The rapid modernization and densification of Taipei has resulted in a culturally and socially unsustainable society. The North American paradigm of high-rise condominiums disrupts the social pattern of the vernacular family, cultural activities and communities, isolating the city dwellers within their own homes. The physical city no longer reflects or supports its social and cultural condition, thus has led to the disintegration of traditional customs and lifestyle without a sustainable replacement. The hypothesis of this thesis is that high-density residential architecture can be reinvented through the reinterpretation of vernacular dwelling to accommodate cultural sustainable activities and a sociable, identifiable community. <br /><br /> The first three chapters record and examine three branches of research: vernacular Taiwanese culture and architecture, high-density vernacular architecture, and the current condition of Taipei, Taiwan. The research deals with various disciplines, most importantly family and social structure, to provide a foundation for further discussion of dwelling condition versus culture. Chapter iv compares and analyzes the relationship between residential architecture and lifestyle of the vernacular and current dwelling. It argues for the importance of communities at different scales, bound together by a hierarchy of communal spaces. The condominium building is carefully reexamined under the categories of the unit, the floor, the building as a village, and the neighbourhood. <br /><br /> The design project, Vertical Vernacular [chapter v], presents a new typology of high-density residential architecture. It demonstrates the implantation of the theories and prototypes developed in the previous chapter, by consideration of current culture and family structure, including both traditional customs and modern lifestyle. A full range of unit plans are developed based on demographics, family structure, traditional custom, and adoption of tradition to modern imperatives. The co-operative living environment inspired by the vernacular dwelling creates friendly, strong and safe communities within the condominium. Furthermore, the project aims for the feasibility of the concept within the densest district of Taipei City from a developer's point-of-view.

The rapid modernization and densification of Taipei has resulted in a culturally and socially unsustainable society. The North American paradigm of high-rise condominiums disrupts the social pattern of the vernacular family, cultural activities and communities, isolating the city dwellers within their own homes. The physical city no longer reflects or supports its social and cultural condition, thus has led to the disintegration of traditional customs and lifestyle without a sustainable replacement. The hypothesis of this thesis is that high-density residential architecture can be reinvented through the reinterpretation of vernacular dwelling to accommodate cultural sustainable activities and a sociable, identifiable community. <br /><br /> The first three chapters record and examine three branches of research: vernacular Taiwanese culture and architecture, high-density vernacular architecture, and the current condition of Taipei, Taiwan. The research deals with various disciplines, most importantly family and social structure, to provide a foundation for further discussion of dwelling condition versus culture. Chapter iv compares and analyzes the relationship between residential architecture and lifestyle of the vernacular and current dwelling. It argues for the importance of communities at different scales, bound together by a hierarchy of communal spaces. The condominium building is carefully reexamined under the categories of the unit, the floor, the building as a village, and the neighbourhood. <br /><br /> The design project, Vertical Vernacular [chapter v], presents a new typology of high-density residential architecture. It demonstrates the implantation of the theories and prototypes developed in the previous chapter, by consideration of current culture and family structure, including both traditional customs and modern lifestyle. A full range of unit plans are developed based on demographics, family structure, traditional custom, and adoption of tradition to modern imperatives. The co-operative living environment inspired by the vernacular dwelling creates friendly, strong and safe communities within the condominium. Furthermore, the project aims for the feasibility of the concept within the densest district of Taipei City from a developer's point-of-view.

The important positions of the thesis are mainly to understand the transformation in the architecture discipline under the umbrella of globalization and to define the current situation of residential architecture dominated by the new actors of construction sector through the transformation of identity value. In the first part of the study, how the production of residential architecture in Turkey is affected by the new values of capitalist globalization in the 21st century is examined. In order to monitor the development by the reflections of new actors in residential architecture, Istanbul is defined as a domain of the study. The main aim is to read the spatial and socio-cultural changes and developments in terms of residential architecture and to explore how the structure of the city affected by global developments and neo-liberal economic policies has formed. Thus, an inventory is established by the multi-unit housing projects completed in the first decade of the 21st century and the full list is investigated in terms of various kinds of housing supply and the different socio-economic status groups addressed by the projects. After defining the relation of residential architecture with city, the specific contribution of this dissertation is the explication of the role of the marketing industry in the formation of residential architecture through the conception of identity. The effects of marketing strategies on the architectural formation are discussed through selected cases to uncover which attitudes have caused the transformation in the internal values of the residential architecture. Therefore, the discussion on the identity formed by the coercive notions and the personalization of the actors involved in the process provides a basis for analysing the reflections of different disciplines on the architectural formation. This new discussion ground not only identifies the decisiveness of the architectural design in the formation of the end product but also contributes to the probe of the positional existence of the architect.

Os loteamentos residenciais fechados tem sido objeto de crítica acadêmica pelos seus aspectos de segregação e isolamento social, de interrupção do traçado urbano e de privatização do espaço de natureza pública entre outros. Entretanto esse tipo de ocupação tem se expandido pelo país, alterando a característica de nossas cidades. Esta dissertação analisa a arquitetura residencial produzida em Alphaville, no município de Barueri, considerando o contexto em que se insere esse modelo urbano, incluindo hábitos e práticas particulares no desenvolvimento de suas relações sociais. Para isso são apresentadas as análises críticas de oito projetos residenciais que antecedem um acervo de imagens de aproximadamente trinta residências, além de um relato histórico elaborado a partir de informações obtidas em entrevistas com moradores. A unidade habitacional é tomada como célula básica para esse estudo, discutindo-se o projeto de arquitetura das residências como elemento revelador de hábitos familiares e de relacionamento social. Estendendo a cognição desses costumes para a coletividade chegamos então a um melhor entendimento discursivo a respeito da população que opta pelos enclaves fortificados. A contribuição aqui pretendida é pleitear subsídios para melhor compreensão do fenômeno no meio acadêmico, permitindo a evolução da discussão sobre a coexistência dos modelos, cidade aberta e cidade de muros, buscando o pensamento que promova verdadeiros acontecimentos transformadores e assim novas possibilidades para esse quadro. / Housing estates have been aimed at by academic criticism owing to, among others, their aspects of segregation and social isolation, the halt to urban layout and the privatization of public area. However, this kind of occupation has been sprawling throughout the country, tweaking our cities\' features. This paper analyzes the residential architecture devised at Alphaville, in Barueri County, taking into consideration the context in which this urban standard is located, embracing both habits and exclusive customary activities in fostering its social relations. For such matter, critical reviews of eight dwelling projects are introduced; they forego an image heap of approximately thirty houses, apart from a historical account drafted from information gathered in the interviews with local habitants. For this particular study, the housing unit is taken as a basic cell, deliberating the project of the housing architecture as an apprising feature of family customs and of social relationship. Protracting the acknowledgement of such traditions to the community we, then, reach a better comprising understanding concerning the population who opts for the strengthened jurisdictions. The contribution which here is aspired is to plead subsidies to enhance the awareness of the phenomenon in the academic environment, by allowing the discussion over the concurrence of archetypes, vigilant city and walled city, seeking the concept which triggers true shifting therefore new possibilities to this panorama.

Os loteamentos residenciais fechados tem sido objeto de crítica acadêmica pelos seus aspectos de segregação e isolamento social, de interrupção do traçado urbano e de privatização do espaço de natureza pública entre outros. Entretanto esse tipo de ocupação tem se expandido pelo país, alterando a característica de nossas cidades. Esta dissertação analisa a arquitetura residencial produzida em Alphaville, no município de Barueri, considerando o contexto em que se insere esse modelo urbano, incluindo hábitos e práticas particulares no desenvolvimento de suas relações sociais. Para isso são apresentadas as análises críticas de oito projetos residenciais que antecedem um acervo de imagens de aproximadamente trinta residências, além de um relato histórico elaborado a partir de informações obtidas em entrevistas com moradores. A unidade habitacional é tomada como célula básica para esse estudo, discutindo-se o projeto de arquitetura das residências como elemento revelador de hábitos familiares e de relacionamento social. Estendendo a cognição desses costumes para a coletividade chegamos então a um melhor entendimento discursivo a respeito da população que opta pelos enclaves fortificados. A contribuição aqui pretendida é pleitear subsídios para melhor compreensão do fenômeno no meio acadêmico, permitindo a evolução da discussão sobre a coexistência dos modelos, cidade aberta e cidade de muros, buscando o pensamento que promova verdadeiros acontecimentos transformadores e assim novas possibilidades para esse quadro. / Housing estates have been aimed at by academic criticism owing to, among others, their aspects of segregation and social isolation, the halt to urban layout and the privatization of public area. However, this kind of occupation has been sprawling throughout the country, tweaking our cities\' features. This paper analyzes the residential architecture devised at Alphaville, in Barueri County, taking into consideration the context in which this urban standard is located, embracing both habits and exclusive customary activities in fostering its social relations. For such matter, critical reviews of eight dwelling projects are introduced; they forego an image heap of approximately thirty houses, apart from a historical account drafted from information gathered in the interviews with local habitants. For this particular study, the housing unit is taken as a basic cell, deliberating the project of the housing architecture as an apprising feature of family customs and of social relationship. Protracting the acknowledgement of such traditions to the community we, then, reach a better comprising understanding concerning the population who opts for the strengthened jurisdictions. The contribution which here is aspired is to plead subsidies to enhance the awareness of the phenomenon in the academic environment, by allowing the discussion over the concurrence of archetypes, vigilant city and walled city, seeking the concept which triggers true shifting therefore new possibilities to this panorama.

Esta tese representa uma contribuição ao estudo da arquitetura residencial paulistana produzida no período entre as Grandes Guerras. Com base em uma amostra de projetos sorteados de residências, constantes nos processos de aprovação de construção sob a guarda do Arquivo Geral da Prefeitura do Município de São Paulo (Piqueri), analisa as inovações técnicoconstrutivas, os programas de necessidades e o repertório formal e estilístico empregados nas residências paulistanas das décadas de 20 e 30, enfocando particularmente as de classe média. Examina o quadro econômico, social, cultural e urbano existente na cidade de São Paulo no entre-guerras. Caracteriza os modelos estilísticos em voga nos anos 20 e 30 - o Neocolonial, em suas duas versões, e o Art Déco - refletindo acerca das mudanças de gosto, de comportamento e das influências estilísticas da arquitetura erudita sobre aquela popularizada na classe média. Revela o surgimento de uma nova linguagem estilística, o \"Maneirismo Paulistano\", e identifica um \"Estilo Indefinido\", também significativo na composição do panorama urbano da cidade de São Paulo desse período. / This thesis represents a contribution to the study of São Paulo\'s residential architecture in the period between the Wars. Based on samples of residential projects, appeared in the construction approval processes at General Archive of São Paulo\'s Municipal Government (Piqueri), it analyses the technical and constructive innovations, the necessity programs and the formal and stylistic repertoire used in São Paulo\'s homes in decades of 1920 and 1930, focusing specially the middle class. This work examines the economic, social, cultural and urban situation at São Paulo by that time. It characterizes the stylistic models in the twenties and thirties - the Neocolonial, in its two versions, and Art Déco - reflecting the changes in stylistic preferences, behaviours and erudite\'s influences over the popular architecture. It reveals the appearance of a new stylistic language, the \"Maneirismo Paulistano\", and identifies an \"Undefinied Style\", also significant in the composition of São Paulo\'s urban context in that period.

The subject of this thesis is to prepare the restoration project of a traditional house in CamiSerif District, Mersin, where has the most dense traditional house tissue, in order to handle the subject as a case study on the traditional houses of Mersin for the later conservation movements in the region. Within the context of the study, the present states of the site and the building are studied in detail and the original state of the building is investigated through historical and comparative study of the building with other examples of traditional residential architecture. The study ends with a proposal for a restoration project according to the evaluation of the information gathered.

In Prehispanic Northwest Argentina, the first archaeological evidence of Formative cultures (1000 BC-AD 1000) permits us to differentiate between areas of daily use and areas of funeral or ritual uses and between household patio-groups and mound compounds. During the first millennium AD, several modes of spatial structuration and of investment in the architectural landscape were in operation. They confer primacy to different material and symbolic means. At the end of the first millennium AD two structuration modes can be distinguished more clearly: one was founded in the control and manipulation of sacred resources and the other was founded in the control and concentration of socio-political resources of a secular order. Both distinctive principles operated as the means and resources of several social transformations. These modes produced diverse forms of hierarchically structured social spaces and of community architecture. Variations of these modes are illustrated by describing different archaeological sites and materials from the Santa María Valley and nearby areas. This analysis aims to understand social transformations from the first village communities to later ones. / En el Noroeste argentino prehispánico, las primeras evidencias formativas (1000 a.C. a 1000 d.C.) permiten diferenciar entre algunas zonas de uso cotidiano y sectores funerarios o rituales, es decir, entre conjuntos de viviendas-patio y complejos de montículos-plazuela. En el transcurso del primer milenio d.C. ya existían varios modos alternativos de diferenciación del espacio y de inversión en el paisaje arquitectónico que otorgaban primacía a medios materiales y simbólicos distintos. Al final de esta etapa se pueden distinguir, de manera más clara, dos modos de diferenciación: uno fundado en el control y manipulación de recursos sagrados, y otro basado en el control y concentración de recursos de orden sociopolítico o secular. Ambos principios de distinción operaron como medios y recursos de transformaciones sociales. Estos modos produjeron formas diversas de jerarquización del espacio social y de la arquitectura comunitaria. Estas variaciones se ilustran con la descripción de sitios y materiales arqueológicos del valle de Santa María y sus alrededores. El presente análisis está dirigido a la comprensión de la transición desde las primeras sociedades aldeanas a las formaciones posteriores.

Esta tese representa uma contribuição ao estudo da arquitetura residencial paulistana produzida no período entre as Grandes Guerras. Com base em uma amostra de projetos sorteados de residências, constantes nos processos de aprovação de construção sob a guarda do Arquivo Geral da Prefeitura do Município de São Paulo (Piqueri), analisa as inovações técnicoconstrutivas, os programas de necessidades e o repertório formal e estilístico empregados nas residências paulistanas das décadas de 20 e 30, enfocando particularmente as de classe média. Examina o quadro econômico, social, cultural e urbano existente na cidade de São Paulo no entre-guerras. Caracteriza os modelos estilísticos em voga nos anos 20 e 30 - o Neocolonial, em suas duas versões, e o Art Déco - refletindo acerca das mudanças de gosto, de comportamento e das influências estilísticas da arquitetura erudita sobre aquela popularizada na classe média. Revela o surgimento de uma nova linguagem estilística, o \"Maneirismo Paulistano\", e identifica um \"Estilo Indefinido\", também significativo na composição do panorama urbano da cidade de São Paulo desse período. / This thesis represents a contribution to the study of São Paulo\'s residential architecture in the period between the Wars. Based on samples of residential projects, appeared in the construction approval processes at General Archive of São Paulo\'s Municipal Government (Piqueri), it analyses the technical and constructive innovations, the necessity programs and the formal and stylistic repertoire used in São Paulo\'s homes in decades of 1920 and 1930, focusing specially the middle class. This work examines the economic, social, cultural and urban situation at São Paulo by that time. It characterizes the stylistic models in the twenties and thirties - the Neocolonial, in its two versions, and Art Déco - reflecting the changes in stylistic preferences, behaviours and erudite\'s influences over the popular architecture. It reveals the appearance of a new stylistic language, the \"Maneirismo Paulistano\", and identifies an \"Undefinied Style\", also significant in the composition of São Paulo\'s urban context in that period.

Throughout human history, people have migrated from one area to another for many reasons, including searching for better economic, political or other conditions that are assumed to improve the human standard of living (Kotkin 2016:6; United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs 2014). Migration to urban areas has increased over the past century, and is only expected to continue doing so. In 2016, 54% of earth’s human population lived within urban areas, making it the largest urban population ever to occur on the planet (Brenner & Schmidt 2014:733; United Nations Population Fund 2014). A 2013 study by El Din, Shalaby, Farouh and Elariane states that, with more of the human population residing in urban areas than in the past, studies around human life in urban areas are more significant and necessary for the sake of increasing knowledge bases for the development of sustainable human environments (El Din et al. 2013:87, 88). Architects and urban planners focus on improving the quality of life of the end users of their designs at a contextual level, which in turn is beneficial as a good quality of life is considered to be one of the most important aspects for sustainable urban development (Othman, Aird & Buys 2015:22). Over the past 15 years there has been a knowledge shift towards global parameters for measurement of quality of life that are not uniform or based solely on economic indicators, but rather are developed so that these indicators can be used to measure quality of life at a contextual level in order to supply informative data and results (United Nations Population Fund 2016; Vermuni & Costanza 2006:124). There are contextual differences, similarities and variations for the definition of a good quality of life between the large urban areas in the developed world as well as in countries within the Global South, which contains the majority of the world’s Third World countries (Rigg 2007:8-10). With the global continuation of the urbanisation of the human population in different contexts, along with the migration of individuals between different parts of the world, urban planners and architects are challenged to design spaces that provide good quality of life within any urban context for an end user coming from any urban or rural context. This study seeks to investigate the means of assessing quality of life in residential spaces of end users who share similar values in terms of quality of life, but will be studied in three varied urban contexts, namely Zimbabwe, South Africa and the United Kingdom. Zimbabwe, is classified as a Low Income country by the United Nations Department of Economics and Social Affairs (2014), has experienced high levels of migration out of the country over the past 16 years (Humphris 2010), with the highest number of migrations into South Africa, which is classified as an Upper Middle Income Country, and the United Kingdom, classified as a High Income country (United Nations Department of Economics and Social Affairs 2014). This research paper seeks to measure and compare quality of life in the homes of Zimbabweans in the three contexts mentioned above, in order to gauge what aspects of residential design impact positively or negatively on the end user’s quality of life. / Mini Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / Architecture / MSc Applied Sciences in Architecture / Unrestricted