The research focuses on the evaluation and perception of the residential quality satisfaction and the discussion of the requirement of residential quality and refurbishment of the servicemen¡¦s residential compound in Kaohsiung Tzuoying area. We want to understand the relations of residential quality satisfaction and the requirement of the refurbishment during the different residential backgrounds through the discussion of the literature and the questionnaire. We investigated the adult residents in Tzuoying Community in Mingjian and do the research by the census of 518 households units. Then analyze the data by statistic in SPSS soft ware. After the research, the result of four hypothesis are below: 1.There is obvious relation between residential background and the satisfaction of residential quality. 2.The composed elements are different due to the difference of residential background. 3.The demands of the refurbishment are different due to the difference of residential backgrounds. 4. The demands of the refurbishment for the residents are different due to the difference of residential satisfaction. From the result, there is obvious difference in the demand of refurbishment among the residents. In additional to raise the satisfaction of residential quality,it needs to think about the residential demands for the refurbishment. The search comes up with the related policies and suggestions to look forward helping the implement of refurbishment policy.

Throughout human history, people have migrated from one area to another for many reasons, including searching for better economic, political or other conditions that are assumed to improve the human standard of living (Kotkin 2016:6; United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs 2014). Migration to urban areas has increased over the past century, and is only expected to continue doing so. In 2016, 54% of earth’s human population lived within urban areas, making it the largest urban population ever to occur on the planet (Brenner & Schmidt 2014:733; United Nations Population Fund 2014). A 2013 study by El Din, Shalaby, Farouh and Elariane states that, with more of the human population residing in urban areas than in the past, studies around human life in urban areas are more significant and necessary for the sake of increasing knowledge bases for the development of sustainable human environments (El Din et al. 2013:87, 88). Architects and urban planners focus on improving the quality of life of the end users of their designs at a contextual level, which in turn is beneficial as a good quality of life is considered to be one of the most important aspects for sustainable urban development (Othman, Aird & Buys 2015:22). Over the past 15 years there has been a knowledge shift towards global parameters for measurement of quality of life that are not uniform or based solely on economic indicators, but rather are developed so that these indicators can be used to measure quality of life at a contextual level in order to supply informative data and results (United Nations Population Fund 2016; Vermuni & Costanza 2006:124). There are contextual differences, similarities and variations for the definition of a good quality of life between the large urban areas in the developed world as well as in countries within the Global South, which contains the majority of the world’s Third World countries (Rigg 2007:8-10). With the global continuation of the urbanisation of the human population in different contexts, along with the migration of individuals between different parts of the world, urban planners and architects are challenged to design spaces that provide good quality of life within any urban context for an end user coming from any urban or rural context. This study seeks to investigate the means of assessing quality of life in residential spaces of end users who share similar values in terms of quality of life, but will be studied in three varied urban contexts, namely Zimbabwe, South Africa and the United Kingdom. Zimbabwe, is classified as a Low Income country by the United Nations Department of Economics and Social Affairs (2014), has experienced high levels of migration out of the country over the past 16 years (Humphris 2010), with the highest number of migrations into South Africa, which is classified as an Upper Middle Income Country, and the United Kingdom, classified as a High Income country (United Nations Department of Economics and Social Affairs 2014). This research paper seeks to measure and compare quality of life in the homes of Zimbabweans in the three contexts mentioned above, in order to gauge what aspects of residential design impact positively or negatively on the end user’s quality of life. / Mini Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / Architecture / MSc Applied Sciences in Architecture / Unrestricted

Syfte: Den svenska befolkningen urbaniserar, invånare flyttar från landsbygden till tätbebyggda områden. Bostadsutformningen blir en viktig del för att vara yt-effektiv utan att försämra levnadsstandarden för de boende. De styrande regelverken utvecklas ständigt för att möta samhällets och teknikens utveckling. Detta arbete syftar till att undersöka hur ökad höjd i en mindre lägenhet kan påverka livsmiljökvalitet. De styrande frågeställningarna som ska leda fram till målet är: (1) Vilka faktorer påverkar livsmiljökvalitet när det gäller mindre bostäder? (2) Hur förändras rummet om man strävar efter minsta möjliga golvyta till förmån för vertikal rumsutformning? (3) Till vilken grad kan man tillfredsställa kraven/föreskrifterna i BBR och SIS med koppling till vertikal rumsutformning? Metod: För att erfara kunskap användes litteratursökning inom förtätning, livsmiljökvalitet, de fysiskt påverkande faktorerna och bostadspreferenser. Dokumentanalys gjordes på referenslägenhetens planlösning och regelverken. En observation av referenslägenheten gjordes och experiment där olika parametrar som takhöjd, golvavtryck, förvaring och fast inredning förändrades. Resultat: De avgörande parametrar som påverkar livsmiljökvalitet när det kommer till bostäder är; möjlighet för arbete, matplats, förvaring, öppenhet och luftighet, genomblick och axialitet, möblerbarhet, originalitet, trivsamhet, funktionalitet och generalitet. Vid begränsad yta går det att kompensera upp detta med en annan parameter från listan på livsmiljökvalitet. Minskas de mätbara och funktionella värdena kan går det att väga upp med de omätbara och estetiska värdena. Tillgänglighetskraven försvårar sammanfallandet av bostadsfunktioner och kräver generellt en större yta. Konsekvenser: Genom att utforma bostäder med högre takhöjd och minskad golvyta men bibehålla livskvalitén går det att koncentrera bostäderna i framtidens förtätning. Genom att tillåta integrering av bostadsfunktioner på höjden blir det möjligt att bygga lägenheter med mindre golvyta innehållandes samtliga basfunktioner för en bostad. Begränsningar: Denna rapport behandlar mindre bostäder om högst 35m2 för en person Vid benämning av rumsupplevelse så menas den rumsliga upplevelsen av lägenheten, vilket huvudsakligen är rumsgeometrin och den fasta inredningen. De regelverk som beaktas är BBR och SIS. Konstruktion och kostnad beaktas inte. Resultat: Genom att utforma bostäder med högre takhöjd och minskad golvyta men bibehålla livskvalitén går det att koncentrera bostäderna i framtidens förtätning. Genom att tillåta integrering av bostadsfunktioner på höjden blir det möjligt att bygga lägenheter med mindre golvyta innehållandes samtliga basfunktioner för en bostad. De avgörande parametrar som påverkar livsmiljökvalitet när det kommer till bostäder är; möjlighet för arbete, matplats, förvaring, öppenhet och luftighet, genomblick och axialitet, möblerbarhet, originalitet, trivsamhet, funktionellt vs. generellt. Vid begränsad yta går det att kompensera upp detta med en annan parameter från ovanstående lista. Minskas de mätbara och funktionella värdena går det att väga upp med de omätbara och estetiska värdena. Tillgänglighetskraven försvårar sammanfallandet av bostadsfunktioner och kräver generellt en större yta. / Purpose: The Swedish population is urbanizing, residents move from the countryside to densely populated areas. Housing design becomes an important part of being surface efficient without impairing living standards for residents. The governing rules limit how to build. As they are constantly evolving to meet the development of society and technology, more reliefs of housing design requirements have been made. This thesis aims to investigate how increased height in a smaller apartment can affect habitat quality. The governing questions are: (1) what factors affect residential quality in terms of smaller housing? (2) How does the room change if one strives for the minimum floor space in favor of vertical room design? (3) To what extent can you satisfy the requirements / regulations of BBR and SIS in relation to vertical room design?  Method: In order to gain knowledge of the subject, literature search was used in densification, habitat quality, the physically influencing factors and housing preferences. Document analysis was made on a reference apartment plan solution and the governing rules. An observation of the reference apartment was performed as well as experiments in which different parameters such as room height, floor imprint, storage and fixed furnishing were changed. Findings: The crucial parameters that affect habitat quality when it comes to housing are; opportunity for work, dining space, storage, openness and airiness, transparency and axiality, the possibility to furnish, originality, comfort, functionality and generality. A limited floor space can be compensated by another parameter from the list of habitat quality parameters. If the measurable and functional values are reduced, it is possible to compensate with the immeasurable and aesthetic values. Accessibility requirements aggravate the convergence of housing functions and generally require a larger floor area. All SIS requirements can be met, even when combining housing functions. Implications: By designing apartments with increased height and reduced floor space but at the same time maintaining the habitant quality, it is possible to concentrate housing in the future densification of cities. By allowing the integration of residential functions at the height, it is possible to build apartments with less floor space containing all basic functions for a home. Limitations: This work aims to investigate smaller apartments up to 35m2 for one person. When mentioning the term “residential quality” it refers to the spatial perception of the apartment, which is mainly the geometry of the room and the permanent furnishing. The regulations considered are BBR and SIS. Construction and cost are not considered.

The thesis aims to introduce the problem of panel housing estates in the Czech Republic, to evaluate the development policy of these areas and to suggest the possibilities of transformation of Prague panel housing estates in order to enhance quality of residential environment. In the Czech Republic lives a substantial part of the population in the panel housing estates and their degradation is a real threat that could lead to the decline of entire cities. About 40% of Prague's residents live in housing estates, which are an indispensable part of urban structure of the capital city, and therefore the thesis focuses on Prague's housing estates. Through a literature research the theoretical part deals in major with the circumstances of creation and specifics of Czech panel housing with focus on the Prague housing estates. The theoretical part concludes that the future of housing estates will depend on the attitude of public authorities and its residents as we cannot rely on the fact that leaving housing estates their own development will not lead to their degradation. The practical part aims to introduce national and local key documents and programs, which involve housing estates transformation issues and assesses their importance and contribution to the transformation process itself. Further, there are introduced examples of foreign and Czech transformations and using SWOT analysis there is assessed the potential usability of these measures in the transformation of Prague housing estates. The end of practical part performs a synthesis of previous findings and suggests the possibilities of transformation of Prague panel housing estates, which should increase the quality of the residential environment. The draft of conception can serve as a basis for planning the estates transformation process at the Prague city districts.

Bostadens kvaliteter har direkt inverkan på individens förutsättningar och påverkar livskvaliteten. Studentbostäder hör till kategorin tillfälliga boenden vilket medför viss sanktionering gällande kvalitetskrav för bostadens utformning, detta ses som problematiskt eftersom studentergenerellt tillbringar många timmar i sitt hem och hemmiljön vanligtvis också fungerar somen plats för studier. Bostaden som både hem- och arbetsmiljö betraktas i och med förväntad utbredning av digitaliserad undervisning som en viktig aspekt i utformningen av framtidens studentbostäder. Syftet med uppsatsen är att identifiera vad som är ett bra studentboende.För att förstå detta undersöks relationen mellan den byggda miljö och människan, synen på hemmiljö och bostaden, vilka arkitektoniska kvaliteter som bidrar till trivsel i bostaden och har positiv inverkan på upplevelsen av hemmiljö, vilka behov som kan betraktas som mänskligt förenande samt vilka specifika behov och preferenser som finns inom målgruppen studenter.Den teoretiska grunden har formats utifrån det vetenskapliga fältet för arkitektur, sociologi, psykologi och filosofi. Resonemang som förts i olika tider sätts i relation till varandra ochillustrerar hur synen på bostaden och dess primära funktioner förändras över tid. Litteratur- och databassökning resulterar i sammanställande av åtta indikatorer som är viktiga att ta hänsyntill i utformning av framtidens studentbostäder, dessa är; sammanhang, spatial form, dagsljus och inomhusklimat, nivåer av socialt och privat, rummens placering i relation till varandra, omslutenhet kontra öppenhet, möjlighet till variation samt material och detaljer. Indikatorerna har fungerat vägledande i utformandet av ett gestaltningsförslag över ett studentboende i Malmö. För att tillgodose alla dessa behov i en bostadslösning, begränsad av studenternas budget och effektivitetskrav, har ett koncept kring en delad lägenhet för två personer utvecklats. Att två studenter bor tillsammans är också en strategi som tillämpas för att underlätta integrationen i den sociala gemenskapen, i byggnaden mellan studenterna och i staden mellan studenternaoch universitetslivet. Att dela en situation med en person som befinner sig i “samma” position beskrivs våde i tidigare forskning och av studenterna som ett sätt att öka upplevelsen av trygghet. När människor känner sig trygga uppstår en vilja att utforska vilket leder till utveckling.En ritningsanalys av fyra befintliga studentbostäder i Malmö och förståelse utifrån Malmö universitets Campusplan 2040 har bidragit med kompletterande inslag i analysen utifrån medvetenheten kring platsens och sammanhangets inverkan i utformning av god arkitektur. För ytterligare förståelse för målgruppen har fem universitetsstudenter som bor i Malmö intervjuats omfrågor som rör kvaliteter och behov i bostaden samt synen på hemmiljö och studentbostäder. Gestaltningsförslaget presenterades för studenterna och ledde till en djupare diskussion om livet i studentbostäder, vilka delar i utformningen som upplevdes som bra och vad som kunde förbättras samt vilka utmanande frågor som kunde identifieras. Samtalen med studenterna bekräftar tidigare forskning på områdena hemmiljö och studentbostaden, således även indikatorernas relevans. Intervjuerna leder till uppslag för vidare utveckling av gestaltningsförslaget och en diskussion kring komplexiteten i utformningen av studentbostäder, på grund av konkurrerande värden som sätts i relation till varandra. Studien visar att det i fråga om studentbostaden finns ett behov av möjlighet till personligt avtryck och flexibilitet inom bostaden samt att en balans mellan integritet och interaktion efterfrågas. Både det privata livet, identitetsskapande och tillgångentill gemenskap ses som extra viktigt i den formativa period i livet som tiden för studier är. Dessa teman kan tillsammans med de åtta indikatorerna dels ses som områden för vidare forskning, dels som ett svar på vad dagens studentbostäder, i varierande grad, saknar och kan således fungera som ett uppslag till vad som bör utvecklas vidare i utformningen av framtida studentbostäder. / The quality of the home environment have a direct impact on the individual’s living conditions and influence the quality of life. Student residential belongs to the category of temporary homes, which implies less expectations on the quality of the accommodation due to legislation. This becomes problematic since the students, generally spend many hours in their home and the home environment usually also works as place for studies. Student residential as both a home and work space is a relevant aspect in the design of future student housing, since the expected spread of digitized education. The aim of the thesis is to identify what constitutes good student housing. In order to understand that, the relationship between the built environment and people, the perception of home environment and housing, which architectural qualities contribute to the well- being of the home and have a positive impact on the experience of home environment, which needs that can be considered as humanly unifying and which specific needs and preferencesthat exist within the target group of students are investigated. The theoretical framework has been formed from the scientific fields of architecture, sociology, psychology and philosophy. Arguments made at different times are seen in comparison to each other and illustrate how the view of the home and its primary functions changes over time. Literature and database searches result in the compilation of eight indicators that are important to consider in the design of future student housing, these are; context, spatial form, daylight and indoor climate, levels of socialand private, the positioning of spaces in relation to each other, enclosure versus openness, opportunity for variety and materials and detailis.The indicators serve as a guide in the designof a design proposal for a student residence in Malmö. To meet all these needs in a dwelling solution, limited by the students’ budget and efficiency requirements, a concept for a shared flat directed to two students was developed. Two students living together was also a strategy applied to make it easier incorporating with the social community, in the building between the students and in the city between the students and the university life. To share a situation with a personin the same circumstances are described by the students as one way of increase the experienceof safety. When people feel safe a will to explore arise which leads to personal development. A drawing analysis of four existing student residences in Malmö and an understanding from Malmö University’s Campus Plan 2040 have contributed with additional elements to the analysis, based on the awareness of the impact of place and context in designing good architecture. For further understanding of the target group, five university students living in Malmö have been interviewed on issues related to qualities and needs at home and views on home environment and student housing. The designed outcome were presented to the students and led to a deeper discussion on life in student residential which parts that experienced good and what could be improved and the challenging issues could be identified in the design proposal. The conversations with the students confirmed previous research in the areas of perception in home environment and student housing, thus also the relevance of the indicators. The interviews led to suggestions for further development of the design proposal and a discussion about the complexity of the design of student housing, due to competing values that are put in relation to each other. The study shows that a need for personal expression and flexibility within the dwelling and a balance between privacy and interaction is required. Both privacy, identity formation and access to community are seen as particularly important in the formative period of life while studying. These subjects are, together with the indicators, seen as areas for further investigation and as a reply on what today’s student housing, to varying degrees, lacks and can thus be a suggestion for what should be developed further in the design of future student housing.