of sustainable rain water handling, highlighting the use of non-structural measures. For such an effect, we used as case study the Basin of C?rrego Cabu?u de Baixo located at the northwest area of the city of S?o Paulo that, for a long time, was object for punctual interventions with predominance of canalization works and, in the end of the nineties, it counted with the implementation of non-conventional measures that took into account the planning of land occupation and the reservation of pluvial waters. Through the evaluation of this experience we look for identifying the permanencies and ruptures in the treatment related to the subject of inundations. / Nos per?odos de precipita??es, a cidade de S?o Paulo torna-se cen?rio de constantes impactos sociais e econ?micos frente aos preju?zos causados pelas inunda??es. Esse fato est? associado, entre outros motivos, a uma expressiva ocupa??o e impermeabiliza??o do solo e ? ocupa??o das ?reas de risco de enchentes as v?rzeas e fundos de vales. A pesquisa que se segue analisa as diversas concep??es de manejo de ?guas pluviais no ?mbito das reflex?es relativas ?s obras de infra-estrutura e a??es p?blicas destinadas ? preven??o de enchentes. Buscou-se apresentar desde a vis?o higienista do aumento da condutividade hidr?ulica at? a nova vis?o ambiental do manejo sustent?vel da ?gua precipitada, com ?nfase no uso de medidas n?o-estruturais. Nesse sentido, foi utilizado como estudo de caso a Bacia do C?rrego Cabu?u de Baixo localizada na regi?o noroeste da cidade de S?o Paulo que, durante muito tempo, foi objeto de interven??es pontuais com predomin?ncia de obras de canaliza??o e, no final dos anos 90, contou com a implementa??o de medidas n?o convencionais que levaram em considera??o o planejamento da ocupa??o do solo e a reserva??o das ?guas pluviais. Atrav?s da avalia??o dessa experi?ncia busca-se identificar as perman?ncias e rupturas no trato com a quest?o das enchentes.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:16:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006-Aline Rodrigues Paraguassu.pdf: 983519 bytes, checksum: 0c74cca0a30825c36292d89b35424d4e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-21 / Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / From April 2002 to July 2003, 296 freshwater fishes from Lajes Reservoirs in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (22?42 - 22?50 S, 43?53 - 44?05 W) were necropsied to study their community metazoan parasites: 39 Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758), 79 A. fasciatus (Cuvier, 1819), 65 Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824), 23 Hypostomus affinis (Steindachner, 1877), 26 Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794), 30 Loricariichthys castaneus (Castelnau, 1855) and 34 Trachelyopterus striatulus (Steindachner, 1877). The majority specimens of G. brasiliensis (81.5%), H. affinis (95.6%) and H. malabaricus (84.6%) was parasitized by one or more metazoan species. In A. bimaculatus, A. fasciatus, L. castaneus and T. striatulus 41%, 39.2%, 56.7 and 14.7% of specimens were parasitized, respectively.Ten different metazoan parasites species were collected: 2 in A. bimaculatus, 3 in A. fasciatus, 6 in G. brasiliensis, 3 in H. affinis, 4 in H. malabaricus, 4 in L. castaneus and 1 in T. striatulus. Six species were common in at least two communities. The glossiophonid was collected in 6 communities. The larval stage of digeneans were the majority of the parasite specimens collected in H. malabaricus and L. castaneus with 45.9% and 80.4%, respectively. In A. bimaculatus and A. fasciatus the nematodes were the majority of the parasite specimens collected, while in G. brasiliensis and H. affinis the hirudine glossiophonid was the majority of the parasite specimens collected. Only one spcecies of monogenean was collected in T. striatulus. The parasite of 7 host species showed the typical aggregate pattern of distribution. Two cases of negative correlation between host s total length and prevalence and parasite abundance were found. The parasite community of L. castaneus showed the higher values of mean intensity, index of dispersion and higher values of diversity. While the parasite community of H. affinis showed the higher values of mean abundance and the mean parasite species richness. Only in A. fasciatus and L. castaneus the abundance and parasite species richness showed positive correlations with the host s total length. Geophagus brasiliensis was the species with higher number of species: ectoparasites (3), adult endoparasites (1) and larval stage of endoparasites (2). The parasite communities of the studied fishes showed scarcity of significant correlation of parasitic abundance, scpecies richness and diversity and the size of the host. The low scpecies richness and diversity of parasite communities could be attribute by oligotrophic characteristics of the Lajes Reservoirs. / Entre abril de 2002 e julho de 2003, foram necropsiados 296 esp?cimes de peixes: 39 Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758), 79 A. fasciatus (Cuvier, 1819), 65 Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824), 23 Hypostomus affinis (Steindachner, 1877), 26 Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794), 30 Loricariichthys castaneus (Castelnau, 1855) e 34 Trachelyopterus striatulus (Steindachner, 1877) provenientes do Reservat?rio de Lajes (22?42 - 22?50 S, 43?53 - 44?05 O), Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, para estudo das suas comunidades parasit?rias. A maioria dos esp?cimes de G. brasiliensis (81,5%), H. affinis (95,6%) e H. malabaricus (84,6%) estavam parasitados por pelo menos uma esp?cie de metazo?rio. Em A. bimaculatus, A. fasciatus, L. castaneus e T. striatulus 41%, 39,2%, 56,7% e 14,7% dos esp?cimes estavam parasitados, respectivamente. Foram coletadas 10 diferentes esp?cies de metazo?rios parasitos: 3 digen?ticos, 1 monogen?tico, 2 nemat?ides, 1 cop?pode, 1 hirud?neo, 1 bivalve e 1 is?pode. Seis esp?cies de metazo?rios parasitos foram comuns a pelo menos duas comunidades. O glossiphon?deo foi encontrado em seis das sete comunidades estudadas. Os est?gios larvais de digen?ticos corresponderam ? maioria dos esp?cimes coletados em H. malabaricus e L. castaneus com 45,9% e 80,4%, respectivamente. Em A. bimaculatus e A. fasciatus os nemat?ides corresponderam a maioria dos esp?cimes coletados, enquanto em G. brasiliensis e H. affinis o glossiphonideo correspondeu a maioria dos esp?cimes coletados. Apenas uma esp?cie de monogen?tico foi coletada em T. striatulus. As comunidades de metazo?rios parasitos dos sete peixes estudados apresentaram t?pico padr?o de distribui??o agregada. Apenas o glossiphonideo apresentou correla??o negativa entre a abund?ncia e a preval?ncia parasit?rias e o comprimento total em H. malabaricus e L. castaneus, respectivamente. A comunidade parasit?ria de L. castaneus apresentou os maiores valores de intensidade m?dia, ?ndice de dispers?o e diversidade. Enquanto a comunidade parasit?ria de H. affinis apresentou os maiores valores de abund?ncia m?dia e riqueza parasit?ria. Apenas em A. fasciatus e L. castaneus a abund?ncia e a riqueza parasit?ria apresentaram correla??o positiva com o comprimento total do hospedeiro. Geophagus brasiliensis foi o hospedeiro com o maior n?mero de esp?cies de parasitos: ectoparasitos (3), endoparasitos adultos (1) e est?gios larvais de endoparasitos (2). As comunidades parasit?rias dos peixes estudados apresentaram escassez de correla??o entre a abund?ncia, riqueza parasit?ria e diversidade com o comprimento total dos hospedeiros. Os baixos valores de riqueza e diversidade das comunidades parasit?rias podem ser atribu?dos as caracter?sticas oligotr?ficas do Reservat?rio de Lajes.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:54:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlineSA_DISSERT.pdf: 1583809 bytes, checksum: 343a84e538c8f2f9d5178bc5575e4d4a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This study aimed to assess the sustainability of the Caic?-RN through the application of the Barometer of Sustainability. Scales of performance were made and the results were processed and placed in the scale of that tool, varying from 0 to 100. The results indicate that Caic? has a potentially untenable position in accordance with the Barometer of Sustainability / Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a sustentabilidade do munic?pio de Caic?-RN por meio da aplica??o do Bar?metro da Sustentabilidade. Foram feitas escalas de desempenho do munic?pio e os resultados foram tratados e colocados em escalas relativas que variam de 0 a 100. Os resultados indicam que Caic? ocupa uma posi??o potencialmente insustent?vel de acordo com a metodologia da ferramenta

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TommyAP_capa_ate_cap4.pdf: 809913 bytes, checksum: 0090aa039ef326f260cb40945133e6d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-27 / Petr?leo Brasileiro SA - PETROBRAS / The gas injection has become the most important IOR process in the United States. Furthermore, the year 2006 marks the first time the gas injection IOR production has surpassed that of steam injection. In Brazil, the installation of a petrochemical complex in the Northeast of Brazil (Bahia State) offers opportunities for the injection of gases in the fields located in the Rec?ncavo Basin. Field-scale gas injection applications have almost always been associated with design and operational difficulties. The mobility ratio, which controls the volumetric sweep, between the injected gas and displaced oil bank in gas processes, is typically unfavorable due to the relatively low viscosity of the injected gas. Furthermore, the difference between their densities results in severe gravity segregation of fluids in the reservoirs, consequently leading to poor control in the volumetric sweep. Nowadays, from the above applications of gas injection, the WAG process is most popular. However, in attempting to solve the mobility problems, the WAG process gives rise to other problems associated with increased water saturation in the reservoir including diminished gas injectivity and increased competition to the flow of oil. The low field performance of WAG floods with oil recoveries in the range of 5-10% is a clear indication of these problems. In order to find na effective alternative to WAG, the Gas Assisted Gravity Drainage (GAGD) was developed. This process is designed to take advantage of gravity force to allow vertical segregation between the injected CO2 and reservoir crude oil due to their density difference. This process consists of placing horizontal producers near the bottom of the pay zone and injecting g?s through existing vertical wells in field. Homogeneous models were used in this work which can be extrapolated to commercial application for fields located in the Northeast of Brazil. The simulations were performed in a CMG simulator, the STARS 2007.11, where some parameters and their interactions were analyzed. The results have shown that the CO2 injection in GAGD process increased significantly the rate and the final recovery of oil / A inje??o de g?s tem sido o m?todo de recupera??o mais utilizado nos Estados Unidos e o ano de 2006 marca a primeira vez em que a produ??o proveniente dos processos de inje??o de g?s superou os de inje??o de vapor. No Brasil, a instala??o do complexo petroqu?mico, no estado da Bahia, oferece oportunidades para inje??o de g?s na Bacia do Rec?ncavo. As aplica??es de inje??o de g?s em campo foram quase sempre associadas com dificuldades operacionais e de projetos. A raz?o de mobilidade, que controla a varredura volum?trica, entre o g?s injetado e o banco de ?leo deslocado, ? tipicamente desfavor?vel devido ? baixa viscosidade do g?s. Al?m de que a diferen?a entre as densidades conduz a segrega??o gravitacional severa dos fluidos no reservat?rio e consequentemente, levando a um pobre controle na varredura volum?trica. Atualmente, grande parte dos projetos de inje??o de g?s no mundo ? do tipo WAG. Entretanto, na tentativa de resolver os problemas de mobilidade, o processo WAG causa outros problemas como o aumento na satura??o de ?gua no reservat?rio, incluindo a diminui??o na injetividade do g?s e aumento da competi??o no fluxo do ?leo. O baixo desempenho na recupera??o de ?leo deste processo no campo, na ordem de 5 a 10%, ? uma clara indica??o destes problemas. A fim de encontrar uma alternativa eficaz para o WAG, o processo de drenagem gravitacional assistida por inje??o de g?s (GAGD) foi desenvolvido. O processo GAGD ? projetado para tomar vantagem da for?a gravitacional causando assim, a segrega??o vertical entre o CO2 injetado e a reserva de ?leo devido ? diferen?a de densidades. Este processo consiste na coloca??o de po?os produtores horizontais pr?ximos a parte inferior da zona de ?leo e inje??o de g?s atrav?s de po?os verticais existentes em campo. Modelos homog?neos foram utilizados neste trabalho os quais podem ser extrapolados para aplica??o comercial em campos localizados no nordeste brasileiro. As simula??es foram realizadas no simulador da CMG STARS 2007.11, sendo analisados alguns par?metros e suas intera??es. Os resultados mostraram que a inje??o de CO2 no processo GAGD aumentou significativamente a vaz?o e a recupera??o final de ?leo

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Janaina Medeiros Dantas Barbosa_DISSERT_01_35.pdf: 3284535 bytes, checksum: 7cd819680331f233db6c8299e7522b7b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-12 / Petr?leo Brasileiro SA - PETROBRAS / Continuous steam injection is one of heavy oil thermal recovery methods used in the Brazilian Northeast because of high occurrence of heavy oil reservoir. In this process, the oil into the reservoir is heated while reduces, substantially, its viscosity and improves the production. This work analyzed how the shaly sand layers influenced in the recovery. The studied models were synthetics, but the used reservoir data can be extrapolated to real situations of Potiguar Basin. The modeling was executed using the STARS - Steam Thermal and Advanced Process Reservoir Simulator - whose version was 2007.10. STARS is a tool of CMG Computer Modeling Group. The study was conducted in two stages, the first we analyzed the influence of reservoir parameters in the thermal process, so some of these were studied, including: horizontal permeability of the reservoir and the layer of shaly sand, ratio of horizontal permeability to vertical permeability, the influence of capillary pressure layer of shaly sand and as the location and dimensions of this heterogeneity can affect the productivity of oil. Among the parameters studied the horizontal permeability of the reservoir showed the most significant influence on the process followed by diversity. In the second stage three models were selected and studied some operational parameters such as injection rate, distance between wells, production time and completion intervals. Among the operating parameters studied the low rate and intermediate distances between wells showed the best recoveries / A inje??o cont?nua de vapor ? um dos m?todos t?rmicos de recupera??o de ?leos pesados utilizados no Nordeste Brasileiro, devido ? grande ocorr?ncia de reservat?rios contendo este tipo de ?leo. Este processo consiste em aquecer o ?leo existente no reservat?rio diminuindo substancialmente a sua viscosidade melhorando assim, a sua produ??o. Neste trabalho foi estudada qual a influ?ncia da presen?a de camadas de areia argilosas no reservat?rio para este tipo de recupera??o. Os modelos s?o sint?ticos, por?m com dados de reservat?rios que podem ser extrapolados para situa??es de aplica??es pr?ticas na Bacia Potiguar que apresenta reservat?rios com essa heterogeneidade. A modelagem foi implementada no simulador de recupera??o t?rmica STARS (Steam, Thermal, and Advanced Processes Reservoir Simulator) vers?o 2007.10 da CMG (Computer Modelling Group). O estudo foi realizado em duas etapas, na primeira foi analisada a influ?ncia dos par?metros de reservat?rio neste processo t?rmico, sendo assim, alguns desses foram estudados, dentre eles: permeabilidade horizontal do reservat?rio e da camada de areia argilosa, rela??o da permeabilidade horizontal com a permeabilidade vertical, influ?ncia da press?o capilar da camada de areia argilosa e como a localiza??o e as dimens?es dessa heterogeneidade podem afetar a produtividade de ?leo. Dentre os par?metros estudados a permeabilidade horizontal do reservat?rio foi o que apresentou maior influ?ncia significativa ao processo seguido da heterogeneidade. Na segunda etapa foram selecionados tr?s modelos e estudado alguns par?metros operacionais, tais como: vaz?o de inje??o, dist?ncia entre po?os, tempo de produ??o e intervalos de completa??o. Dentre os par?metros operacionais estudados as baixas vaz?es e as dist?ncias entre po?os intermedi?rias foram as que apresentaram as melhores recupera??es

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-08-27T00:31:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AntonioItaloAlvesDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 4463689 bytes, checksum: 551e6cfc6b5b3ee103a6159082da29de (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-02T20:35:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AntonioItaloAlvesDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 4463689 bytes, checksum: 551e6cfc6b5b3ee103a6159082da29de (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-02T20:35:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AntonioItaloAlvesDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 4463689 bytes, checksum: 551e6cfc6b5b3ee103a6159082da29de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-19 / A descoberta do pr?-sal em 2006 trouxe novas expectativas para o futuro do setor petrol?fero no Brasil. Por?m, muitos desafios est?o relacionados ? atividade de explora??o e produ??o daquela regi?o, como por exemplo a perfura??o de uma extensa camada de sal, quest?es de log?stica e a alta concentra??o de CO2 (entre 8% e 12%). Esse g?s associado ao g?s natural n?o pode apenas ser lan?ado para atmosfera por quest?es ambientais e, portanto, a reinje??o desse g?s pode ser uma alternativa vi?vel. O CO2 causa inchamento do ?leo, reduzindo sua viscosidade e, portanto, facilita o fluxo de ?leo para o po?o produtor. Foi modelado um reservat?rio com caracter?sticas do pr?-sal no simulador comercial da CMG (Computer Modelling Group). Foram analisados par?metros como vaz?o de inje??o, dist?ncia vertical entre os po?os produtor e injetor, comprimento dos po?os e dist?ncia do po?o produtor ? base do reservat?rio e como esses par?metros influenciam no processo. O tempo total de projeto foi de 35 anos e as an?lise ocorreram para o primeiro ano de projeto, 2 anos 5, 15. 20 e 35 anos. O melhor caso conferiu um fator de recupera??o de 60% e em todos os anos, a vaz?o de inje??o foi o par?metro que mais influenciou no projeto. Em seguida procedeu-se uma an?lise econ?mica para dois cen?rios: comprando CO2 e transportando atrav?s de um carboduto e reinjetando o mesmo no po?o a partir da separa??o do g?s da corrente de g?s natural. A partir da viabilidade econ?mica dos dois projetos, foi analisado os impactos no VPL de oscicla??es dos componentes do fluxo de caixa . / The Discovery of Pr?-Sal (huge oil field located in a pre-salt layer undersea) in 2006 increased the persperctive of petroleum production to Brazil. Characterized as an light oil (28? - 30? API) comparing to the national average, many challenges were overcome to make the exploration economically viable. One of the problems found to produce oil from that region was the high percentage of carbon dioxide (between 8% and 12%), reaching 75% molar in some regions like J?piter field. The alternative found was to reinject the carbon dioxide from the separation of the natural g?s made on own production platform (an FPSO). The reinjection study was realized from the modeling of an light oil, with 8% of carbon dioxide, and an homogeneous oil reservoir, semi-synthetic, with similar characteristics to that region. It was implemented a Project with a time of 35 years and studied the following paramethers: Carbon dioxide flow rate, vertical distance between horizontal rigs used, distance from the rig to the base of the reservoir and the length of the producer rig to the injector rig. After choosing the best scenario, it was realized an analysis of the sensibility related to the injection flow rate reaching a fraction of recovered oil of 64%. In sequence, was realized an economic analysis from two cases: for the first one was admitted the purchase of carbon dioxide from an anthropogenic source and its transport to the platform made by a carboduct. The second case was considered the reinjection of produced gas by the rig from the process of membrane permeation with posterior reinjection. The first one obtained a maximum NPV (Net Present Value) of US$129.885.806,68 and the second one a maximum NPV of US$325.329.657,00. At last, was realized an uncertainty analysis towards the components values of the cash flow for both cases, verifying wich components is more sensitive to the NPV.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:01:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaCatarinaLR.pdf: 1581949 bytes, checksum: d36f953346d69da5932504873625ff62 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-03 / ?The aims of this study were: i) assessing the trophic state of the Mendubim reservoir (semi-arid, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; 05? 38 99,0 S 36?55 98,0 W) based on chlorophyll-a, total phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations and water transparency; ii) relating the patterns of temporal variation of zooplankton and phytoplankton to the trophic state of the reservoir and iii) investigating the carrying capacity of the reservoir for cage fish farming. The samplingwas done monthly from July 2006 to July 2007 in three stations at the reservoir: next to the dam (barrage), in the central region and in the mouth of the main tributary. The abiotic and biotic variables analyzed were: Secchi depth, volatiles and fixed suspended solids, chlorophyll-a, total phosphorus and nitrogen, TN:TP ratio and mesozooplankton and phytoplankton composition and biomass. The results showed that the reservoir can be considered as mesotrophic with mean concentrations of total nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorophyll-a equal to 1711, 1 ?g.L-1, 30,8 ?g.L-1 and 5,62 ?g.L-1 respectively. The Cyanophyceae class was the most representative in terms of density, with the presence of potentially toxic species such as Microcystis aeruginosa, Planktothrix planctonica, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Aphanizomenon sp. ,Aphanocapsa delicatissima and Pseudanabaena acicularis. Among the zooplankton, the genus Notodiaptomus presented the largest biomass values. Overall, our results show that the light limitation should explain the weak relationship between chlorophyll-a and total phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations. We concluded that the water of Mendubim reservoir is suitable for intensive fish cage aquaculture. Based on the carrying capacity calculations for this reservoir, we found that the maximum sustainable yield of tilapias in cages in the reservoir is 126 ton per year assuming a factor of food conversion of 1.5: 1.0 and a phosphorus content in the fish food of 1% / ?Os objetivos do presente estudo foram: i) avaliar o estado tr?fico do reservat?rio Mendubim (semi-?rido, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil; 05? 38 99,0 S 36?55 98,0 W ) com base nas concentra??es de clorofila-a, f?sforo e nitrog?nio total, e na transpar?ncia da ?gua; ii) relacionar os padr?es de varia??o temporal da composi??o e biomassa do fitopl?ncton e zoopl?ncton ?s varia??es do estado tr?fico do reservat?rio e iii) investigar a capacidade de suporte do reservat?rio para o desenvolvimento de atividades de piscicultura em tanques-redes. Para tanto, foram realizadas amostragem mensais no per?odo de julho/2006 a julho/2007 em tr?s pontos de coleta, sendo um pr?ximo ? barragem, outro na regi?o central do reservat?rio e o terceiro na desembocadura do principal tribut?rio. As vari?veis bi?ticas e abi?ticas analisadas foram: profundidade e transpar?ncia da coluna d??gua, concentra??es de s?lidos fixos e vol?teis em suspens?o, clorofila-a, nitrog?nio e f?sforo total, raz?o NT:PT, composi??o e biovolume do fitopl?ncton, composi??o e biomassa do mesozoopl?ncton. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o reservat?rio em estudo pode ser considerado mesotr?fico com concentra??es m?dias de nitrog?nio total, f?sforo total e clorofila-a igual a 1711,1?g l-1 , 30,8 ?g l-1 e 5,62 ?g l-1 respectivamente. A classe Cyanophyceae foi a de maior representatividade em termos quantitativos, com a presen?a de esp?cies potencialmente t?xicas, tais como Microcystis aeruginosa, Planktothrix planctonica, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Aphanizomenon sp., Aphanocapsa delicatissima e Pseudanabaena acicularis. Quanto ? comunidade zooplanct?nica, o g?nero Notodiaptomus, foi o que apresentou maiores valores de biomassa. De um modo geral, os resultados encontrados mostram que a limita??o do crescimento algal por luz, ? uma poss?vel explica??o para as fracas rela??es entre as concentra??es de clorofila-a e de f?sforo e nitrog?nio total no ambiente. Com isso, conclu?mos que as ?guas do reservat?rio Mendubim se encontram apropriadas para a produ??o de pescado num regime intensivo de cultivo em tanques-rede. Com base nos c?lculos da capacidade de suporte do ambiente, verificamos que a produ??o m?xima sustent?vel de til?pias em tanques-rede no reservat?rio ? da ordem de 126 toneladas por ano assumindo um fator de convers?o alimentar de 1,5:1,0 e um conte?do de f?sforo na ra??o de (1,0%)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:01:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ThiagoPNM.pdf: 364395 bytes, checksum: d196df37d1feef6ed3e5d5cd9f931834 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-10 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The eutrofization is a natural process of accumulation of nutrients in aquatic?s body that it has been accelerated for the human?s actives, mainly the related with the activities of camp, industrial and the inadequate disposition of the domestic sewage. The enrichment of the aquatic?s body with nutrients, mainly the nitrogen and the phosphorus, and the consequent proliferation of algae and Cyanobacteria can commit the quality of the water for the public provisioning, for the fish farming and for other ends. The problem becomes more critical when there is a shortage of water naturally as in the semi-arid area of the Brazilian northeast. Before that problem this work had as objective evaluates the trophic state of six reservoirs of the basin of River Serid? of Rio Grande of Norte and also estimate the capacity of load of match of the reservoir and risk probabilities based on the established limits by the resolution Conama 357/05. The results demonstrate that the six reservoirs are eutrofization, with concentration of total phosphorus and cloro a in the water upster to 50 e 12 μg l-1. The results show that space homogeneity exists in the state trophic of the reservoirs, but a significant variation interanual in function of the increase of the concentrations of nutrients and decrease of the transparency of the water with the reduction of the body of water accumulated in the reservoirs.The results of the simulation risk estocastic show that the reservoirs could receive annually from 72 to 216 Kg of P, assuming a risk of 10% of increasing in more than 30 μg l-1 the annual medium concentrations of total match in the water of these reservoirs. This load could be high in until 360 kg of P a year in case the managers assume a risk of 10% of increasing in more than 50 μg l-1 the annual medium concentrations of total phosphorus in the waters of these reservoirs / A eutrofiza??o ? um processo de ac?mulo de nutrientes em ambientes aqu?ticos que tem sido acelerado pelas atividades antr?picas, principalmente as relacionadas com as atividades agropastoris, industriais e a disposi??o inadequada dos efluentes dom?sticos. O enriquecimento do ambiente aqu?tico com nutrientes, principalmente o nitrog?nio e o f?sforo, e a conseq?ente prolifera??o de algas e cianobact?rias podem comprometer a qualidade da ?gua para o abastecimento p?blico, para a piscicultura e para outros fins. O problema se torna mais cr?tico quando h? naturalmente uma escassez de ?gua como na regi?o semi-?rida do nordeste brasileiro. Diante dessa problem?tica este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o estado tr?fico de seis reservat?rios da bacia do Rio Serid? no Rio Grande do Norte e tamb?m mensurar a capacidade de carga de f?sforo dos reservat?rios visando o seu enquadramento segundo a resolu??o CONAMA 357/05. Os resultados demonstram que os seis reservat?rios encontram-se eutrofizados, com concentra??es de f?sforo total e clorofila a na ?gua superiores a 50 e 12 ?g l-1 respectivamente. Os resultados mostram que existe uma homogeneidade espacial, mas uma significativa varia??o interanual no estado tr?fico dos reservat?rios em fun??o das varia??es do volume de ?gua acumulado nos reservat?rios. Os resultados da simula??o estoc?stica de risco mostram que os reservat?rios com maior capacidade de carga poderiam receber anualmente at? 216 Kg de P, assumindo um risco de 10% de aumentar em mais de 30 ?g l-1 as concentra??es m?dias anuais de f?sforo total na ?gua destes reservat?rios. Esta carga poderia ser elevada em at? 360 kg de P por ano caso os gestores assumam um risco de 10% de aumentar em mais de 50 ?g l-1 as concentra??es m?dias anuais de f?sforo total nas ?guas destes reservat?rios

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TayllandyaSP_DISSERT.pdf: 2803522 bytes, checksum: 516959be83003bd573c721b4ad05b984 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-06 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Nowadays, most of the hydrocarbon reserves in the world are in the form of heavy oil, ultra - heavy or bitumen. For the extraction and production of this resource is required to implement new technologies. One of the promising processes for the recovery of this oil is the Expanding Solvent Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (ES-SAGD) which uses two parallel horizontal wells, where the injection well is situated vertically above the production well. The completion of the process occurs upon injection of a hydrocarbon additive at low concentration in conjunction with steam. The steam adds heat to reduce the viscosity of the oil and solvent aids in reducing the interfacial tension between oil/ solvent. The main force acting in this process is the gravitational and the heat transfer takes place by conduction, convection and latent heat of steam. In this study was used the discretized wellbore model, where the well is discretized in the same way that the reservoir and each section of the well treated as a block of grid, with interblock connection with the reservoir. This study aims to analyze the influence of the pressure drop and heat along the injection well in the ES-SAGD process. The model used for the study is a homogeneous reservoir, semi synthetic with characteristics of the Brazilian Northeast and numerical simulations were performed using the STARS thermal simulator from CMG (Computer Modelling Group). The operational parameters analyzed were: percentage of solvent injected, the flow of steam injection, vertical distance between the wells and steam quality. All of them were significant in oil recovery factor positively influencing this. The results showed that, for all cases analyzed, the model considers the pressure drop has cumulative production of oil below its respective model that disregards such loss. This difference is more pronounced the lower the value of the flow of steam injection / Atualmente, a maior parte das reservas de hidrocarbonetos no mundo se encontram na forma de ?leo pesado, ultra-pesado ou betume. Para a extra??o e produ??o desse recurso ? necess?ria a implanta??o de novas tecnologias. Um dos processos promissores para a recupera??o desse ?leo ? a drenagem gravitacional assistida com vapor e solvente (ESSAGD) que utiliza dois po?os horizontais paralelos, onde o injetor ? disposto acima do produtor. A realiza??o do processo se d? mediante a inje??o de um aditivo de hidrocarboneto em baixa concentra??o em conjunto com vapor. O vapor contribui com calor para redu??o da viscosidade do ?leo e o solvente ajuda na miscibilidade, reduzindo a tens?o interfacial entre ?leo/solvente. A principal for?a atuante neste processo ? a gravitacional e a transfer?ncia de calor ocorre por meio da condu??o, convec??o e pelo calor latente do vapor. Neste estudo foi utilizado o modelo discretizado, onde o po?o ? discretizado da mesma forma que o reservat?rio, sendo cada se??o do po?o tratada como um bloco da grade, com conex?o interblocos com o reservat?rio. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a influ?ncia da perda de carga e calor ao longo do po?o injetor no processo ES-SAGD. O modelo utilizado para estudo trata-se de um reservat?rio homog?neo, semissint?tico com caracter?sticas do Nordeste Brasileiro e as simula??es num?ricas foram realizadas atrav?s do simulador t?rmico STARS da CMG (Computer Modelling Group). Os par?metros operacionais analisados foram: porcentagem de solvente injetado, vaz?o de inje??o de vapor, dist?ncia vertical entre os po?os e qualidade de vapor. Todos eles foram significativos no Fator de Recupera??o de ?leo. Os resultados demonstraram que, para todos os casos analisados, o modelo que considera a perda de carga apresenta produ??o acumulada de ?leo inferior ao seu respectivo modelo que desconsidera tal perda. Essa diferen?a ? mais acentuada quanto menor o valor da vaz?o de inje??o de vapor